scholarly journals Preliminary feasibility torque mechanical evaluation for 3D printed orthodontic springs with different parameters: in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Othman ◽  
Steven Hartman ◽  
Dragan Ströbele ◽  
Jassin Arnold ◽  
von See
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sydney Australia

Abstract Background The purpose of the presented investigation is to evaluate the resulting torque on loaded 3D printed springs using different coil thickness and length. Methods Specimens were designed and printed using the 3D printer MAX (Asiga, Sydney, Australia) with 3D printable, experimental, flexible material (Code:BM2008, GC, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were divided into three groups according to spring coil design. Control group (n = 18), length group (n = 19) and thickness group (n = 22). Groups were tested using a Sauter Machine for torque calculation (DB, Grindelwald, Switzerland) in conjunction with a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany) for clock-wise and anti-clockwise testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Steel–Dwass test to compare median values of the three groups in both testing directions (p < 0.001). Results The highest torque value was determined in the thickness group for both clockwise and anti-clockwise testing directions, achieving 44.00 N/mm and 39.62 N/mm respectively. The length group ranged from 21.65 to 11.04 N/mm in clockwise direction and from 18.04 to 11.38 N/mm in counter-clockwise testing. The control group ranged from 22.72 to 17.18 N/mm in the clock-wise direction while in the anti-clock wise testing it ranged from 21.34 to 16.02 N/mm. Conclusions The amount of torque produced from the computer aided designing/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) springs is being affected by diameter more than the length design parameter in comparison to the control group. The values of the thickness group are significantly higher than those of the length group (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Torque Mechanical Evaluation for 3D Printed Orthodontic Springs with Different Parameters: Invitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Othman ◽  
Steven Hartman ◽  
Dragan Ströbele ◽  
Jassin Arnold ◽  
Constantin von See
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sydney Australia

Abstract Background: The purpose of the presented investigation is to evaluate the resulting torque on loaded 3D printed springs using different coil thickness and length. Methods: Specimens were designed and printed using the 3D printer MAX (Asiga, Sydney, Australia) with 3D printable, experimental, flexible material (Code:BM2008, GC, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were divided into three groups according to spring coil design. Control group (n=18), length group (n=19) and thickness group (n=22). Groups were tested using a Sauter Machine for torque calculation (DB, Grindelwald, Switzerland) in conjunction with a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany) for clock-wise and anti-clockwise testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Steel-Dwass test to compare median values of the three groups in both testing directions (p<0.001). Results: The highest torque value was determined in the thickness group for both clockwise and anti-clockwise testing directions, achieving 44.00N/mm and 39.62N/mm respectively. For the thickness group values ranged from 21.28N/mm anti-clockwise to 44.00N/mm clockwise. The length group ranged from 21.65N/mm to 11.04N/mm in clockwise direction and from 18.04N/mm to 11.38N/mm in counter-clockwise testing. The control group ranged from 22.72N/mm to 17.18N/mm in the clock-wise direction while in the anti-clock wise testing it ranged from 21.34N/mm to 16.02N/mm. Conclusions: 3D printed springs are being affected by diameter than length as a design parameter compared to the control group. The thickness group values are statistically significant than the length group (P<0.001). Key words: CAD/CAM, 3D printing, Digital Orthodontics, Torque, Springs.

scholarly journals Preliminary feasibility torque mechanical evaluation for 3D printed orthodontic springs with different parameters: invitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Othman ◽  
Steven Hartman ◽  
Dragan Ströbele ◽  
Jassin Arnold ◽  
Constantin von See
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sydney Australia

Abstract Background: The purpose of the presented investigation is to evaluate the resulting torque on loaded 3D printed springs using different coil thickness and length.Methods: Specimens were designed and printed using the 3D printer MAX (Asiga, Sydney, Australia) with 3D printable, experimental, flexible material (Code:BM2008, GC, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were divided into three groups according to spring coil design. Control group (n=18), length group (n=19) and thickness group (n=22). Groups were tested using a Sauter Machine for torque calculation (DB, Grindelwald, Switzerland) in conjunction with a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany) for clock-wise and anti-clockwise testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Steel-Dwass test to compare median values of the three groups in both testing directions (p<0.001). Results: The highest torque value was determined in the thickness group for both clockwise and anti-clockwise testing directions, achieving 44.00N/mm and 39.62N/mm respectively. The length group ranged from 21.65N/mm to 11.04N/mm in clockwise direction and from 18.04N/mm to 11.38N/mm in counter-clockwise testing. The control group ranged from 22.72N/mm to 17.18N/mm in the clock-wise direction while in the anti-clock wise testing it ranged from 21.34N/mm to 16.02N/mm.Conclusions: The amount of torque produced from the CAD/CAM springs is being affected by diameter more than the length design parameter in comparison to the control group. The values of the thickness group are significantly higher than those of the length group (P<0.001).

