scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases in the southwest of Iran: profile and baseline data from the Shahrekord PERSIAN Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Majid Shirani ◽  
Arsalan Khaledifar ◽  
Morteza Hashemzadeh ◽  
Kamal Solati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Background Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to identifying prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS) was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude in the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakhtiari population, along with Fars and Turk ethnicity groups. Methods This ongoing cohort, a prospective, large-scale longitudinal study, includes a unique, rich biobank and was conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. SCS is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female, 47.2% male) from both urban (n=7034) and rural (n=3041) areas, and participants will be annually followed up for at least 15 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the SCS, using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using Stata software. Results The prevalence of NCDs was 9.8% for type 2 diabetes, 17.1% for hypertension, 11.6% for thyroid disease, 0.2% for multiple sclerosis and 5.7, 0.9 and 1.3% for ischemic heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs) was higher in women (39.1%) than men (24.9%). The means (standard deviations) of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were 49.5 (9) years, 27.6 (4.6) kg/m2, 115.4 (17.3) mmHg and 96.7 (27.3) mg/dL, respectively. Logistic regression models showed that older age, female gender, living in an urban area, non-native ethnicity, high wealth index, unemployment, obesity, low physical activity, hypertriglyceridemia, high fasting blood sugar, alkaline urine pH and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with increased prevalence of NCDs. Conclusions The SCS provides a platform for epidemiological studies that will be useful to better control NCDs in the southwest of Iran and to foster research collaboration. The SCS will be an essential resource for identifying NCD risk factors in this region and designing relevant public health interventions.

scholarly journals Changes in Diet Quality of Adults Patients with Type Two Diabetes : Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Mahfuzhoh Fadillah Heryanda ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Sudikno Sudikno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Background:   The compliance of Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 influences their risk of complications in type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In Indonesia, AHEI-2010 has not been widely used in evaluating the diet quality in people after diagnosed T2DM.Objectives: To analyze changes in diet quality of adults patients with T2DM. Methods: This study was analyzed using a secondary data from “Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors” by Indonesian Ministry of Health, on 105 adults newly diagnosed with T2DM. The diagnosis of T2DM was assessed based on the results laboratory tests of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥126 mg/dL and 2-hours post-75-g glucose load (2h-PG) ≥200 mg/dL. Dietary intake data was collected twice (at the beginning and the end of monitoring) using a 24-hour recall. The assessment of diet quality uses modified AHEI-2010 USA according to the Indonesians Dietary Guidelines, especially in the portion of the food components.   Results: The total score for diet quality was higher at the beginning of monitoring 54.9 than the end of monitoring 53.3 and there was no statistical significance differences (p≥0.05). The total score from diet quality decreased 1.1 points, 53.4% of subjects showed score deterioration (deteriorating diet quality) and 46.7% showed score improvement (improved diet quality). There was a significant differences at the beginning and the end of monitoring only to components score of red/processed meat (p <0.05).Conclusions: Changes in diet quality that deteriorating over time during monitoring, characterized by a decrease in the total score for diet quality. 

scholarly journals Respiratory and other illnesses among the jute-mill workers in an industrial unit of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 007
Author(s):  
Mir Masudur Rhaman ◽  
M Abu Hana Golam Morshed ◽  
M Abu Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension

