Reporting More but Moving Less? The Complex Relationship between Acculturation and Physical Activity Among US Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Hua Zan ◽  
Jessie X. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Purpose: To investigate the association between acculturation and physical activity (PA). Design: Cross sectional. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003 to 2006. Subjects: A total of 4029 adults (aged 20-64), including 2063 men and 1966 women. Measures: The outcome measures included both self-reported PA and device-assessed PA. The acculturation measure was constructed based on nativity, language use at home, and length of residence in the United States. Analysis: Regressions with domain analysis were conducted to adjust for the influence of confounding factors and complex survey design. Results: For men, self-reported PA increased with acculturation, especially leisure-time PA. However, device-assessed PA decreased with acculturation. For women, the results were more mixed. Conclusion: All evidence considered, we concluded that PA decreased with acculturation for US men.

scholarly journals The impact of complex survey design on prevalence estimates of intakes of food groups in the Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Burden ◽  
Yasmine Probst ◽  
David Steel ◽  
Linda Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the complex survey design used in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS07) on prevalence estimates for intakes of groups of foods in the population of children.DesignThe impacts on prevalence estimates were determined by calculating design effects for values for food group consumption. The implications of ignoring elements of the sample design including stratification, clustering and weighting are discussed.SettingThe ANCNPAS07 used a complex sample design involving stratification, a high degree of clustering and estimation weights.SubjectsAustralian children aged 2–16 years.ResultsDesign effects ranging from <1 to 5 were found for the values of mean consumption and proportion of the population consuming the food groups. When survey weights were ignored, prevalence estimates were also biased.ConclusionsIgnoring the complex survey design used in the ANCNPAS07 could result in underestimating the width of confidence intervals, higher mean square errors and biased estimators. The magnitude of these effects depends on both the parameter under consideration and the chosen estimator.

scholarly journals Brazilians’ experiences with iron fortification: evidence of effectiveness for reducing inadequate iron intakes with fortified flour policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diva Aliete dos Santos Vieira ◽  
Josiane Steluti ◽  
Eliseu Verly-Jr ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Fortified Flour

AbstractObjectiveTo assess Fe intake, calculate the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake and identify food contributors to Fe intake during 2003 and 2008 in a population-based study, reflecting before and after the mandatory fortification of flour with Fe.DesignTwo cross-sectional population-based studies conducted in 2003 and 2008. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24 h recall and the Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) was used to estimate within-person variance and prevalence of inadequate Fe intake. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the complex survey design.SettingSão Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsAdolescents, adults and elderly adults of both sexes, interviewed in 2003 (n 2386) and 2008 (n 1661).ResultsThe Fe intake mean increased in all populations in the post-fortification period. A reduction of over 90 % was observed in the prevalence of inadequate Fe intake among men for all age groups analysed. When evaluating women, despite the substantial reduction (over 63 %), prevalence of inadequate Fe intake remained high (34 %) in those aged 19–50 years. Major food contributors to Fe intake before fortification were beans, beef, vegetables and dairy. There was an alteration in the contributors in the post-fortification period, with bread, beef, beans and biscuits as main contributors.ConclusionsThe mandatory fortification with Fe significantly furthered the reduction in the prevalence of inadequacy, except among women of reproductive age, and changed the main contributors to this nutrient in the studied population. Therefore, monitoring of Fe addition in flour is essential to assess compliance to the fortified flour policy and to guarantee a safe Fe intake for all the population.

scholarly journals Interrelations of Socioeconomic Position and Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Y. Wolin ◽  
Gary G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Background:The interrelations between various physical activity domains have received little empirical attention in the United States. Of particular interest, given the potential applicability to traditionally underserved communities, is the nature of the association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA).Methods:5448 adult men and women who participated in NHANES 1999–2000 were included in analyses. Linear regression was used to examine the bivariate and multivariable associations of OPA and education with LTPA. Generalized logit models were used to examine the association of education with OPA.Results:We found no association between education and LTPA. OPA was significantly positively associated with LTPA (P < .001). The association between OPA and LTPA was not strongest among those with low education and held only for men in gender-stratified analysis. Education was inversely associated with OPA (P < .001) in multivariable analysis.Conclusions:Our findings lend preliminary support to the hypothesis that OPA is an important determinant of LTPA, particularly in men. This provides additional support to calls for assessment of OPA, particularly among individuals of low social class.

scholarly journals Physical violence and violent threats reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a disability: cross sectional evidence from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey B. Temple ◽  
Heather Wong ◽  
Angeline Ferdinand ◽  
Scott Avery ◽  
Yin Paradies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Torres Strait Islander People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Torres Strait

