scholarly journals Physical violence and violent threats reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a disability: cross sectional evidence from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey B. Temple ◽  
Heather Wong ◽  
Angeline Ferdinand ◽  
Scott Avery ◽  
Yin Paradies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Torres Strait Islander People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Torres Strait

Abstract Background A recent Royal Commission into the treatment of Australians living with disabilities has underscored the considerable exposure to violence and harm in this population. Yet, little is known about exposure to violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with disabilities. The objective of this paper was to examine the prevalence, disability correlates and aspects of violence and threats reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with disabilities. Methods Data from the 2014–15 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey were used to measure physical violence, violent threats and disability. Multivariable logistic and ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for complex survey design were used to examine the association between measures of disability and exposure to violence and violent threats. Results In 2014–15, 17% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15–64 with disability experienced an instance of physical violence compared with 13% of those with no disability. Approximately 22% of those with a profound or severe disability reported experiencing the threat of physical violence. After adjusting for a comprehensive set of confounding factors and accounting for complex survey design, presence of a disability was associated with a 1.5 odds increase in exposure to physical violence (OR = 1.54 p < 0.001), violence with harm (OR = 1.55 p < 0.001), more frequent experience of violence (OR = 1.55 p < 0.001) and a 2.1 odds increase (OR = 2.13 p < 0.001) in exposure to violent threats. Severity of disability, higher numbers of disabling conditions as well as specific disability types (e.g., psychological or intellectual) were associated with increased odds of both physical violence and threats beyond this level. Independent of these effects, removal from one’s natural family was strongly associated with experiences of physical violence and violent threats. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, regardless of disability status, were more likely to report partner or family violence, whereas men were more likely to report violence from other known individuals. Conclusion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability are at heightened risk of physical violence and threats compared to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people without disability, with increased exposure for people with multiple, severe or specific disabilities.

scholarly journals Brazilians’ experiences with iron fortification: evidence of effectiveness for reducing inadequate iron intakes with fortified flour policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diva Aliete dos Santos Vieira ◽  
Josiane Steluti ◽  
Eliseu Verly-Jr ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Fortified Flour

AbstractObjectiveTo assess Fe intake, calculate the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake and identify food contributors to Fe intake during 2003 and 2008 in a population-based study, reflecting before and after the mandatory fortification of flour with Fe.DesignTwo cross-sectional population-based studies conducted in 2003 and 2008. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24 h recall and the Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) was used to estimate within-person variance and prevalence of inadequate Fe intake. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the complex survey design.SettingSão Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsAdolescents, adults and elderly adults of both sexes, interviewed in 2003 (n 2386) and 2008 (n 1661).ResultsThe Fe intake mean increased in all populations in the post-fortification period. A reduction of over 90 % was observed in the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake among men for all age groups analysed. When evaluating women, despite the substantial reduction (over 63 %), prevalence of inadequate Fe intake remained high (34 %) in those aged 19–50 years. Major food contributors to Fe intake before fortification were beans, beef, vegetables and dairy. There was an alteration in the contributors in the post-fortification period, with bread, beef, beans and biscuits as main contributors.ConclusionsThe mandatory fortification with Fe significantly furthered the reduction in the prevalence of inadequacy, except among women of reproductive age, and changed the main contributors to this nutrient in the studied population. Therefore, monitoring of Fe addition in flour is essential to assess compliance to the fortified flour policy and to guarantee a safe Fe intake for all the population.

scholarly journals The Association between Stressful Events and Food Insecurity: Cross-Sectional Evidence from Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey Temple
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Nationally Representative

A considerable body of empirical evidence exists on the demographic and socio-economic correlates of food insecurity in Australia. An important omission from recent studies, however, is an understanding of the role of stressful life events, or stressors in explaining exposure to food insecurity. Using nationally representative data from the 2014 General Social Survey and multivariable logistic regression, this paper reports on the association between 18 discrete stressors and the likelihood of reporting food insecurity in Australia. The results, adjusted for known correlates of food insecurity and complex survey design, show that exposure to stressors significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity. Importantly, stressors related to employment and health approximately doubled the odds of experiencing food insecurity. The results underscore the complex correlates of food insecurity and indicates that conceptually it interacts with many important social and economic problems in contemporary Australia. There is no simple fix to food insecurity and solutions require co-ordination across a range of social and economic policies.

