Suture button versus syndesmotic screw in ankle fractures - evaluation with 3D imaging-based measurements

Abstract Background Inadequate reduction of syndesmotic injuries can result in disabling clinical outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare syndesmosis congruity after fixation by syndesmotic screws (SYS) or a suture button system (SBS) using three-dimensional (3D) computed imaging techniques. Methods In a retrospective single-center study, patients with unilateral stabilization of an ankle fracture with a syndesmotic injury and post-operative bilateral CT scans were analyzed using a recently established 3D method. The side-to-side differences were compared for tibio-fibular clear space (∆CS), translation angle (∆α), and vertical offset (∆z) among patients stabilized with syndesmotic screws or suture button system. Syndesmotic malreduction was defined for ∆CS > 2 mm and for |∆α| > 5°. ∆CS and ∆α were correlated with two-dimensional (2D) measurements. Results Eighteen patients stabilized with a syndesmosis screw and 29 stabilized with a suture button system were analyzed. After stabilization, both groups revealed mild diastasis (SYS: mean ∆CS 0.3 mm, SD 1.1 mm vs SBS: mean ∆CS 0.2 mm, SD 1.2 mm, p = 0.710). In addition, both stabilization methods showed slight dorsalization of the fibula (SYS: mean ∆α 0.5°, SD 4.6° vs SBS: mean ∆α 2.1°, SD 3.7°, p = 0.192). Also, restoration of the fibula-to-tibia length ratio also did not differ between the two groups (SYS: mean Δz of 0.5 mm, SD 2.4 mm vs SBS: mean Δz of 0 mm, SD 1.2 mm; p = 0.477). Malreduction according to high ∆α was most common (26% of cases), with equal distribution between the groups (p = 0.234). ∆CS and ∆α showed good correlation with 2D measurements (ρ = 0.567; ρ = 0.671). Conclusion This in vivo analysis of post-operative 3D models showed no differences in immediate post-operative alignment after syndesmotic screws or suture button system. Special attention should be paid to syndesmotic malreduction in the sagittal orientation of the fibula in relation to the tibia in radiological control of the syndesmotic congruity as well as intra-operatively.

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New artery of knowledge: 3D models of angiogenesis

Vascular Biology ◽

10.1530/vb-19-0026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. H135-H143

Author(s):

Eleonora Zucchelli ◽

Qasim A Majid ◽

Gabor Foldes

Keyword(s):

Network Formation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Organ Repair ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are complex processes by which new blood vessels are formed and expanded. They play a pivotal role not only in physiological development and growth and tissue and organ repair, but also in a range of pathological conditions, from tumour formation to chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Understanding the multistep cell-differentiation programmes and identifying the key molecular players of physiological angiogenesis/vasculogenesis are critical to tackle pathological mechanisms. While many questions are yet to be answered, increasingly sophisticated in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models of angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, together with cutting-edge imaging techniques, allowed for recent major advances in the field. This review aims to summarise the three-dimensional models available to study vascular network formation and to discuss advantages and limitations of the current systems.

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Prevascularized, Co-Culture Model for Breast Cancer Drug Development

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80409 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren Marshall ◽

Isabel Löwstedt ◽

Paul Gatenholm ◽

Joel Berry

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Drug Development ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Tumor ◽

3D Models ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Anti Cancer

The objective of this study was to create 3D engineered tissue models to accelerate identification of safe and efficacious breast cancer drug therapies. It is expected that this platform will dramatically reduce the time and costs associated with development and regulatory approval of anti-cancer therapies, currently a multi-billion dollar endeavor [1]. Existing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro and in vivo animal studies required for identification of effective cancer therapies account for much of the high costs of anti-cancer medications and health insurance premiums borne by patients, many of whom cannot afford it. An emerging paradigm in pharmaceutical drug development is the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell/biomaterial models that will accurately screen novel therapeutic compounds, repurpose existing compounds and terminate ineffective ones. In particular, identification of effective chemotherapies for breast cancer are anticipated to occur more quickly in 3D in vitro models than 2D in vitro environments and in vivo animal models, neither of which accurately mimic natural human tumor environments [2]. Moreover, these 3D models can be multi-cellular and designed with extracellular matrix (ECM) function and mechanical properties similar to that of natural in vivo cancer environments [3].