Effect of Different Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Materials and Thicknesses on the Fracture Resistance of Occlusal Veneers

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Andrade ◽  
D Stona ◽  
HR Bittencourt ◽  
GA Borges ◽  
LH Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY The aim was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials (IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate) and thicknesses (0.6 mm and 1.5 mm) on the fracture resistance of occlusal veneers. Sixty human third molars were prepared to simulate advanced erosion of the occlusal surface, and the teeth were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n=10) according to the material and thickness used to build the veneers. Ten sound teeth formed the control group. The veneers were adhesively luted and submitted to mechanical cyclic loading (1 million cycles at 200-N load). The fracture resistance test was performed in a universal testing machine. The failures were classified as “reparable” and “irreparable.” According to two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test, the interaction (material × thickness) was significant (p=0.013). The highest fracture resistance was obtained for IPS e.max CAD at a 1.5-mm thickness (4995 N) and was significantly higher compared to the other experimental groups (p&lt;0.05). The lowest fracture resistance was obtained for Vita Enamic at 0.6 mm (2973 N), although this resistance was not significantly different from those for IPS e.max CAD at 0.6 mm (3067 N), Lava Ultimate at 0.6 mm (3384 N), Vita Enamic at 1.5 mm (3540 N), and Lava Ultimate at 1.5 mm (3584 N) (p&gt;0.05). The experimental groups did not differ significantly from the sound teeth (3991 N) (p&gt;0.05). The failures were predominantly repairable. The occlusal veneers of IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate, with thicknesses of 0.6 mm and 1.5 mm, obtained fracture resistances similar to those associated with sound teeth.

scholarly journals Fracture Load of CAD/CAM Fabricated Cantilever Implant-Supported Zirconia Framework: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Ibraheem F. Alshiddi ◽  
Syed Rashid Habib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar ◽  
Salwa Bajunaid ◽  
Nawaf Labban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cantilever Length ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

The fracture resistance of computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM fabricated implant-supported cantilever zirconia frameworks (ISCZFs) is affected by the size/dimension and the micro cracks produced from diamond burs during the milling process. The present in vitro study investigated the fracture load for different cross-sectional dimensions of connector sites of implant-supported cantilever zirconia frameworks (ISCZFs) with different cantilever lengths (load point). A total of 48 ISCZFs (Cercon, Degudent; Dentsply, Deutschland, Germany) were fabricated by CAD/CAM and divided into four groups based on cantilever length and reinforcement of distal-abutment: Group A: 9 mm cantilever; Group B: 9 mm cantilever with reinforced distal-abutment; Group C: 12 mm cantilever; Group D: 12 mm cantilever with reinforced distal-abutment (n = 12). The ISCZFs were loaded using a universal testing machine for recording the fracture load. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test were used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Significant variations were found between the fracture loads of the four ISCZFs (p = 0.000); Group-C and B were found with the weakest and the strongest distal cantilever frameworks with fracture load of 670.39 ± 130.96 N and 1137.86 ± 127.85 N, respectively. The mean difference of the fracture load between groups A (810.49 + 137.579 N) and B (1137.86 ± 127.85 N) and between C (670.39 ± 130.96 N) and D (914.58 + 149.635 N) was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Significant variations in the fracture load between the ISCZFs with different cantilever lengths and thicknesses of the distal abutments were found. Increasing the thickness of the distal abutment only by 0.5 mm reinforces the distal abutments by significantly increasing the fracture load of the ISCZFs. Therefore, an increase in the thickness of the distal abutments is recommended in patients seeking implant-supported distal cantilever fixed prostheses.

scholarly journals Biochemical Interactions Between Polymeric Resins Used for Occlusal Splints and Saliva A pilot study comparing the CAD/CAM technology and the conventional approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Melescanu-Imre ◽  
Mihaela Pantea ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Ana Maria Cristina Tancu ◽  
Maria Greabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Occlusal Splints ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Polymeric Resins