scholarly journals Perceived Cognitive Ability in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Vietnam Era Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Michelle Hilgeman ◽  
John Blosnich ◽  
Yasmin Cypel ◽  
Fatema Akhtar ◽  
Aaron Schneiderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) Veterans report stress (e.g., discrimination under Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policies) and mental health conditions (e.g., depression) that may increase risk for neurocognitive changes like dementia. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be an early indicator of neurocognitive change – yet no known studies have examined SCD in LGB Veterans. Cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) were examined for 260 LGB and 17,796 heterosexual Veterans. VE-HEROeS is the latest probability-based survey of Vietnam Era Veterans (1961–1975) as older adults (2016-2017). SCD was assessed using two subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Instrument Version-3 (FACT-Cog). Good reliability was observed in this sample: Cronbach’s alpha =.94 for the 7-item Perceived Cognitive Abilities subscale and .88 for the 4-item Comments from Others. Analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. LGB Veterans were slightly younger (M=68.3, range 59-84) than heterosexual Veterans (M=69.1, range 58-99, p=.03); were more likely to be female (13% vs 3%, p&lt;.01); and had fewer people living in the household (M=1.7 vs. M=2.1, p&lt;.01). LGB Veterans were also more likely than heterosexual Veterans to report feeling depressed most or all of the time over the past 30 days (5.7% vs. 3.6%, respectively, p&lt;0.01) on a single 5-point Likert-scale. SCD indicators did not vary by Veteran sexual orientation (M=19.69 and M=19.69; M=14.2 and M=14.1) and were elevated compared to published studies in healthy adult samples. More work is needed to examine neurocognitive risk factors in aging LGB Veterans.

scholarly journals He hurts her womb: Physical-sexual violence and pregnancy complications among women in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491
Author(s):  
Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Priom Saha ◽  
Nahida Anwar ◽  
Afnan Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Mental Health Awareness ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Background: Though some studies show the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy complications in developed countries, the association remains understudied in less developed and low-income settings. This study examines the association of physical and sexual violence with pregnancy complications among women in Afghanistan. Methods: This study used the data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS). The analysis included 7229 women aged between 15 and 49 and used logistic regression to show the association of physical and sexual violence with pregnancy compilations. The analysis controlled for some potential variables and followed complex survey design factors such as strata, clusters, and survey weights. Results: Fully adjusted regression model shows that the women who experienced physical violence were 21% (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.21; confidence interval [CI]=0.98, 1.50; P<0.1) more likely to endure pregnancy complications compared to those who did not face the violence. Likewise, the women experiencing sexual violence were 89% (adjusted OR=1.89; CI=1.37, 2.62; P<0.01) higher to face pregnancy complications than those who did not face any of sexual violence. More specifically, physically and sexually violated women were highly prey to the complications that increased with the increment of the violence. Conclusion: This study adds that policymakers may formulate policies for ensuring 3C (caring couple counselling) by readdressing couple relationships, raising gender rights and awareness, providing reproductive health literacy, and increasing mental health awareness during pregnancy.

Reporting More but Moving Less? The Complex Relationship between Acculturation and Physical Activity Among US Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Hua Zan ◽  
Jessie X. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Purpose: To investigate the association between acculturation and physical activity (PA). Design: Cross sectional. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003 to 2006. Subjects: A total of 4029 adults (aged 20-64), including 2063 men and 1966 women. Measures: The outcome measures included both self-reported PA and device-assessed PA. The acculturation measure was constructed based on nativity, language use at home, and length of residence in the United States. Analysis: Regressions with domain analysis were conducted to adjust for the influence of confounding factors and complex survey design. Results: For men, self-reported PA increased with acculturation, especially leisure-time PA. However, device-assessed PA decreased with acculturation. For women, the results were more mixed. Conclusion: All evidence considered, we concluded that PA decreased with acculturation for US men.

Considering the Impact of Social Media on Contemporary Improvement of Australian Aboriginal Health: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Walker ◽  
Claire Palermo ◽  
Karen Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Aboriginal Health ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Torres Strait Islander People ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Torres Strait

BACKGROUND Social media may have a significant role in influencing the present and future health implications among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, yet there has been no review of the role of social media in improving health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the extent of health initiatives using social media that aimed to improve the health of Australian Aboriginal communities. METHODS A scoping review was conducted by systematically searching databases CINAHL Plus; PubMed; Scopus; Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE in June 2017 using the terms and their synonyms “Aboriginal” and “Social media.” In addition, reference lists of included studies and the Indigenous HealthInfonet gray literature were searched. Key information about the social media intervention and its impacts on health were extracted and data synthesized using narrative summaries. RESULTS Five papers met inclusion criteria. All included studies were published in the past 5 years and involved urban, rural, and remote Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people aged 12-60 years. No studies reported objective impacts on health. Three papers found that social media provided greater space for sharing health messages in a 2-way exchange. The negative portrayal of Aboriginal people and negative health impacts of social media were described in 2 papers. CONCLUSIONS Social media may be a useful strategy to provide health messages and sharing of content among Aboriginal people, but objective impacts on health remain unknown. More research is necessary on social media as a way to connect, communicate, and improve Aboriginal health with particular emphasis on community control, self-empowerment, and decolonization.

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