scholarly journals Smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia: findings from a national school-based survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Hock Lim ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Hui Li Lim ◽  
Kee Chee Cheong ◽  
Chien Huey Teh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility

ObjectiveThe identification of susceptible non-smoking adolescents is an essential step in reducing smoking initiation among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary and secondary schools in Malaysia.Participants11 246 non-smoking school-going adolescents.Outcome measuresThe prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.ResultsApproximately 14% of non-smokers were susceptible to smoking, and the prevalence of susceptibility was significantly higher among males, ever-smokers and e-cigarette users. The odds of susceptibility to smoking were higher among males, e-cigarette users, those aged 12 years and under and those who had ever smoked or tried cigarettes. Students from schools with educational programmes on the health effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and who perceived smoking to be harmful were less likely to be susceptible to smoking.ConclusionSmoking susceptibility is prevalent among school-going adolescents. A comprehensive approach that enhances or reinforces health education programmes on the adverse health effects of smoking and SHS among school children, that considers multiple factors and that involves all stakeholders is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking susceptibility among vulnerable subgroups, as identified from the present findings.

Assessment of Risks Associated with Short-Term Use of Mefloquine in Canadian Forces Members: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 42-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vaillancourt ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
J. Sampalis
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Canadian Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Media Reports

Background: Media reports have implicated mefloquine as a contributor to adverse health effects experienced by military members serving in areas where chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic. A systematic retrospective review has been undertaken to evaluate the health effects seen in members who received mefloquine for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. Methods: Medical records of Regular Canadian Forces (CF) personnel who served in Somalia between 1992 and 1993 were reviewed by trained data extractors. All health effects recorded during treatment with mefloquine were assigned ICD-10-CA codes. Data extractors also noted if the effect has been reported with mefloquine, and rated the severity of the effect. Cohen's kappa was calculated to determine concordance between extractors, and descriptive statistics used to report the health effects seen. Results: The majority of the 1413 subjects identified were male (96%). A total of 5019 adverse health effects were recorded in the medical records, most of which were mild in severity. At least one adverse effect which could potentially have been related to mefloquine was reported in 74.7% ( n = 1056) of subjects. Of the adverse effects recorded, 21 were classified by the data extractors as major (18 cases affecting the nervous system and 3 cardiovascular system effects). These results are consistent with those reported in other populations. Conclusions: The results of this study have been applied to guide development of policies governing the provision of chemoprophylaxis during subsequent military missions. In particular, resources have been allocated to formalize the counselling provided to members regarding antimalarials and prevention of malaria infection.

scholarly journals Adverse Health Effects and Unhealthy Behaviors among Medical Students Using Facebook

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai ◽  
Kurubaran Ganasegeran ◽  
Mustafa Ahmed Mahdi Al-Shagga ◽  
Hematram Yadav ◽  
John T. Arokiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Little is known about the relationships between adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors among medical students using Facebook. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors with Facebook use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a private university in Malaysia among 316 medical students. A self-administered questionnaire was used. It included questions on sociodemographics, pattern of Facebook use, social relationship, unhealthy behaviors, and health effects. Mean age was 20.5 (±2.7) years. All students had a Facebook account. The average daily Facebook surfing hours were 2.5 (±1.7). Significant associations were found between average hours of Facebook surfing and the following factors: isolation from family members and community, refusing to answer calls, musculoskeletal pain, headache, and eye irritation (P<0.005). The average hours spent on Facebook were significantly associated with holding urination and defecation while online, surfing Facebook until midnight, and postponing, forgetting, or skipping meals (P<0.005). The average hours spent on Facebook were associated with adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors among medical students, as well as social isolation from the family and community.