The CAD/CAM technology has been successfully integrated in clinical and laboratory aspects of dental medicine. The present in vitro study focuses on the biochemical interactions between saliva and three types of polymeric resins for occlusal splints. Dental material samples were produced from 3D printed, milled and self-cured resins and were incubated with saliva samples from 20 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 3D printed and milled polymeric resins did not produce any significant changes in oxidative stress parameters (uric acid, TAC, GGT, OXSR-1) or inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6). On the other hand, the self-cured acrylic resin produced a significant decrease in the salivary TAC and uric acid, the most important antioxidants in saliva, affecting the capacity of saliva to protect the oral environment against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Single blinded in-vitro study comparing microleakage between CAD/CAM crowns milled out of feldspathic ceramic and resin nano ceramic, cemented with three resin cements

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-772
Author(s):  
Asa Yazdani Fard ◽  
Zuryati Ab Ghani ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin ◽  
Dasmawati Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Background: Studies on microleakage of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns are abundant. However many of them are inconclusive, especially those using self adhesive cements. Aims: To compare the microleakage between CAD/CAM crowns milled out of feldspathic ceramic and resin nano ceramics, cemented with three resin cements. Materials and Methods: Crown preparation was made on 54 extracted human premolars. Impressions were captured optically using CEREC 3D machine intraoral camera, and crowns were milled from feldspathic ceramic (CEREC® Blocs PC, VITA) and resin nano ceramic (Lava™ Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative, 3M ESPE) blocks. The crowns were then cemented with three cements (n = 9); RelyX™ U200 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement (3M ESPE); NX3 Nexus ® cement with two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Kerr Corporation) or three/multistep etch-and-rinse resin cement, Variolink® II/Syntac Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent). The specimens were kept in water for 24 hours, thermocycled, and then soaked in methylene blue dye for 24 hours, before being sectioned mesiodistally. Microleakage was assessed using a fivepoint scale using stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using ONEWay ANOVA. Results: CEREC® Blocs PC crowns showed significantly less microleakage (p< 0.001) compared to Lava™ Ultimate. RelyX™ U200 showed significantly lower microleakage (p< 0.001) compared to other cements. Combination of Lava™ Ultimate crown cemented with RelyX™ U200 showed the least microleakage (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The microleakage scores were affected by the types of crown and cements. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.764-772

Biomechanical In Vitro Study on the Stability of Patient-Specific CAD/CAM Mandibular Reconstruction Plates: A Comparison Between Selective Laser Melted, Milled, and Hand-Bent Plates

2020 ◽  
pp. 194338752095268
Author(s):  
Robin Kasper ◽  
Karsten Winter ◽  
Sebastian Pietzka ◽  
Alexander Schramm ◽  
Frank Wilde
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Plate Fracture ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Bent Plates ◽  
Cam Systems

Study Design: An experimental in vitro study. Objective: Plate fractures are a recurrent problem in alloplastic mandibular reconstruction. Hypothetically it can be assumed that computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) reconstruction plates have a higher stability than conventional hand-bent plates. The aim of the study was to compare additive and subtractive fabricated CAD/CAM mandibular reconstruction plates as well as conventional plates with regard to their biomechanical properties. Methods: In a chewing simulator, plates of 2 conventional locking plate systems and 2 CAD/CAM-fabricated plate systems were compared. The plates were loaded in a fatigue test. The maximum number of cycles until plate fracture and the plate stiffness were compared. Results: While all conventional plates fractured at a maximum load between 150 and 210 N (Newton) after a number of cycles between 40 000 and 643 000, none of the CAD/CAM plates broke despite a nearly doubled load of 330 N and 2 million cycles. Both CAD/CAM systems proved to be significantly superior to the hand-bent plates. There was no difference between the 2 CAD/CAM systems. Conclusions: Concerning the risk of plate fracture, patient-specific CAD/CAM reconstruction plates appear to have a significant advantage over conventional hand-bent plates in alloplastic mandibular reconstruction.

