Comparison of bacterial microleakage of three bioactive endodontic sealers in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions

Abstract Background Bacterial microleakage is an important cause of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the bacterial microleakage of nano-mineral trioxide aggregate (nano-MTA) as a sealer, Endoseal MTA, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers in atmospheric pressure, and simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions. Methods In this in vitro, experimental study, 180 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped, and were then randomly divided into three groups for single-cone obturation using Endoseal MTA, GuttaFlow Bioseal, or nano-MTA as a sealer. Each group was then randomly divided into three subgroups, and subjected to ambient atmospheric pressure, 2 atm pressure (to simulate underwater diving), and 0.5 atm pressure (to simulate aviation) using a custom-made pressure chamber. The teeth then underwent microbial leakage test using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the percentage of samples showing microleakage was recorded for up to 1 month, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results The three sealer groups were significantly different regarding bacterial microleakage (P < 0.05). The nano-MTA group showed significantly higher microleakage after 15 days than the other two groups (P = 0.006). The effect of pressure on bacterial microleakage was not significant in any sealer group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that single-cone obturation technique using nano-MTA as a sealer results in lower resistance to bacterial microleakage compared with the use of GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Endoseal MTA. Pressure changes in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions had no significant effect on bacterial microleakage. Trial Registration Number This is not a human subject research.

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Comparison of bacterial microleakage of three bioactive endodontic sealers in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112668/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Dastorani ◽

Behnam Malekpour ◽

Mohsen AminSobhani ◽

Mohammadsadegh Alemrajabi ◽

Arezoo Mahdian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Human Subject Research ◽

Chi Square ◽

Single Cone ◽

Registration Number ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

Endodontic Sealers

Abstract Background: Bacterial microleakage is an important cause of apical periodontitis and failure of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the bacterial microleakage of nano-mineral trioxide aggregate (nano-MTA) as a sealer, Endoseal MTA, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers in atmospheric pressure, and simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions. Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 180 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped, and were then randomly divided into three groups for single-cone obturation using Endoseal MTA, GuttaFlow Bioseal, or nano-MTA as a sealer. Each group was then randomly divided into three subgroups, and subjected to ambient atmospheric pressure, 2 atm pressure (to simulate underwater diving), and 0.5 atm pressure (to simulate aviation). The teeth then underwent microbial leakage test using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the percentage of samples showing microleakage was recorded for up to 1 month, and analyzed using the Chi-square test.Results: The three sealer groups were significantly different regarding bacterial microleakage (P<0.05). The nano-MTA group showed significantly higher microleakage after day 15 than the other two groups (P=0.006). The effect of pressure on bacterial microleakage was not significant in any sealer group (P>0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that single-cone obturation technique using nano-MTA as a sealer results in lower resistance to bacterial microleakage compared with the use of GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Endoseal MTA. Pressure changes in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions had no significant effect on bacterial microleakage. Trial Registration Number: This is not a human subject research.

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Incidences of Root Microcracks Caused by Hand and Rotary File System at Different Lengths

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0309.12004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 283-289

Author(s):

Shuchi Sukul ◽

Goldy Rathee ◽

Parimal Anand ◽

Sakshi Kataria ◽

Pratibha Taneja

Keyword(s):

File System ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

File Systems ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Surface ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group B

OBJECTIVES: The present research was conducted to assess incidences of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths MATERIAL AND METHODS: This in-vitro study was undertaken to assess incidence of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths In total, 100 the mandibular premolar with straight roots determined with intact, fully formed apices were taken. Samples were randomly distributed into 5 groups based on the file system used: a) Group A: Control, b) Group B: Reciproc, c) Group C: WaveOne, d) Group D: One Shape and e) Group E: ProTaper. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between groups. The dentinal defects were expressed as percentage of samples with microcracks in each group. Level of statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The chi square test was used to compare the Distribution of the number of teeth in which cracks were observed on the horizontal sections. It was found to be significant with group ProTaper showing maximum cracks at 3,6,9 mm level as compared to other file systemCONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium instruments causes cracks on the apical root surface or in the root canal wall. ProTaper causes maximum dentinal cracks as compared to other file systems

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126 EFFECT OF ASSISTED HATCHING ON THE SURVIVAL AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv20n1ab126 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

J. Fukuhara ◽

T. Takuma ◽

S. Kasa ◽

K. Imai

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Assisted Hatching ◽

Chi Square ◽

Conventional Procedure ◽

Custom Made ◽

Frozen Embryos ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Functional Peptides