scholarly journals Change in exposure of children to second-hand smoke with impact on children’s health and change in parental smoking habits after smoking ban in Bavaria – a multiple cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Sharkawy ◽  
Stefanie Heinze ◽  
Lana Hendrowarsito ◽  
Alisa Weinberger ◽  
Jonas Huß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Concerns about smoking displacement from public places to private amenities aroused following smoking ban implementation in Bavaria in 2008. We analysed children’s exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) before and after the ban, its effect on children’s health and prevalence of active smoking in adults. Methods Six cross-sectional surveys (n = 32,443) on pre-school children in Bavaria were analysed, two surveys before the smoking ban in years 2004 and 2005 (S1 and S2) and four after the ban in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (S4, S6, S7 and S8). Using multivariable logistic regression, we analysed change in children’s intra- and extrauterine SHS exposure and its adverse health effects (Asthma, wheezing, bronchitis and neurodermatitis) as well as change in parental active smoking. Results The response rates were 78% for S1, 73% for S2, 61% for S4, 62% for S6, 56% for S7 and 54% for S8. Odds of parents never smoked at home in presence of children increased significantly from before to after the ban with odds ratios (OR) 1.17 (CI95% 1.01–1.35), 1.65 (CI95% 1.39–1.95), 2.85 (CI95% 2.32–3.51), 2.24 (CI95% 1.84–2.72) and 3.66 (CI95% 2.89–4.63) for S2, S4, S6, S7 and S8, respectively with S1 as reference. Compared to S4, odds of parents who were not actively smoking is significantly higher in S7 (OR = 1.13 (CI95% 1.03–1.24)) and S8 (OR = 1.24 (CI95% 1.13–1.36)). The odds of mothers who never smoked during pregnancy increased over time with OR = 1.22 (CI95% 1.06–1.40) for S2 and 1.57 (CI95% 1.33–1.86) for S8 compared to S1. Adverse health effects related to children’s exposure to SHS are significantly less in S8 compared to S1. Conclusion After 11 years of smoking ban in Bavaria, smoking displacement to homes was disproved. Exposure of children to SHS intrauterine and at home is decreasing. Number of parents who are not actively smoking is increasing over time. Prevalence of health problems in children related to exposure to SHS is decreasing.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA IN BRAZILIAN ADOLESCENTS: NATIONAL ADOLESCENT SCHOOL-BASED HEALTH SURVEY (PENSE-2012)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413
Author(s):  
Bianca Caroline Elias ◽  
Janiquelli Barbosa Silva ◽  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2012 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), a Brazilian survey applied by a self-reported questionnaire in a representative sample of 9th-grade students. Descriptive and inferential analysis was made based on the demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, food consumption and environmental characteristics potentially associated with asthma. Adolescents who presented wheezing in the last 12 months were considered asthmatic. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted for confounding factors. Significance was defined as p≤0.05. Results: A total of 106,983 adolescents were studied. The prevalence of asthma was 23.2%. The final model was composed of 11 variables that were independently associated with asthma: female sex (OR=1.17), <14 years old (OR=1.12), not living with parents (OR=1.06), the highest number of days consuming ultra-processed foods (OR=1.16), lunch or dinner time without presence of parents or guardians (OR=1.13), meals in front of the TV or while studying (OR=1.18), not having breakfast frequently (OR=1.22), having smoked cigarettes (OR=1.36), having tried alcoholic beverage (OR=1.37), having used illicit drugs (OR=1.29) and having sought health care in the last year (OR=1.67). Conclusions: The results of the present study reinforce the multifactorial characteristic of asthma diagnosis. Prevention and control strategies should focus on groups of adolescents living in inadequate conditions when it comes to family dynamics, food consumption and behavior (drug use).

scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children of a rural community part of a school-based deworming program: a cross-sectional study in the Peruvian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. Errea ◽  
George Vasquez-Rios ◽  
María L. Calderon ◽  
Diego Siu ◽  
Kevin R. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren in the Peruvian Amazon basin are at risk of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of STH (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis) in children from a rural community in the Peruvian Amazon and associated clinical, maternal, sanitation and hygiene factors associated. The community had an active school-based deworming program with mebendazole.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 2–14 years in Iquitos, Peru; by parasitological analysis of their stools through five methods: direct smear examination, Kato-Katz, spontaneous sedimentation in tube, Baermann method modified by Lumbreras and agar plate culture. Mothers of the participating children were also invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire was completed by each participant to collect demographic and epidemiological information of interest.ResultsAmong 124 children, 25.8% (32/124) had one or more STH. Prevalence of A. lumbricoides was 16.1% (20/124); S. stercoralis, 10.5% (13/124); hookworm, 1.6% (2/124) and T. trichiura, 1.6% (2/124). STH in mothers was higher in children with any STH than in children without any STH (36.4% vs 14.1%, p<0.02). Prevalence of the common STH (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm) was higher in children aged 2–5 than in older children (31.6% vs 12.8%; p=0.01). Several hygiene and sanitation deficits were identified; of which walking barefoot was significantly associated with STH infection (OR= 3.28; 95% CI= 1.11–12.07).ConclusionsSTH are highly prevalent in children in this community; A. lumbricoides and S. stercoralis infections were the most frequent. Further studies should aim to understand the persistent high prevalence of common STH in endemic areas where massive drug administration is practiced, and to determine the appropriateness of controlling STH in mothers and S. stercoralis infection. Walking barefoot and other hygiene and sanitation conditions need to be addressed in this community.AUTHOR SUMMARYFew studies assessing soil-transmitted helminth infections in children and their risk factors have yet been conducted in the Peruvian Amazon. Even fewer reports exist from areas where mass drug administration programs have been initiated. In this study we provide insight to the frequency of soil-transmitted helminths in a setting with an ongoing school-based deworming program.Besides the most common soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm), we assessed the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis. Excluding the latter from intestinal helminths studies have often underestimate its frequency and impact in children.We also surveyed for helminth infection in the mothers of the participating children as infection in caregivers could theoretically be associated with infection in children as they both may share same environmental and behavioral factors associated with STH infections. To our knowledge, this is the first Peruvian study assessing children and mother infection together.In addition, our results highlight the suboptimal hygiene and sanitation conditions in which people from this rural community live. It likely represents the situation of other rural Amazonian communities in Peru. Public efforts are needed to provide these populations with dignified living conditions and to follow the equity global health agenda.

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