Evaluation of physical and adhesive properties of enamel after a therapeutic dose of radiation and bonding of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Anushree ◽  
Ashutosh Shetty ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
M. N. Kuttappa ◽  
Akhil Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and adhesive properties of bonded irradiated and non-irradiated teeth. Methods: Sixty-six extracted premolar samples were randomly divided into three groups—(a) Control group consisting of 22 non-irradiated, non-aged teeth (Group 1), (b) 22 non-irradiated, aged samples (Group 2) and (c) 22 irradiated, aged samples (Group 3). Irradiation was done using gamma irradiation with a fractionated dose of 60 Gy for 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks. Metal brackets were bonded on all samples with light cure adhesive and subjected to SBS test using universal testing machine. The samples were assessed under the scanning electron microscope to check for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and tag depth. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean SBS of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated teeth. The non-irradiated, aged samples showed a majority of ARI scoring 1 and 2. Whereas, the irradiated samples showed ARI scoring 2 and 3. Approximately, 77·3% of the non-irradiated samples showed no adhesive present on the tooth surface, and 27·2% of the irradiated samples had more than 50% adhesive present on the enamel surface. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant decrease in SBS of irradiated enamel compared to that of non-irradiated teeth. However, the SBS observed in the three groups was well above the ideal SBS for orthodontic bonding, that is, 5·6–6·8 MPa. The adhesive remnant was found on all samples of the irradiated group. Deeper adhesive resin tags were found in the irradiated group in the resin–enamel interface.

scholarly journals Shear Bond Strength of Three Orthodontic Bonding Systems on Enamel and Restorative Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hellak ◽  
Jennifer Ebeling ◽  
Michael Schauseil ◽  
Steffen Stein ◽  
Matthias Roggendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Bonding Systems

Objective.The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score of two self-etching no-mix adhesives (iBond™and Scotchbond™) on different prosthetic surfaces and enamel, in comparison with the commonly used total etch system Transbond XT™.Materials and Methods. A total of 270 surfaces (1 enamel and 8 restorative surfaces,n=30) were randomly divided into three adhesive groups. In group 1 (control) brackets were bonded with Transbond XT primer. In the experimental groups iBond adhesive (group 2) and Scotchbond Universal adhesive (group 3) were used. The SBS was measured using a Zwicki 1120™testing machine. The ARI and SBS were compared statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test (P≤0.05).Results. Significant differences in SBS and ARI were found between the control group and experimental groups.Conclusions. Transbond XT showed the highest SBS on human enamel. Scotchbond Universal on average provides the best bonding on all other types of surface (metal, composite, and porcelain), with no need for additional primers. It might therefore be helpful for simplifying bonding in orthodontic procedures on restorative materials in patients. If metal brackets have to be bonded to a metal surface, the use of a dual-curing resin is recommended.

Effects of Polishing Bur Application Force and Reuse on Sintered Zirconia Surface Topography

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Fischer ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
AG Baruth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

SUMMARY Objective: Limited information is available on how to polish and finish zirconia surfaces following computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), specifically, how differing application forces and reuse of zirconia polishing systems affect zirconia topography. Purpose: To determine the effect of differing, clinically relevant, polishing application forces and multiple usages of polishing burs on the surface topography of CAD/CAM zirconia. Methods: One hundred twenty 220-grit carbide finished zirconia disks were sintered according to manufacturer's directions and divided into two groups for the study of two coarse polishing bur types. Each group was divided into subgroups for polishing (15,000 rpm) at 15 seconds for 1.0 N, 4.5 N, or 11 N of force using a purpose-built fixture. Subgroups were further divided to study the effects of polishing for the first, fifth, 15th, and 30th bur use, simulating clinical procedures. Unpolished surfaces served as a control group. Surfaces were imaged with noncontact optical profilometry (OP) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure average roughness values (Ra). Polishing burs were optically examined for wear. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on burs and zirconia surfaces. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) tests (α=0.05) were used for statistical analyses. Results: AFM and OP Ra values of all polished surfaces were significantly lower than those of the unpolished control. Different polishing forces and bur reuse showed no significant differences in AFM Ra. However, significant differences in OP Ra were found due to differing application forces and bur reuse between the first and subsequent uses. SEM and optical micrographs revealed notable bur wear, increasing with increasing reuse. SEM and AFM micrographs clearly showed polished, periodic zirconia surfaces. Nanoscale topography, as analyzed with kurtosis and average groove depth, was found dependent on the specific polishing bur type. Conclusions: These in vitro results suggest changes in OP Ra due to bur reuse and polishing application force. Within the parameters of this study, the resultant topography of zirconia polishing is force-dependent and the reuse of coarse polishing burs is possible without statistically significant differences in Ra values after initial use. Nanoscale and microscale topography were shown to depend on specific polishing bur type.

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