Abstract Background A recent Royal Commission into the treatment of Australians living with disabilities has underscored the considerable exposure to violence and harm in this population. Yet, little is known about exposure to violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with disabilities. The objective of this paper was to examine the prevalence, disability correlates and aspects of violence and threats reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with disabilities. Methods Data from the 2014–15 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey were used to measure physical violence, violent threats and disability. Multivariable logistic and ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for complex survey design were used to examine the association between measures of disability and exposure to violence and violent threats. Results In 2014–15, 17% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15–64 with disability experienced an instance of physical violence compared with 13% of those with no disability. Approximately 22% of those with a profound or severe disability reported experiencing the threat of physical violence. After adjusting for a comprehensive set of confounding factors and accounting for complex survey design, presence of a disability was associated with a 1.5 odds increase in exposure to physical violence (OR = 1.54 p < 0.001), violence with harm (OR = 1.55 p < 0.001), more frequent experience of violence (OR = 1.55 p < 0.001) and a 2.1 odds increase (OR = 2.13 p < 0.001) in exposure to violent threats. Severity of disability, higher numbers of disabling conditions as well as specific disability types (e.g., psychological or intellectual) were associated with increased odds of both physical violence and threats beyond this level. Independent of these effects, removal from one’s natural family was strongly associated with experiences of physical violence and violent threats. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, regardless of disability status, were more likely to report partner or family violence, whereas men were more likely to report violence from other known individuals. Conclusion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability are at heightened risk of physical violence and threats compared to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people without disability, with increased exposure for people with multiple, severe or specific disabilities.

scholarly journals The Association between Stressful Events and Food Insecurity: Cross-Sectional Evidence from Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey Temple
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Nationally Representative

A considerable body of empirical evidence exists on the demographic and socio-economic correlates of food insecurity in Australia. An important omission from recent studies, however, is an understanding of the role of stressful life events, or stressors in explaining exposure to food insecurity. Using nationally representative data from the 2014 General Social Survey and multivariable logistic regression, this paper reports on the association between 18 discrete stressors and the likelihood of reporting food insecurity in Australia. The results, adjusted for known correlates of food insecurity and complex survey design, show that exposure to stressors significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity. Importantly, stressors related to employment and health approximately doubled the odds of experiencing food insecurity. The results underscore the complex correlates of food insecurity and indicates that conceptually it interacts with many important social and economic problems in contemporary Australia. There is no simple fix to food insecurity and solutions require co-ordination across a range of social and economic policies.

scholarly journals Lower nutritional status and higher food insufficiency in frail older US adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Smit ◽  
Kerrie M. Winters-Stone ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Alice M. Tang ◽  
Carlos J. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Food Insufficiency ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Frailty is a state of decreased physical functioning and a significant complication of ageing. We examined frailty, energy and macronutrient intake, biomarkers of nutritional status and food insufficiency in US older adult (age ≥ 60 years) participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n 4731). Frailty was defined as meeting ≥ 2 and pre-frailty as meeting one of the following four-item criteria: (1) slow walking; (2) muscular weakness; (3) exhaustion and (4) low physical activity. Intake was assessed by 24 h dietary recall. Food insufficiency was self-reported as ‘sometimes’ or ‘often’ not having enough food to eat. Analyses were adjusted for sex, race, age, smoking, education, income, BMI, other co-morbid conditions and complex survey design. Prevalence of frailty was highest among people who were obese (20·8 %), followed by overweight (18·4 %), normal weight (16·1 %) and lowest among people who were underweight (13·8 %). Independent of BMI, daily energy intake was lowest in people who were frail, followed by pre-frail and highest in people who were not frail (6648 (se 130), 6966 (se 79) and 7280 (se 84) kJ, respectively, P< 0·01). Energy-adjusted macronutrient intakes were similar in people with and without frailty. Frail (adjusted OR (AOR) 4·7; 95 % CI 1·7, 12·7) and pre-frail (AOR 2·1; 95 % CI 0·8, 5·8) people were more likely to report being food insufficient than not frail people. Serum albumin, carotenoids and Se levels were lower in frail adults than not frail adults. Research is needed on targeted interventions to improve nutritional status and food insufficiency among frail older adults, while not necessarily increasing BMI.

scholarly journals Geographical Patterning of Physical Activity Prevalence in Iran: Spatial Analysis of 4 Pooled National Health Surveys Among 119,560 Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sahebkar ◽  
Hamid Heidarian Miri ◽  
Pardis Noormohammadpour ◽  
Amir Tiyuri ◽  
Reza Pakzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Spot Analysis

Background: To investigate the geographical distribution of physical activity (PA) prevalence among adults aged 15–64 years old across Iran provinces using geographic maps. Methods: Data from 4 consecutive national surveys conducted between 2007 and 2010 were pooled to determine the geographical distribution. Prevalence of low PA with 95% confidence interval was estimated by sociodemographic subpopulations over provinces using complex survey design. Results: In total, 119,560 participants (49.9% females) were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) age of participants was 39.5 (14.3) years. The prevalence of the low PA in the pooled 2007–2010 was 35.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1–37.6). The 3 provinces with the highest prevalence of low PA were Sistan and Baluchestan, Yazd, and Hormozgan. The results of hot spot analysis showed that the Kerman province was a hot spot, and Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Markazi were cold spots for low PA. Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Mazandaran had the highest total PA volume (metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Hot spot analysis showed that Ilam and Khuzestan provinces were hot spots for the total PA volume. Conclusions: The regions with low and high PA are predominately situated in the near center/southeast and west, respectively.