Background and aims: Bangladesh produces 33% of the world’s jute and about 40 million people in Bangladesh are directly or indirectly involved in the jute sector. The jute (organic) dust inhalation causes byssinosis and other respiratory illnesses. However, no study has yet addressed the health status of the jute handlers/workers in Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory illnesses among the Jute Mill Workers (JMWs). Additionally, this study tried to find out the overall health status of the JMWs which included presence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and its related risk, which are usually ignored. Study design: A cross-sectional study conducted in a purposively selected jute mill - 40km off from Dhaka City. Of the 5500 workers, a list of 600 workers was provided by the mill authority for enrollment in the study. The investigations included – a) interviewing on socio-demography and clinical history; b) anthropometry (height, weight, waist- and hip-circumference); c) blood pressure measurement; d) estimation of fasting blood glucose and lipids; e) peak flow meter test; f) spirometry; g) high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) and electrocardiography. Results: Of the enlisted 600 jute mill workers, 514 (men / women = 478 / 36) took part in the study. The response rate was 85%. For overall estimate of bio-physical characteristics (n = 514), the means (95% confidence interval) of age, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 44.19 (43.34 – 45.04) years, 24.44 (24.16 – 24.73), 0.90 (0.90 – 0.91), 118.9 (117.4 – 120.4), 79.69 (78.81 – 8/0.54), respectively. Regarding social class and education, 84.4% were from non-affluent (poor) class and 50% were illiterate. About 88% of the JMWs had been working for ≥42 hours a week and 91.6% were exposed to moderate or heavy work (equivalent to ≥60 min walk). The prevalence of breathlessness, tightness of chest and chronic cough were 16.5%, 25.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The restrictive and obstructive pulmonary functions were detected in 7.0% and 0.8% of study population respectively. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 16.5%, diastolic hypertension was 7.2% and diabetes (IFG+DM) was 13.3%. They had increased cardiovascular risks – hypertriglyceridemia (23.9%) and hypercholesterolemia (24.3%). Conclusions: JMWs have been suffering mostly from respiratory illnesses and a substantial number of them suffer from undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. Dyslipidemia was also prevalent as a potential risk factor. The study could not assess ocular, auditory, musculoskeletal and mental health and it suggests that a well designed study should address these health related problems of JMWs. IMC J Med Sci 2019; 13(1): 007

Non-Communicable Diseases During Pregnancy in Haiti: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia von Oettingen ◽  
Isabelle Malhamé ◽  
Rodney Destiné ◽  
Widmise Jacquecilien ◽  
Bidjinie Coriolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Level ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming a challenge worldwide, causing high mortality and morbidity. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of NCDs globally and the highest in the Arabian Gulf region. Epidemiological data indicate that NCDs are responsible for 70 % of all deaths in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs in Saudi Arabia. Methods Data from the Saudi Family Health Survey conducted in 2018 by the General Authority for Statistics were used for this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of NCDs. Moreover, the concentration curve and concentration indices were used to assess inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs. Results Among the 11,527 respondents, the prevalence of NCDs was 32.15 %. The prevalence of NCDs was higher among women and among elderly respondents aged ≥ 60 years. With respect to the determinants of the prevalence of NCDs, the logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of reporting NCDs was lower among people with a higher education (OR: 0.599, 95 % CI: 0.497–0.723, p < 0.01) compared with that of people with an education below the primary school level. Other factors significantly associated with the prevalence of NCDs were age, marital status, nationality, and region of residence. The inequality analysis showed that at the national level, the prevalence of NCDs was concentrated among less educated people (concentration index = − 0.338, p < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. Gender disaggregation showed that both income-based and education-based concentration indices were significantly negative among women, indicating that the prevalence of NCDs is concentrated among women with a lower income level and with less education. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for policymakers to combat both the increasing prevalence of and socio-economic inequalities in NCDs. The government should develop targeted intervention strategies to control NCDs and achieve health equality considering socio-economic status. Future policies should target women and the lower educated population in Saudi Arabia.

