Change in exposure of children to second-hand smoke with impact on children’s health and change in parental smoking habits after smoking ban in Bavaria – a multiple cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Concerns about smoking displacement from public places to private amenities aroused following smoking ban implementation in Bavaria in 2008. We analysed children’s exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) before and after the ban, its effect on children’s health and prevalence of active smoking in adults. Methods Six cross-sectional surveys (n = 32,443) on pre-school children in Bavaria were analysed, two surveys before the smoking ban in years 2004 and 2005 (S1 and S2) and four after the ban in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (S4, S6, S7 and S8). Using multivariable logistic regression, we analysed change in children’s intra- and extrauterine SHS exposure and its adverse health effects (Asthma, wheezing, bronchitis and neurodermatitis) as well as change in parental active smoking. Results The response rates were 78% for S1, 73% for S2, 61% for S4, 62% for S6, 56% for S7 and 54% for S8. Odds of parents never smoked at home in presence of children increased significantly from before to after the ban with odds ratios (OR) 1.17 (CI95% 1.01–1.35), 1.65 (CI95% 1.39–1.95), 2.85 (CI95% 2.32–3.51), 2.24 (CI95% 1.84–2.72) and 3.66 (CI95% 2.89–4.63) for S2, S4, S6, S7 and S8, respectively with S1 as reference. Compared to S4, odds of parents who were not actively smoking is significantly higher in S7 (OR = 1.13 (CI95% 1.03–1.24)) and S8 (OR = 1.24 (CI95% 1.13–1.36)). The odds of mothers who never smoked during pregnancy increased over time with OR = 1.22 (CI95% 1.06–1.40) for S2 and 1.57 (CI95% 1.33–1.86) for S8 compared to S1. Adverse health effects related to children’s exposure to SHS are significantly less in S8 compared to S1. Conclusion After 11 years of smoking ban in Bavaria, smoking displacement to homes was disproved. Exposure of children to SHS intrauterine and at home is decreasing. Number of parents who are not actively smoking is increasing over time. Prevalence of health problems in children related to exposure to SHS is decreasing.

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Change in exposure of children to second-hand smoke with impact on children’s health and change in parental smoking habits after smoking ban in Bavaria – a multiple cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-151835/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed El Sharkawy ◽

Alisa Weinberger ◽

Susanne Kutzora ◽

Jonas Huß ◽

Lana Hendrowarsito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Children's Health ◽

Children’S Health ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Smoking Ban ◽

Active Smoking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Children’S Exposure

Abstract Background: Concerns about smoking displacement from public places to private amenities aroused following smoking ban implementation in Bavaria in 2008. We analysed children’s exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) before and after the ban, its effect on children’s health and prevalence of active smoking in adults. Methods: Six cross-sectional surveys (n=32,443) on pre-school children in Bavaria were analysed, two surveys before the smoking ban in years 2004 and 2005 (S1 and S2) and four after the ban in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (S4, S6, S7 and S8). Using multivariate logistic regression, we analysed change in children’s SHS exposure and its adverse health effects (Asthma, wheezing, bronchitis and neurodermatitis) as well as change in parental active smoking. Results: Odds of parents never smoking at home in presence of children increased significantly from before to after the ban with odds ratios (OR) 1.17 (CI 95% 1.01 – 1.35), 1.65 (CI 95% 1.39 – 1.95), 2.85 (CI 95% 2.32 – 3.51), 2.24 (CI 95% 1.84 – 2.72) and 3.66 (CI 95% 2.89 – 4.63) for S2, S4, S6, S7 and S8, respectively with S1 as reference. Compared to S4, odds of parents not actively smoking is significantly higher in S7 (OR= 1.13 (CI 95% 1.03 – 1.24)) and S8 (OR= 1.24 (CI 95% 1.13 – 1.36)). Adverse health effects related to children’s exposure to SHS are significantly less in S8 compared to S1. Conclusion: Smoking displacement to homes after the ban in Bavaria was disproved. Number of parents quitting smoking is increasing over time. Prevalence of health problems in children related to exposure to SHS is decreasing.