Perceptions of Constraints to Leisure Time Physical Activity among Latinos in Wake County, North Carolina

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Casper ◽  
Michelle Gacio Harrolle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wake County

Purpose. Examine and compare constraints to physical activity (PA) among Latinos based on age, gender, income, and self-reported leisure time PA (LTPA). Design. Cross-sectional survey. Partnered with a North Carolina nonprofit advocacy organization who recruited community leaders (promotores) to administer the survey to Latino constituents. Setting. Latino communities in Wake County, North Carolina. Subjects. Respondents (N = 457) were mostly women (58%), with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 11), low income (70% < $39K/year); 78% were born outside the United States, with a majority from Mexico (52%). Measures. Sociodemographics; Stanford Brief PA Survey; constraints on PA were measured with 20 items assessing seven constructs (accessibility, facilities, knowledge, partners, psychologic, safety, and time). Analysis. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-tests, and analysis of variance. Results. Half of the sample was inactive. Eighty-one percent indicated that they would like to be more active and perceived lack of accessibility, partners, and knowledge of PA resources as the most constraining factors. Respondents in low-income categories cited significantly higher psychological and accessibility constraints. Inactive LTPA respondents perceived significantly higher constraints overall, with knowledge and accessibility having the largest effect sizes. No differences were found based on age and gender. Conclusions. This study highlighted that among Latinos, there may be an opportunity to increase activity levels by targeting knowledge about PA resources, increasing access to opportunities for PA, and enhancing the social environment for PA. Such efforts that target these constraints to increase PA may ultimately improve health.

scholarly journals Perceived Cognitive Ability in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Vietnam Era Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Michelle Hilgeman ◽  
John Blosnich ◽  
Yasmin Cypel ◽  
Fatema Akhtar ◽  
Aaron Schneiderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) Veterans report stress (e.g., discrimination under Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policies) and mental health conditions (e.g., depression) that may increase risk for neurocognitive changes like dementia. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be an early indicator of neurocognitive change – yet no known studies have examined SCD in LGB Veterans. Cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) were examined for 260 LGB and 17,796 heterosexual Veterans. VE-HEROeS is the latest probability-based survey of Vietnam Era Veterans (1961–1975) as older adults (2016-2017). SCD was assessed using two subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Instrument Version-3 (FACT-Cog). Good reliability was observed in this sample: Cronbach’s alpha =.94 for the 7-item Perceived Cognitive Abilities subscale and .88 for the 4-item Comments from Others. Analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. LGB Veterans were slightly younger (M=68.3, range 59-84) than heterosexual Veterans (M=69.1, range 58-99, p=.03); were more likely to be female (13% vs 3%, p&lt;.01); and had fewer people living in the household (M=1.7 vs. M=2.1, p&lt;.01). LGB Veterans were also more likely than heterosexual Veterans to report feeling depressed most or all of the time over the past 30 days (5.7% vs. 3.6%, respectively, p&lt;0.01) on a single 5-point Likert-scale. SCD indicators did not vary by Veteran sexual orientation (M=19.69 and M=19.69; M=14.2 and M=14.1) and were elevated compared to published studies in healthy adult samples. More work is needed to examine neurocognitive risk factors in aging LGB Veterans.

scholarly journals Association between alanine aminotransferase within the normal range and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A nationwide cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242431
Author(s):  
Aayush Visaria ◽  
Suraj Pai ◽  
Alla Fayngersh ◽  
Neil Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Background and aim We sought to determine the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the normal range and mortality in the absence of liver dysfunction to better understand ALT’s clinical significance beyond liver injury and inflammation. Methods A cohort of 2,708 male and 3,461 female adults aged 20–75 years without liver dysfunction (ALT<30 in males & <19 in females, negative viral serologies, negative ultrasound-based steatosis, no excess alcohol consumption) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-III (1988–1994) were linked to the National Death Index through December 31, 2015. Serum ALT levels were categorized into sex-specific quartiles (Females: <9, 9–11, 11–14, ≥14 IU/L, Male: <12, 12–15, 15–20, ≥20 U/L). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for covariates and accounting for the complex survey design. Results Relative to males in the lowest quartile (Q1), males in the highest quartile (Q4) had 44% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.42, 0.74]). Females in Q4 had 45% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR [95% CI]: 0.55 [0.40, 0.77]). Males with BMI <25 kg/m2 in Q4 had significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality than Q1; however, this association did not exist in males with BMI ≥25 (BMI<25: 0.36 [0.20, 0.64], BMI≥25: 0.77 [0.49, 1.22]). Risk of all-cause mortality was lower in males ≥50 years than in males<50 (age≥50: 0.55 [0.39, 0.77], age<50: 0.81 [0.39, 1.69]). These age- and BMI-related differences were not seen in females. Conclusion ALT within the normal range was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in U.S. adults.

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