scholarly journals Risky motorcycle riding behaviour among young riders in Manipal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Sumit ◽  
Veerle Ross ◽  
Kris Brijs ◽  
Geert Wets ◽  
Robert A. C. Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Total Vehicle ◽  
Motorcycle Rider

Abstract Background Motorcycles are one of the most commonly used transportation modes in low and middle-income countries. In India, motorized two-wheelers comprise 70% of the total vehicle population, and motorcycle users are considered the most vulnerable road users. It is essential to understand the risky riding behaviour and associated factors among the motorcyclists to develop evidence-based traffic safety programs targeting motorcycle riders. The purpose of the current study was two-fold. First, it aimed to determine the appropriate structure of a modified version of the MRBQ among young riders in Manipal, India. Second, it assessed to what extent MRBQ factors were associated with self-reported crash involvement and violations. Methods The motorcycle rider behaviour questionnaire (MRBQ) is a 43-item scale that assesses five aspects of risky motorcycle rider behaviour, i.e., violations, control errors, traffic errors, stunts, and protective equipment. The MRBQ, along with measures of socio-demographic variables and the number of motorcycle crashes, was filled out by 300 young motorcycle riders who were in the age group of 18–25 years and had been riding for at least the past three years (93% males, 92.3% students). Results Five factors emerged out of the MRBQ after an exploratory factor analysis: traffic errors, control errors, stunts, protective equipment, and violations. Cronbach’s alpha for these factors ranged from .66 to .82. Reports of performing stunts and committing violations were positively associated with self-reported near-crash experiences over the past three months. Riders reporting stunts, violations and using a motorcycle of 125-200 cc reported having received more fines in the last three months. These findings were confirmed in both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models. Conclusion The study assessed the factor structure of a modified version MRBQ and the extracted factors associations with self-reported crash involvement. The factor structure revealed in the current study is consistent with MRBQ factor structures found in other countries. However, the support for a relationship between MRBQ factors and self-reported crashes was less significant. The findings suggest that if replicated by future studies, local policymakers are advised to focus on the five MRBQ factors while planning future interventions to achieve a reduction in the number of road crashes among motorcyclists.

Identifying key predictors for the susceptibility of Himalayan glacial lakes to sudden outburst floods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Fischer ◽  
Georg Veh ◽  
Oliver Korup ◽  
Ariane Walz
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Outburst Floods

<p>Despite being a rather rare phenomenon when compared to the occurrence rates of other alpine hazards (e.g. landslides, avalanches), glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) pose a significant threat to downvalley communities in glaciated mountain areas. Characteristically high peak discharge rates and flood volumes, documented to have reached 30,000 m³/s and > 50 million m³ in the past century, not only provide GLOFs with a landscape-forming potential but also killed a reported global total of > 12,000 people and caused severe damage to infrastructures. Extensive glacial covers and steep topographic gradients, coupled with rapidly changing socio-economical implications, make the Hindu-Kush-Himalaya (HKH) a high priority region for GLOF research, even though recent studies suggest an annual occurrence rate of 1.3 GLOFs per year across this range during the past three decades. So far, GLOF research in the greater HKH region has been predominantly focused on the classification of potentially dangerous glacial lakes derived from analysing a limited number of glacial lakes and even fewer reportedly GLOF-generating glacial lakes. Moreover, subjectively set thresholds are commonly used to produce GLOF hazard classification matrices. Contrastingly, our study is aimed at an unbiased, statistical robust and reproducible assessment of GLOF susceptibility. It is based on the currently most complete inventory of GLOFs in the HKH since the 1980’s, which comprises 38 events. In order to identify key predictors for GLOF susceptibility, a total of 104 potential predictors are tested in logistic regression models. These parameters cover four predictor categories, which describe each glacial lake’s a) topography, b) catchment glaciers, c) geology and seismicity in its surroundings, and c) local climatic variables. Both classical binary logistic regression as well as hierarchical logistic regression approaches are implemented in order to assess which factors drive susceptibility of HKH glacial lakes to sudden outbursts and whether these are regionally distinct.</p>

