Caries incidence of the first permanent molars according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and its determinants in children: a cohort study

Abstract Background There are limited information on caries incidence, especially from developing countries, the aim of the present study was to explore caries incidence in the first permanent molar teeth according to the CAST index in 7- to 8-year-old-children and its socio-demographic, oral health related and diet determinants. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sample of 7–8 years old children was applied in Tehran, Iran. The oral examination using the CAST index and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) performed by trained dentists in 2017 and 2019 calibrated with an expert (Kappa of 0.89 and 0.76, respectively). A 3-day food record was used to record sugary snacks consumption. Oral health related knowledge of the parents was assessed using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0 and descriptive and analytical statistics including the negative binomial regression was applied. Results Two hundred and ninety schoolchildren aged 7–8 years old were followed up for two years. All of them had complete data obtained via oral examination and questionnaires. The annual caries incidence rate was 0.16 and 53% (95% CI 47.4–58.9) of the children developed at least one new dental caries (enamel or dentine) during two years. Multi-variate analysis revealed that the children of mothers with high school education or diploma (IRR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.02–2.12; p = 0.04) and those with low socio-economic status (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.27–2.73; p < 0.001) were more likely to develop caries. There was no significant association between gender, father’s educational level, child birth order, housing area per person, OHI-S score, oral health knowledge of parents, and sugary snacks consumption per day and caries increment at an individual level. Conclusion This 2-year longitudinal study on 7- to 8-year-old children showed that caries incidence according to the CAST index was associated with socio-economic status and mother education but not associated with having 2 or more sugary snack per day and oral hygiene status.

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Effects of time and socio-economic status on the determinants of oral health-related behaviours of parents of preschool children

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00951.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Van den Branden ◽

S. Van den Broucke ◽

R. Leroy ◽

D. Declerck ◽

K. Hoppenbrouwers

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Health Related

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Relationship of Halitosis Concern with Oral Health Behaviors and Knowledge Among Myanmar People

10.31487/j.jdoa.2019.01.03 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Ei Ei Aung ◽

Akiko Oshiro ◽

Takashi Zaitsu ◽

Yoko Kawaguchi

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Sample Population ◽

Oral Health Knowledge ◽

Oral Health Behaviors ◽

Health Related ◽

Age Range ◽

Relationship Of

Objective: The objective of this study was to access the relationship of halitosis concern with oral health behaviors and knowledge among Myanmar people. Methods: This survey was conducted on 257 samples (93 males and 164 females) with the age range from 16 to 65 years old, in Yangon, Myanmar. All the participants filled a questionnaire focusing on halitosis concern, oral health behaviors, and oral health related knowledge. The correlation between halitosis concern and demographic factors, oral health behaviors, and knowledge were analyzed. Results: 91.8% (n=236) of the sample population with the average age of 32-year-old expressed concern about halitosis, and 65.4% have encountered another person’s bad breath. The participants that reported a concern about halitosis were married people (p<0.05). There is a significant relationship between halitosis concern and oral hygiene practice such as regular toothbrushing, use of toothbrush and toothpaste, less use of any form of tobacco and high oral health knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that a person who concerns halitosis had better oral hygiene behaviors and oral health knowledge than those who do not a concern. The prevalence of halitosis concern was high, and there is a need to recommend taking proper halitosis measurements by professionals and to improve public knowledge about halitosis. It is essential to support best practices and empowerment for effective self-care.

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Influence of Socio-economic Status on Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Pensioners in Port Harcourt, Rivers State

International Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.11648/j.ijdm.20170303.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Braimoh Omoigberai Bashiru

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Economic Status ◽

Oral Health Knowledge ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

And Behavior ◽

Rivers State

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Oral Health of Children from the SOS Children’s Village in Croatia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽

Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽

Stjepanka Lesic ◽

Aleksandar Vcev ◽

Marko Matijevic

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Urban Area ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

World Health ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the values of DMFT/DMFS and dft/dfs in the examined groups of children and the assessment of the mothers of the examined groups of children related to the oral health of their children. The research included children from the SOS Children’s Village in Croatia as well as children from biological families from rural and urban areas. The children were examined by the visual–tactile method according to the standardized World Health Organization criteria. dft/DMFT and dfs/DMFS indices were calculated. An analysis of completed questionnaires was made. The children from the SOS Children’s Village demonstrated the lowest mean values of the dft/dfs (2.42/3.31) and DMFT/DMFS (1.61/2.23) indices compared to children from rural and urban areas. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference (p = 0.01) in SiC index values between the examined children. In the groups of children from the SOS Children’s Village and from the rural area compared to the children from the urban area, oral hygiene was singled out as the most important factor in the analysis of the main components. An equally significant factor for all the respondents is the assessment of oral health and eating habits. The least significant factor for the group of children from the SOS Children’s Village is socio-economic status, which is the most significant for the children from the urban area. The children from the SOS Children’s village have the lowest dft/DMFT, dfs/DMFS, and SiC indices. The most important factor influencing oral health in the group of children from the SOS Children’s Village that stands out is oral hygiene, and the least important is the socio-economic status. The assessment of oral health by the SOS mothers does not differ from the assessment of biological mothers of children from rural and urban areas.