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The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5499

Author(s):

Hannah L. Smith ◽

Stephen A. Beers ◽

Juliet C. Gray ◽

Janos M. Kanczler

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

3D Models ◽

In Ovo ◽

Future Directions ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

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In vivo analysis and three-dimensional visualisation of blood flow patterns at vascular end-to-side anastomoses

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/s1078-5884(05)80108-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 168-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N.H. Staalsen ◽

M. Ulrich ◽

W.Y. Kim ◽

E.M. Pedersen ◽

T.V. How ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Flow Patterns ◽

In Vivo Analysis ◽

Blood Flow Patterns

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Masticatory biomechanics in the rabbit: a multi-body dynamics analysis

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2014.0564 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (99) ◽

pp. 20140564 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Peter J. Watson ◽

Flora Gröning ◽

Neil Curtis ◽

Laura C. Fitton ◽

Anthony Herrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Body Dynamics ◽

Masticatory System ◽

Muscle Groups ◽

Muscle Activations ◽

Multi Body

Multi-body dynamics is a powerful engineering tool which is becoming increasingly popular for the simulation and analysis of skull biomechanics. This paper presents the first application of multi-body dynamics to analyse the biomechanics of the rabbit skull. A model has been constructed through the combination of manual dissection and three-dimensional imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and micro-computed tomography). Individual muscles are represented with multiple layers, thus more accurately modelling muscle fibres with complex lines of action. Model validity was sought through comparing experimentally measured maximum incisor bite forces with those predicted by the model. Simulations of molar biting highlighted the ability of the masticatory system to alter recruitment of two muscle groups, in order to generate shearing or crushing movements. Molar shearing is capable of processing a food bolus in all three orthogonal directions, whereas molar crushing and incisor biting are predominately directed vertically. Simulations also show that the masticatory system is adapted to process foods through several cycles with low muscle activations, presumably in order to prevent rapidly fatiguing fast fibres during repeated chewing cycles. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of a validated multi-body dynamics model for investigating feeding biomechanics in the rabbit, and shows the potential for complementing and eventually reducing in vivo experiments.

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EP09 COMPARISON OF THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS AND IN VIVO ANALYSIS OF THE TRICUSPID VALVE DURING MITRAL VALVE SURGERY

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.2459/01.jcm.0000549947.24724.ca ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. e36

Author(s):

M. Pettinari ◽

L. De Kerchove ◽

A. Pasquet ◽

J. Vanoverschelde ◽

G. El-Khoury

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Tricuspid Valve ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mitral Valve Surgery ◽

Valve Surgery ◽

In Vivo Analysis

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In-Vivo Analysis of Selectively Flexible Mitral Annuloplasty Rings Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.01.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 2005-2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Khurram Owais ◽

Han Kim ◽

Kamal R. Khabbaz ◽

Remco Bergman ◽

Robina Matyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Mitral Annuloplasty ◽

In Vivo Analysis ◽

Dimensional Echocardiography ◽

Three Dimensional Echocardiography

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Three-Dimensional Alternatives to Lithic Illustration

Advances in Archaeological Practice ◽

10.7183/2326-3768.2.4.285 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 285-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Matthew Magnani

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Scientific Publication ◽

Stone Tools ◽

Skill Level ◽

Time Commitment ◽

Artistic Rendering

AbstractAlthough alternatives have become available, pen and ink drawings of stone tools dominate archaeological publications. Despite the existence of a conventional illustration framework, the work produced by illustrators can be inconsistent and hinges on skill level and time commitment. Discussions going back to the 1880s critically question the use of illustrations for the purpose of scientific publication. Alternatives, such as laser scanning and photogrammetric modeling, are now available for displaying lithics. These alternatives can remove the subjectivity involved in artistic rendering, creating replicable results, regardless of who is collecting the data. In addition to creating more regularized and objective representations, there are a significant number of analytical and other benefits to adopting novel imaging techniques to depict stone tools in publications. A set of three-dimensional (3D) models are presented here to demonstrate the capabilities of laser scanning and, potentially, photogrammetric modeling as replacements for lithic illustration.

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Prowling wolves in sheep's clothing: the search for tumor stem cells

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/bc.2008.094 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 389 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ibrahim Alkatout ◽

Dieter Kabelitz ◽

Holger Kalthoff ◽

Sanjay Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Tumor Initiation ◽

Tumor Initiating Cells ◽

Resource Guide ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Biological Fate ◽

Surface Protein Expression

AbstractThe importance of a subset of cells which have ‘stem like’ characteristics and are capable of tumor initiation has been reported for a range of tumors. Isolation of these tumor-initiating cells (TICs) has largely been based on differential cell surface protein expression. However, there is still much debate on the functional significance of these markers in initiating tumors, as many properties of tumor initiation are modified by cell-cell interactions. In particular, the relationship between TICs and their microenvironment is poorly understood but has therapeutic implications, as the microenvironment can maintain tumor cells in a prolonged period of quiescence. However, a major limitation in advancing our understanding of the crosstalk between TICs and their microenvironment is the lack of sensitive techniques which allow thein vivotracking and monitoring of TICs. Application of newin vivocellular and molecular imaging technologies holds much promise in uncovering the mysteries of TIC behavior at the three-dimensional level. This review will describe recent advances in our understanding of the TIC concept and how the application ofin vivoimaging techniques can advance our understanding of the biological fate of TICs. A supplementary resource guide describing TICs from different malignancies is also presented.

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