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of assisted hatching (AH) by partial zona pellucida (ZP) dissection on the survival and the development of bovine IVP embryos after ultra-rapid vitrification and slow freezing. COC obtained from abattoir bovine ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro, and then cultured in IVD101 (Research Institute for the Functional Peptides, Yamagata, Japan) at 38.5�C in 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2. The treatment of AH was done on compacted morulae by partially dissecting ZP with a micromanipulator. As a control, non-treated embryos with intact ZP were used. For vitrification, the blastocysts at days 7 and 8 were placed into a vitrification solution (Dulbecco's PBS (D-PBS) supplemented with 20% glycerol, 20% ethylene glycol (EG), 0.3 m sucrose (SUC), 0.3 m xylose, and 3% polyethylene glycol) for 30 s after two-step equilibration. Then, they were immediately placed on a custom-made vitrification tool made of nylon fishing line with a small piece of iron attached to one end (V-tool), and immersed into liquid nitrogen (LN2). After cooling, the embryos on the V-tool were placed into frozen 0.25 mL straws filled with a diluting solution (D-PBS supplemented with 0.5 m SUC and 20% new born calf serum) using a magnet, and then they were preserved in LN2. For warming, the straws were immersed into 25�C water. The V-tool was then introduced into the column of diluting solution using a magnet. For freezing, the blastocysts at days 7 and 8 were frozen by the conventional procedure with 10% EG. For thawing, the straws were immersed into 30�C water. In this study, 120 embryos were vitrified and 128 embryos were frozen. Warmed and thawed embryos were washed more than two times, and cultured in TCM199 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 0.1 mm β-mercaptoethanol for 72 h for assessment of survivability and developmental capacity of post-thaw embryos. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test. The survival rates of vitrified embryos were the same with or without AH (81.1 and 82.0%, P > 0.05). The survival rates of frozen embryos were also the same with or without AH (76.3 and 66.7%, P > 0.05). The survival rates of vitrified embryos without AH was significantly higher than that of frozen embryos without AH (82.0 v. 66.7%, P < 0.05). The hatched rates of frozen embryos without AH were significantly lower than that of frozen embryos with AH and those of vitrified embryos with and without AH (43.5 v. 64.4%, 67.9 and 68.9%, P < 0.05). These results indicated that AH enhanced the development of frozen bovine IVP embryos and that our vitrification method using a V-tool did not require AH for development of embryos.

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Evaluation of equine corneal endothelium after exposure to 0.05% brilliant blue - an in vitro study

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9969 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1158-1164

Author(s):

M.C.C. Andrade ◽

T.M. Moreno ◽

M.S. Muccillo ◽

J.A.T. Pigatto ◽

E.V. Camilo

Keyword(s):

Corneal Endothelium ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Brilliant Blue ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of 0.05% brilliant blue on corneal endothelium of horses. Thirty-eight corneas of 19 horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. Corneas were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Corneal endothelium was covered with 0.3mL of brilliant blue 0.05% for 60 seconds followed by rinsing with a balanced salt solution. Group 2: Corneal endothelium was covered with BSS for 60 seconds. The corneas were excised with an 8mm trephine and prepared to analyze posterior endothelial surface using a light microscope (24 corneas) and a scanning electron microscope (14 corneas). The equine posterior corneal endothelium surface observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous layer of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape in both the control and treatment groups. Due to non-normal residuals at ANOVA mean comparison, a generalized linear model was utilized at 5% level of significance. The chi-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different statistically. The 0.05% brilliant blue did not cause damage to equine corneal endothelium.

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Effect of Two Microshear Test Devices on Bond Strength and Fracture Pattern in Primary Teeth

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302298 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 605-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽

Eugenio Jose Garcia ◽

Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares ◽

Rachel de Oliveira Rocha ◽

Rosa Helena Miranda Grande

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Failure Mode ◽

Failure Modes ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Chi Square ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Chi Square Test

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of two devices for application of shear load in microshear tests on bond strength and fracture pattern of primary enamel and dentin. Eighty primary molars were selected and flat enamel (40 teeth sectioned mesio-distally) and dentin (40 teeth sectioned transversally) surfaces were obtained. Both surfaces were polished to standardize the smear layer. Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond and XP Bond) were used. Polyethylene tubes was placed over the bonded surfaces and filled with composite resin. The microshear testing was performed after storage in water (24 h/37 °C) using two devices for application of microshear loads: a notched rod (Bisco Shear Bond Tester) or a knife edge (Kratos Industrial Equipment). Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were subjected to ANOVA and chi-square test to compare the failure mode distributions (α=0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for dentin and enamel bond strength or fracture patterns (p>0.05). The predominant failure mode was adhesive/mixed. In conclusion, the devices for application of shear loads did not influence the bond strength values, regardless of adhesive system and substrate.