Association of Pro-inflammatory Diet With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension; Results From RaNCD Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Arbabi Jam ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Behroz Hamze ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background: Dietary factors and inflammation are associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a developed validated assessment tool. This study was conducted to assessed association of DII with the hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was performed on 9,811 participants of 35 to 65 years of the base-line phase data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study. The DII was calculated using 31 parameters food of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The estimates were performed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.Results: The mean DII scores in healthy participants was -2.32± 1.60, in participant with T2DM, hypertension and both were -2.23± 1.59, -2.45± 1.60 and -2.25± 1.60, respectively (P= 0.011). Pre-inflammatory diet was significantly higher in male compared to female (P<0.001). In the most pro-inflammatory diet was significantly higher BMI (body mass index), triglyceride, energy intake, smokers; and was significantly lower socio-economic status (SES), physical activity and HDL-C compared to the most anti-inflammatory diet. Participants with T2DM, hypertension and comorbidity had a significantly higher mean of anthropometry indices (P<0.001) and lipid profile compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and physical activity, the odds of T2DM in the fourth quartile of DII was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.85) times higher compared to the first quartile of DII. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory diet was weak associations with hypertension. Pro-inflammatory diet was significant associations with increasing T2DM and its related risk factors. Modification of diet and lifestyle is suggested to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities and non-communicable diseases in Serbia: National health survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 926-934
Author(s):  
Svetlana Radevic ◽  
Snezana Radovanovic ◽  
Nela Djonovic ◽  
Ivana Simic-Vukomanovic ◽  
Natasa Mihailovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
National Health ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background/Aim. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health challenge worldwide. Although they are preventable, NCDs are the major global causes of morbidity and mortality, absenteeism, disability and premature death. The aim of this study was to examine socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Serbia. Methods. Data from the 2013 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia was used in this study. There were 13,765 adults interviewed, aged ? 20 years. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses with demographic and socioeconomic determinants of health as independent variables and prevalence of non-communicable diseases as a dependent variable. The minimum level of significance was p < 0.05. Results. Hypertension was the most prevalent NCDs (36.1%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 47.1%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, place of residence, employment status and education were associated with the presence of NCDs. The odds ratio (OR) for age was 1.074 [95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.070?1.077). Women were at a higher risk of NCDs by 58.9% when compared to men (OR = 1.589; 95% 95% CI : 1.467?1.726). Respondents who lived in the rural areas were at a higher risk for NCDs by 14.1% compared to those who lived in urban areas (OR = 1.141; 95% CI : 1.047? 1.244). Odds ratio for unemployment was 1.227 (95% CI: 1.118?1.346). Respondents with primary education were at a higher risk for chronic diseases by 47.1% (OR = 1.471; 95% CI : 1.281?1.687) while those with secondary school were at a higher risk by 27.7% (OR = 1.277; 95% CI : 1.142?1.428) compared to respondents who had higher education. When it comes to Wealth Index, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who belonged to the poor and middle classes were at a higher risk for NCDs (OR = 2.031; 95% CI : 1.819?2.267; OR = 1.473; 95% CI : 1.343? 1.615) compared to respondents who belonged to the rich class. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show statistically significant correlations between the Wealth index and NCDs. Conclusion. Socioeconomic inequalities in health status are the major challenge and should be a target of national health policy in Serbia, not only because they represent social injustice but also because solving the health problems of underprivileged groups of the population can influence improvement of health status of the population as a whole.

scholarly journals Manajemen Deteksi Dini Faktor Resiko Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Isnaeni Rofiqoch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Average Value

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) is one of the causes of death in the world. Indonesia is a developing country that is facing a double burden of diseases, namely infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. NCD can appear without symptoms and show no clinical signs, so many people are not aware of the dangers of NCD disease. The purpose of this comunity service is to provide counseling about NCD and measure blood pressure in an effort to detect NCD Early.This community service uses counseling as a method to increases partner knowledge in early detection of NCD. The average of partners knowledge increase by 42.6%. This is calculated by comparing the pre test average value of 5.70 and the post test average value of 8.20. Implementation of community service can increase the knowledge of the elderly posyandu group of Sokaraja Kulon Village so that the participants have the desire to prevent NCD and find out blood pressure from blood pressure measurement results in order to reduce the causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and have the intention to inform knowledge about Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) to Family, Relatives and Communities.Keywords :Early Detection,Non-Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals New, Emerging, Re-Emerging Tropical Infectious and Non-Communicable Diseases Persistent to the Climate, Landscape, and Environmental Changes on the Grounds of the Urbanizations, Industrializations, and Globalisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Masimalai Palaniyandi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Vector Borne