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Making a complex dental care tailored to the person: Population health in focus of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362468/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

VV Tachalov ◽

LY Orechova ◽

TV Kudriavtseva ◽

ES Loboda ◽

MG Pachkoria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Care ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Economic Status ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Individual Outcomes

Abstract An evident underestimation of the targeted prevention of dental diseases is strongly supported by alarming epidemiologic statistics globally. For example, epidemiologists demonstrated 100% prevalence of dental caries in the Russian population followed by clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Inadequately provided oral health services in populations are caused by multi-factorial deficits including but not limited to low socio-economic status of affected individuals, lack of insurance in sub-populations, insufficient density of dedicated medical units. Another important aspect is the “participatory” medicine based on the active participation of population in maintaining oral health: healthcare will remain insufficient as long as the patient is not motivated and does not feel responsible for their oral health. To this end, nearly half of chronically diseased people do not comply with adequate medical services suffering from severely progressing pathologies. Noteworthy, the prominent risk factors and comorbidities linked to the severe disease course and poor outcomes in COVID-19 infected individuals, such as elderly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are frequently associated with significantly altered oral microbiome profiles, systemic inflammatory processes and poor oral health. Suggested pathomechanisms consider potential preferences in the interaction between the viral particles and the host microbiota including oral cavity, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Since an aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 – the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease has been proposed as leading to COVID-19 aggravation. Consequently, the issue-dedicated expert recommendations are focused on the optimal oral hygiene as being crucial for improved individual outcomes and reduced morbidity under the COVID-19 pandemic condition. Current study demonstrated that that age, gender, socio-economic status, quality of environment and life-style, oral hygiene quality, regularity of dental services requested, level of motivation and responsibility for own health status, and corresponding behavioural patterns are the key parameters for patient stratification considering person-tailored approach in a complex dental care in the population. Consequently, innovative screening programmes and adapted treatment schemes are crucial for the complex person-tailored dental care to improve individual outcomes and healthcare provided to the population.

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Prevalence of Malocclusion and its Relationship with Socio-demographic Factors, Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status in 12-15 Years Children of Lucknow City

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47914.14945 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Avnica Agarwal ◽

Vamsi Krishna Reddy ◽

Mayank Das ◽

Mohsin Khan ◽

Mandar Todkar

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Economic Status ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Introduction: Oral health diseases and disorders can negatively affect a children’s life. Malocclusion is defined as any irregularity in occlusion beyond the accepted. Malocclusion is the most common oral health problem which can cause dental decay, gum problems, and fluorosis as well. The causes of malocclusion can be genetic or environmental, along with other local factors like negative oral habits, dental abnormalities, shape and size of the teeth. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with socio-demographic factors, dental caries and oral hygiene status in 12-15 years old school children in Lucknow city. Materials and Methods: The present study was the descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post-Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.The study included 12-15 years old school children with sample of 851 students. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic factors, dental caries (World Health Organization (WHO) 2013), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) status and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) (WHO, 1997) to evaluate the relationship with malocclusion. Categorical data was tested for independence using Chi-square test and Multiple Non-Linear Regression analysis was used to find the association of malocclusion with socio-demographic details, oral hygiene status and dental caries and p-value significant was set at <0.05. Results: Total of 851 children participated in the study, out of which 403 were males and 448 were females. Malocclusion prevalence (i.e. DAI >25) among the study population was found to be 23.1%. Malocclusion was found to be significant with age (p-value <0.023), Socio-Economic Status (SES) (p-value<0.001), dental caries (p-value<0.001) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Malocclusion prevalence in the present study was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe (handicapped) malocclusion was 13.6%, 8.1% and 1.4%, respectively. However, positive relationship was found between the age, socio-economic status, OHI and dental caries with DAI.

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Socio-economic status and oral health-related behaviours in Korean adolescents

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.022 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 1780-1788 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Se-Hwan Jung ◽

Georgios Tsakos ◽

Aubrey Sheiham ◽

Jae-In Ryu ◽

Richard G. Watt

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Economic Status ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Health Related

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Experiencing Financial Strain and Clinically Assessed Caries Experience in Dentate Adults Aged 25–44 Years: An Exploration of Potential Pathways

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000511466 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mariëlle A. Beenackers ◽

Jan H. Vermaire ◽

Paula van Dommelen ◽

Annemarie A. Schuller

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Financial Strain ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Dental Visits ◽

Health Related ◽

Preventive Dental

Large socioeconomic inequalities still exist in oral health. It is already known that oral health-related behaviour may contribute to these inequalities, but why people with a lower socioeconomic position behave less healthily is not easily understood. A possible explanation that integrates insights on health behaviour, stress, and financial resources is the pathway of behavioural responses to financial strain. The aim of this study was to assess to what extent financial strain is associated with clinically assessed caries experience in a population-based study of dentate adults, independently of other socioeconomic indicators. Furthermore, the potential mediating pathways of oral health-related behaviours (oral hygiene, dietary habits, preventive dental visits) were explored. Dentate participants, aged 25–44 years, taking part in a survey on oral health and preventive behaviour in the Netherlands in 2013 were clinically examined on – among others – caries experience (DMFS index) and level of oral hygiene (OHI-s index). Financial strain, frequency of tooth brushing, dietary habits, attendance of (preventive) dental visits in the past year, and demographic variables were assessed via questionnaires. Negative binomial hurdle models were used to study the association between financial strain and DMFS and between oral health behavioural indicators and DMFS. Although it was observed that experiencing financial strain did not seem to affect whether there is any caries experience or not, among those having any caries (DMFS >0) suffering from financial strain was associated with a higher caries prevalence, independent of educational level and income. None of the studied potential mediators could explain this association.

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