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Neighbourhood and dwelling characteristics associated with the self-reported adverse health effects of heat in most deprived urban areas: A cross-sectional study in 9 cities

Health & Place ◽

10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.12.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 8-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Diane Bélanger ◽

Pierre Gosselin ◽

Pierre Valois ◽

Belkacem Abdous

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health

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Assessment of Risks Associated with Short-Term Use of Mefloquine in Canadian Forces Members: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada ◽

10.1177/171516350513800705 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 138 (7) ◽

pp. 42-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Vaillancourt ◽

J. Ma ◽

J. Sampalis

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Canadian Forces ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Military Members ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Media Reports

Background: Media reports have implicated mefloquine as a contributor to adverse health effects experienced by military members serving in areas where chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic. A systematic retrospective review has been undertaken to evaluate the health effects seen in members who received mefloquine for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. Methods: Medical records of Regular Canadian Forces (CF) personnel who served in Somalia between 1992 and 1993 were reviewed by trained data extractors. All health effects recorded during treatment with mefloquine were assigned ICD-10-CA codes. Data extractors also noted if the effect has been reported with mefloquine, and rated the severity of the effect. Cohen's kappa was calculated to determine concordance between extractors, and descriptive statistics used to report the health effects seen. Results: The majority of the 1413 subjects identified were male (96%). A total of 5019 adverse health effects were recorded in the medical records, most of which were mild in severity. At least one adverse effect which could potentially have been related to mefloquine was reported in 74.7% ( n = 1056) of subjects. Of the adverse effects recorded, 21 were classified by the data extractors as major (18 cases affecting the nervous system and 3 cardiovascular system effects). These results are consistent with those reported in other populations. Conclusions: The results of this study have been applied to guide development of policies governing the provision of chemoprophylaxis during subsequent military missions. In particular, resources have been allocated to formalize the counselling provided to members regarding antimalarials and prevention of malaria infection.

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Smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia: findings from a national school-based survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e031164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kuang Hock Lim ◽

Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽

Hui Li Lim ◽

Kee Chee Cheong ◽

Chien Huey Teh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

School Based ◽

Susceptibility To Smoking ◽

Smoking Susceptibility

ObjectiveThe identification of susceptible non-smoking adolescents is an essential step in reducing smoking initiation among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary and secondary schools in Malaysia.Participants11 246 non-smoking school-going adolescents.Outcome measuresThe prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.ResultsApproximately 14% of non-smokers were susceptible to smoking, and the prevalence of susceptibility was significantly higher among males, ever-smokers and e-cigarette users. The odds of susceptibility to smoking were higher among males, e-cigarette users, those aged 12 years and under and those who had ever smoked or tried cigarettes. Students from schools with educational programmes on the health effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and who perceived smoking to be harmful were less likely to be susceptible to smoking.ConclusionSmoking susceptibility is prevalent among school-going adolescents. A comprehensive approach that enhances or reinforces health education programmes on the adverse health effects of smoking and SHS among school children, that considers multiple factors and that involves all stakeholders is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking susceptibility among vulnerable subgroups, as identified from the present findings.

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Adverse Health Effects and Unhealthy Behaviors among Medical Students Using Facebook

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/465161 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai ◽

Kurubaran Ganasegeran ◽

Mustafa Ahmed Mahdi Al-Shagga ◽

Hematram Yadav ◽

John T. Arokiasamy

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Health Effects ◽

Private University ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health ◽

The Family ◽

Facebook Use ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Little is known about the relationships between adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors among medical students using Facebook. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors with Facebook use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a private university in Malaysia among 316 medical students. A self-administered questionnaire was used. It included questions on sociodemographics, pattern of Facebook use, social relationship, unhealthy behaviors, and health effects. Mean age was 20.5 (±2.7) years. All students had a Facebook account. The average daily Facebook surfing hours were 2.5 (±1.7). Significant associations were found between average hours of Facebook surfing and the following factors: isolation from family members and community, refusing to answer calls, musculoskeletal pain, headache, and eye irritation (P<0.005). The average hours spent on Facebook were significantly associated with holding urination and defecation while online, surfing Facebook until midnight, and postponing, forgetting, or skipping meals (P<0.005). The average hours spent on Facebook were associated with adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors among medical students, as well as social isolation from the family and community.

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Awareness of Adverse Health Effects of Silica Dust Exposure Among Stone Quarry Workers in Ghana

10.20944/preprints202104.0168.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dzifa Francis Ahadzi

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Work Experience ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Dust Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Silica Dust ◽

Adverse Health

Background: Work experience is a key factor that influences safety awareness among workers. This study investigated the influence of work experience on the level of awareness on adverse health effects of silica dust exposure among stone quarry workers in Ghana while controlling for theoretically relevant compositional and contextual factors, evaluated the magnitude and order of association between the predictors and the predicted variable. Method: A cross-sectional survey data of 524 randomly selected stone quarry workers were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses. Results: Stone quarry workers who had 6 to10 years and more than 10 years of work experience were 48% (OR = 1.475, P = 0.021) and 82% (OR = 1.816, P = 0.003) respectively more likely to be aware of the adverse health effects of silica dust exposure compared to their counterparts who had 1 to 5 years work experience. Conclusion: These findings provide relevant information for managers and policymakers to plan and maximize awareness on silica dust health hazards among silica exposed workers.

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