Historical records evidenced of urban landscape changes, and environmental transitions brought by the improper growths and urban development’s of the urbanisation and industrialization in the developing countries, especially in India, significantly chaotic urban sprawl and industrial growths, and the development of its allied activities for the recent decades, invites new, emerging, re-emerging, and triggers the tropical infectious diseases including vector borne diseases (VBD) as well non-communicable diseases. Urban sprawl has a multiplier effect of growth of unplanned a crowded housing, and industrialization has an impact on the urban landscape with commercial and market development, and roads over large expanses of urban land while little concern for appropriate urban planning. The union government of India is launching to promote 100 mega smart city projects / metropolitan / urban agglomeration across the nation for betterment of the standard of living infrastructure facilities by 2030. The large scale urban landscape architectural changes, land use / land cover changes, environmental transitions, and micro climatic changes in the heart of the urban landscape, and its fringe areas on the consequence of built-up structures, construction of roads transport networks, drainages, commercial buildings, human dwellings, educational buildings, legal and medical health services, income tax professionals, small scale to large scale industries, etc., The census of India, reports highlighted that people mass movements / migration from rural to the urban, and small towns to mega cities are notably accelerating trends for the recent decades mainly for the purposes of occupation, education, trade and commerce, and professional services, generally reasons for male migration, and marriage is the absolute reason for female adults migration. The spatial and temporal aspects of malaria and dengue has been declining trends in rural settings, however, it has been accelerating trends in the urban settings due to the urban buoyant migrants. Urbanization and industrialization effect on urban landscape environment leads to breakdown of sanitations, water-borne diseases associated with inadequate  and unsafe drinking water supply, tendency to use metal, plastic, and mud pots water storage containers, discarded domestic waste misshapen to vector breeding habitats containers, urban heat island, garbage waste disposal, liquid waste from dwellings, and industries, air pollution (dust, pollen and spores suspended as particles, Sulphur Dioxide-SO2, nitrogen oxides-NO, Carbonate-CO3, depletion of Oxygen O2, Ozone-O3, Methane  Gas- CH₄, Lead- Pb,  Mercury- Hg etc.,), exonerated by the industries and urban transport emissions, modern transport / shipping goods and services, and collectively hazard to human health through erratic infectious diseases and vector borne diseases immediately.

Correlation between phq-9 score and physical activity level, risk factors and non-communicable diseases in patients in family medicine clinic

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Zivana Gavric ◽  
Anna Culafic ◽  
Brankica Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Patient Health

AbstractThe work of physicians in primary health care is essential in prevention and early detection of health risk factors. To determine the incidence of depression among patients in family medicine clinics, as well as the correlation between depression, risk factors and NCDs, and to determine correlation between depression (PHQ-9 score) and the level of physical activity. The pilot study was conducted from January to March 2010 on 100 patients using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The family doctor randomly interviewed and measured patients’ weight, height, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol and noted the presence of earlier diagnosed non-communicable diseases. The data for 92 patients were processed according to PHQ-9 and IPAQ guidelines. Out of 92 patients, 59 (64,1%) had PHQ-9 score ≤ 4 which suggests the absence of depression. The PHQ-9 score median was within normal limits, therefore, treatment was not required and there was no difference in PHQ-9 score median between patients with respect to age and sex. The level of physical activity was moderate in 39,1%, heavy in 35,9% and walking as physical activity in 25,0% of patients. Correlation coefficient between PHQ-9 score and MET score (r=−0,241) was statistically significant (p<0,05), as well as between PHQ -9 score and anxiety (r=0,27; p<0,01). Most studies show a correlation between depression and physical activity. It is essential to promote physical activity in order to prevent anxiety, depression and non-communicable diseases.

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