Gardens of Stone: Searching for Evidence of Secularization and Acceptance of Death in Grave Inscriptions from 1900–2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Anderson ◽  
Christine L. Sielski ◽  
Elizabeth A. Miles ◽  
Alexis V. Dunfee
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Attitude Toward Death ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Death Acceptance

From the magnificent to the mundane to the sublime, grave inscriptions serve as remembrances of the dead and provide concrete evidence of the thoughts and values of the day. In this study, 1,214 grave inscriptions ( N = 1,214) dated 1900 to 2009 were examined for evidence of secularization and changes in attitude toward death. Using set criteria, the researchers categorized grave inscriptions in terms of language used (sacred/secular) and acceptance of death (acceptance/other). Binary logistic regression models revealed significantly more use of sacred language and significantly less acceptance of death over the past 110 years. Findings from these analyses suggest that: (a) secularization may not be as pervasive as thought, particularly with respect to death; and (b) as death has become increasingly medicalized and marginalized, society has grown less accepting of the finitude of life. These findings are further discussed in light of the continued evolution of death memorials.

Husband’s Control and Sexual Coercion Within Marriage

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1465-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Kaplan ◽  
Marwan Khawaja ◽  
Natalia Linos
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Egyptian Women

This article examined sexual coercion within marriage in Egypt. Using cross-sectional survey data from a representative sample of married Egyptian women ( N = 5,240), associations between forced intercourse and husband’s control, as well as other relevant sociodemographic factors, were assessed through binary logistic regression models. The lifetime prevalence of forced intercourse was 6.2% and 4.6% during the past year, and husband’s control was significantly associated with forced intercourse during a woman’s lifetime (odds ratio = 3.5) and past year (odds ratio = 2.8). Interventions addressing gender patriarchy and men’s control may decrease incidence of sexual coercion in Egypt and similar contexts.

scholarly journals Identifying the Factors That Increase the Probability of an Injury or Fatal Traffic Crash in an Urban Context in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7464
Author(s):  
Tasneem Miqdady ◽  
Juan de Oña
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Significant Factors

The lack of robust studies carried out on urban roads in developing countries makes it difficult to enhance traffic safety, ensuring sustainable roads and cities. This study analyzes the contribution of a number of explanatory variables behind crashes involving injuries on arterial roads in Irbid (Jordan). Five binary logistic regression models were calibrated for a crash dataset from 2014–2018: one for the full database, and the others for the four main crash causes identified by Jordanian Traffic Police reports. The models show that whatever the crash cause, the three most significant factors linked to an injury or fatality lie in urban road sections that are in large-scale neighborhood areas, have fewer than six accesses per kilometer, and have a low traffic volume (under 500 veh/h/ln). Some of these results agree with previous studies in other countries. Jordan’s governmental agencies concerned with urban road safety might use these results to develop appropriate plans and implement priority actions for each crash cause, in addition to undertaking further research for comparative purposes.

scholarly journals An Examination of Sociocultural Factors Associated With Mammography Screening Among Latina Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Luque ◽  
Yelena N. Tarasenko ◽  
Debbie Chatman Bryant ◽  
Caroline Davila ◽  
Grace Soulen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening Scale

Introduction: The study hypothesized that sociocultural factors would be associated with breast cancer screening within the past 2 years among Latina immigrant women. Method: This study employed a survey design and included 82 Latina immigrant female participants 40 to 64 years of age for the analysis. Two multivariable binary logistic regression models were estimated, one for the sociocultural deterrents and the other for the symptomatic deterrents from the Cultural Cancer Screening Scale. Results: The results indicated two constructs of the Cultural Cancer Screening Scale, sociocultural deterrents (odds ratio = 2.00; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-3.86) and symptomatic deterrents (odds ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.08-2.54), were associated with screening in the past 2 years, when adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the importance of sociocultural factors in Latina immigrant women’s timely mammography screening.

scholarly journals Impact of Husbands’ Healthcare Decision Making on Women’s Future Intention of Using Contraceptives in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Most Sonia Khatun ◽  
AHM Musfiqur Rahman Nabeen ◽  
Md Maidul Husain ◽  
Md Abdus Salam Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Future Intention ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Living Children