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In vitro study on the effect of antibiotic combinations on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

Asian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.35119/asjoo.v17i2.533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 147-155

Author(s):

Bhupinder Pal Kaur ◽

Shamim Ahmad ◽

Humayoun Ashraf ◽

Giby Thachil

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Broth Dilution

Purpose: Effect of combination of various antibiotics on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. Study design: Experimental study. Methods: The biofilm-producing strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery before instillation of any antibiotic. The strains were subjected to sensitivity test to various antibiotic combinations. The most effective agent was selected and its minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution method. The statistics wereperformed using SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp.) and Chi square test. Results: A total of 22 biofilm-positive samples were obtained. The combinations of vancomycin with ceftazidime (p < 0.05) followed by moxifloxacin with cefuroxime (p < 0.05) were found to be the most effective. Antibiofilm activity was also shown by other antibiotic combination. The minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and ceftazidime in 11 samples was 2.5 and 2.8 mg/ml, while in the rest of the samples, it was 2.5 and 5.6 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of moxifloxacin and cefuroxime was 0.125 and 2.81 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, we conclude that antibiotics are effective in eradicating biofilms.

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46 Effect of the addition of α-tocopherol to in vitro maturation media of bovine oocytes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Theisy P Acosta Pérez

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cumulus Expansion ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

System Data

Abstract α-tocopherol is known to be a powerful antioxidant, in this regard, it was added to bovine oocyte in vitro maturation media to evaluate its effect on oocyte maturation. Oocytes (n = 624) aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered cows were classified by quality and divided in four categories according to cytoplasm appearance and cumulus cells layers. Oocytes were washed in TCM-199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and FSH, then distributed in maturation media (TCM-199 supplemented with FBS, FSH and gentamicin). Three experimental groups of α-tocopherol (50, 100 and 200 mM) and a control group without α-tocopherol were used. Maturation was carried 22 h at 38.5°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Oocytes were examined to determine cumulus expansion as categorical data (expansion or no expansion), as well as cumulus expansion Index (CEI). For CEI determination oocytes were graded 0 to 4, being 0 those with null expansion and 4 those with a noticeable cell expansion, then the number of oocytes were multiplied by the grade given and a sum of the totals was obtained, the new total was divided by the total of oocytes in the group and the result obtained corresponded to the CEI of the group. Results were analyzed with Chi Square test (for maturation rates) and an ANOVA (for the CEI) using the SAS system, data are presented as mean ± standard error. There was no statistical difference between control and α-tocopherol groups (P >0.05). Numerically, the control group showed a higher maturation rate (100%) and obtained a higher CEI (2.44±0.20), followed by the 50 mM group (98.16%; 2.39±0.13), the groups 200 mM (97.40%; 2.00±0.14) and 100 mM (96.25%; 2.06±0.24) were the lowest. The addition of the minimum concentration (50 mM) of α-tocopherol to the maturation media could improve maturation rates without exposing oocytes to toxic effects.

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Potential of different fluoride gels to prevent erosive tooth wear caused by gastroesophageal reflux

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01548-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Luca Georgis ◽

Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian J. Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Control Group ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bovine Enamel

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Orthodontic Aligner Incorporating Eucommia ulmoides Exerts Low Continuous Force: In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13184085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4085

Author(s):

Sayuri Inoue ◽

Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽

Hiroshi Uyama ◽

Takashi Yamashiro ◽

Satoshi Imazato

Keyword(s):

Water Immersion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Custom Made ◽

Titanium Wire

The aim of this study was to investigate the orthodontic force exerted by thermoplastic orthodontic appliances incorporating Eucommiaulmoides in terms of usefulness as the aligner-type orthodontic device. Erkodur, Essix C+®, Eucommia elastomer, and edgewise brackets were used (n = 3, each; thickness = 1.0 mm, each). The orthodontic force on the upper right incisor was measured every 24 h for two weeks using a custom-made measuring device. The force of the Eucommia elastomer (4.25 ± 0.274 N) and multi bracket system (5.32 ± 0.338 N) did not change from the beginning to the end (p > 0.01). The orthodontic force exerted by the Eucommia elastomer was lower than that of the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance from the beginning to the end. The force of Erkodur significantly decreased from the beginning to 24 h (6.47 ± 1.40 N) and 48 h (3.30 ± 0.536 N) (p < 0.01). The force of Essix C+® significantly decreased from the beginning (13.2 ± 0.845 N) to 24 h (8.77 ± 0.231 N) (p < 0.01). The thermoplastic orthodontic appliance made of Eucommia elastomer continuously exerted a constant orthodontic force for two weeks under water immersion conditions. The orthodontic force of Eucommia elastomer was found to be similar to the orthodontic force exerted by the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance with 0.019 × 0.025 in nickel–titanium wire. These results suggest that the Eucommia elastomer has possibly become one of the more useful materials to form thermoplastic orthodontic appliance exerting low continues orthodontic force.

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