The use of contraceptive is important for the reduction of maternal mortality, child mortality and to slow down the high population growth rate. The central objective of this study is to examine the association between husbands‟ involvement with healthcare decision making and women‟s future intention of using contraceptives. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014 data is used for this purpose. To evaluate the association overall and stratified binary logistic regression models are employed as well as the odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence intervals are specified. The adjusted effect of overall model shows that husband‟s involvement with healthcare decision making is significantly negatively associated (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95) with women‟s intention of using contraceptives. The adjusted effects of stratified models also demonstrate that the association is significantly negative among women in rural area, from middle income families, who are Muslim, having more than two living children, having current age 35 to 49, who are unemployed, whose husbands are 1 to 5 years older and secondary educated. These findings can help to address the men‟s role in family planning and to increase the current contraceptive prevalence rate in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(2): 121-127, 2020 (July)

scholarly journals Demographic, Psychological, and School Environment Correlates of Bullying Victimization and School Hassles in Rural Youth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Smokowski ◽  
Katie L. Cotter ◽  
Caroline Robertson ◽  
Shenyang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Level

Little is known about bullying in rural areas. The participants in this study included 3,610 racially diverse youth (average age = 12.8) from 28 rural schools who completed the School Success Profile-Plus. Binary logistic regression models were created to predict bullying victimization in the past 12 months, and ordered logistic regression was used to predict school hassles in the past 12 months. Overall, 22.71% of the sample experienced bullying victimization and school victimization rates ranged from 11% to 38%. Risk factors for bullying victimization included younger students and students experiencing depression and anxiety. Being female, Hispanic/Latino or African American, was associated with lower bullying victimization. Thirty-nine percent of the sample reported a high level of school hassles. Younger students and students with higher levels of anxiety and depression were at increased risk for school hassles. Students from larger schools reported high levels of school hassles, while students from schools with more teachers with advanced degrees reported fewer school hassles.

Development of the Teacher Attitudes Towards Self-Regulated Learning Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinbach ◽  
Heidrun Stoeger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. We describe the development and validation of an instrument for measuring the affective component of primary school teachers’ attitudes towards self-regulated learning. The questionnaire assesses the affective component towards those cognitive and metacognitive strategies that are especially effective in primary school. In a first study (n = 230), the factor structure was verified via an exploratory factor analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis with data from a second study (n = 400) indicated that the theoretical factor structure is appropriate. A comparison with four alternative models identified the theoretically derived factor structure as the most appropriate. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlations with a scale that measures the degree to which teachers create learning environments that enable students to self-regulate their learning. Retrospective validity was demonstrated by correlations with a scale that measures teachers’ experiences with self-regulated learning. In a third study (n = 47), the scale’s concurrent validity was tested with scales measuring teachers’ evaluation of the desirability of different aspects of self-regulated learning in class. Additionally, predictive validity was demonstrated via a binary logistic regression, with teachers attitudes as predictor on their registration for a workshop on self-regulated learning and their willingness to implement a seven-week training program on self-regulated learning.

scholarly journals Association between multimorbidity patterns and disability among older people covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Wenjia Peng ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Xinghui Li ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

Abstract Background Functional disability and multimorbidity are common among older people. However, little is known about the relationship between functional disability and different multimorbidity combinations. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and explore the associations between these patterns and functional disability. Methods We investigated a multi-stage random sample of 1871 participants aged ≥60 years and covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, China. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual. Participants completed scales to assess basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL, respectively). Multimorbidity patterns were identified via exploratory factor analysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted associations between functional disability and number and patterns of multimorbidity. Results Multimorbidity was present in 74.3% of participants. The prevalence of BADL disability was 50.7% and that of IADL disability was 90.7%. There was a strong association between multimorbidity and disability. We identified three multimorbidity patterns: musculoskeletal, cardio-metabolic, and mental-degenerative diseases. The cardio-metabolic disease pattern was associated with both BADL (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.16–1.41) and IADL (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.19–1.68) disability. The mental-degenerative disease pattern was associated with BADL disability (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.40–1.72). Conclusions Multimorbidity and functional disability are highly prevalent among older people covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, and distinct multimorbidity patterns are differentially associated with functional disability. Appropriate long-term healthcare and prevention strategies for older people may help reduce multimorbidity, maintain functional ability, and improve health-related quality of life.

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