scholarly journals In vitro study on the effect of antibiotic combinations on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Pal Kaur ◽  
Shamim Ahmad ◽  
Humayoun Ashraf ◽  
Giby Thachil
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Broth Dilution

Purpose: Effect of combination of various antibiotics on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. Study design: Experimental study. Methods: The biofilm-producing strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery before instillation of any antibiotic. The strains were subjected to sensitivity test to various antibiotic combinations. The most effective agent was selected and its minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution method. The statistics wereperformed using SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp.) and Chi square test. Results: A total of 22 biofilm-positive samples were obtained. The combinations of vancomycin with ceftazidime (p < 0.05) followed by moxifloxacin with cefuroxime (p < 0.05) were found to be the most effective. Antibiofilm activity was also shown by other antibiotic combination. The minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and ceftazidime in 11 samples was 2.5 and 2.8 mg/ml, while in the rest of the samples, it was 2.5 and 5.6 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of moxifloxacin and cefuroxime was 0.125 and 2.81 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, we conclude that antibiotics are effective in eradicating biofilms.

scholarly journals An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma S Nayak ◽  
Sharda C Metgud ◽  
Uday Kumar Bolmal
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Aim Many weapons are available in the arsenal of a dental professional to combat dental caries, which is almost ubiquitously present. From a public health perspective, most of these weapons are far from being an ideal drug. Hence, there is a demand for better and effective antibacterial agents. This factor stimulated the process of the present study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula were procured and powdered. Physical tests were done to estimate purity of the fruit powder. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by tube dilution method and confirmed by agar dilution method. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract on sucrose induced adhesion, glucan-induced aggregation and on glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans was also assessed. Preservative, gelling agent and sweetener were added in suitable quantities to the ethanol extract, and mouthrinse was formulated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation was also determined. Results Yield was better in case of aqueous extract. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 2.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 10%. Hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (2.5%) inhibited sucrose induced adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Conclusion The mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity and could be used as an effective anticaries agent. Clinical Significance Terminalia chebula mouthrinse can be effectively used in clinical practice as an anticaries mouthrinse with additional benefit being that it is safe and economical. How to cite this article Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK. An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):278-282.

scholarly journals Comparison of bacterial microleakage of three bioactive endodontic sealers in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Dastorani ◽  
Behnam Malekpour ◽  
Mohsen AminSobhani ◽  
Mohammadsadegh Alemrajabi ◽  
Arezoo Mahdian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pressure Changes

Abstract Background Bacterial microleakage is an important cause of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the bacterial microleakage of nano-mineral trioxide aggregate (nano-MTA) as a sealer, Endoseal MTA, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers in atmospheric pressure, and simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions. Methods In this in vitro, experimental study, 180 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped, and were then randomly divided into three groups for single-cone obturation using Endoseal MTA, GuttaFlow Bioseal, or nano-MTA as a sealer. Each group was then randomly divided into three subgroups, and subjected to ambient atmospheric pressure, 2 atm pressure (to simulate underwater diving), and 0.5 atm pressure (to simulate aviation) using a custom-made pressure chamber. The teeth then underwent microbial leakage test using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the percentage of samples showing microleakage was recorded for up to 1 month, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results The three sealer groups were significantly different regarding bacterial microleakage (P < 0.05). The nano-MTA group showed significantly higher microleakage after 15 days than the other two groups (P = 0.006). The effect of pressure on bacterial microleakage was not significant in any sealer group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that single-cone obturation technique using nano-MTA as a sealer results in lower resistance to bacterial microleakage compared with the use of GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Endoseal MTA. Pressure changes in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions had no significant effect on bacterial microleakage. Trial Registration Number This is not a human subject research.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Kamashi ◽  
Mr. Honnegowda ◽  
Mayanna Asha ◽  
Chandrakala Ms.
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Broth Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a period of time has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin against avian Salmonella gallinarum bacterial biofilms. The study parameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm elimination concentration (BEC) were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post inoculation for the planktonic (free) and biofilm cells of S. gallinarum by macro broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC values determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 for each of the fluoroquinolone drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum were found to be non-significant. BEC values determined against the biofilm forms of S. gallinarum during the study period were found to be non-significant among the tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the present study demonstrated that fluoroquinolone drugs were effective in vitro against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum.

scholarly journals Incidences of Root Microcracks Caused by Hand and Rotary File System at Different Lengths

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Shuchi Sukul ◽  
Goldy Rathee ◽  
Parimal Anand ◽  
Sakshi Kataria ◽  
Pratibha Taneja
Keyword(s):  
File System ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
File Systems ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVES: The present research was conducted to assess incidences of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths MATERIAL AND METHODS: This in-vitro study was undertaken to assess incidence of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths In total, 100 the mandibular premolar with straight roots determined with intact, fully formed apices were taken. Samples were randomly distributed into 5 groups based on the file system used: a) Group A: Control, b) Group B: Reciproc, c) Group C: WaveOne, d) Group D: One Shape and e) Group E: ProTaper. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between groups. The dentinal defects were expressed as percentage of samples with microcracks in each group. Level of statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The chi square test was used to compare the Distribution of the number of teeth in which cracks were observed on the horizontal sections. It was found to be significant with group ProTaper showing maximum cracks at 3,6,9 mm level as compared to other file systemCONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium instruments causes cracks on the apical root surface or in the root canal wall. ProTaper causes maximum dentinal cracks as compared to other file systems

scholarly journals Klebsiella pneumoniae Planktonic and Biofilm Reduction by Different Plant Extracts: In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Paula-Ramos ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Rocha Santos ◽  
Daphne Camargo Reis Mello ◽  
Lígia Nishiama Theodoro ◽  
Felipe Eduardo De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Microdilution Broth

This study evaluated the action of Pfaffia paniculata K., Juglans regia L., and Rosmarius officinalis L. extracts against planktonic form and biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) values were determined for each extract by microdilution broth method, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Next, antimicrobial activity of the extracts on biofilm was analyzed. For this, standardized suspension at 107 UFC/mL of K. pneumoniae was distributed into 96-well microplates (n=10) and after 48 h at 37°C and biofilm was subjected to treatment for 5 min with the extracts at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%) were used to verify statistical significant reduction (p<0.05) of planktonic form and biofilm. P paniculata K., R. officinalis L., and J. regia L. showed reductions in biomass of 55.6, 58.1, and 18.65% and cell viability reduction of 72.4, 65.1, and 31.5%, respectively. The reduction obtained with P. paniculata and R. officinalis extracts was similar to the reduction obtained with chlorhexidine digluconate 2%. In conclusion, all extracts have microbicidal action on the planktonic form but only P. paniculata K. and R. officinalis L. were effective against biofilm.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of Meniran Herbs’(Phyllanthus Niruri L.) Ethanol ExtractAgainst Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in Broiler Chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum ◽  
Sri Hidanah ◽  
Retno Sri Wahjuni ◽  
Sri Chusniati ◽  
Arimbi Arimbi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri

Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a chicken respiratory disease that attacks both broilers and layers. Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) has important economic significance in the intensification of chicken farms because this disease can cause huge economic losses. Meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) is one of the plants that can be used as prevention and alternative treatment as a substitute of antibiotic caused by Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. The chemicals contained in meniran include tannins, saponins, alkaloids as antibacterials. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) as antibacterial to eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum. The method of this study is dilution method which included Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) was taken by making the concentration of meniran extract as much 65%, 62,5%; 60%; 55%; 50%; 45%; 40%. It was then added Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacteria. The result of this study is Meniran’s activation test on Mycoplasma galisepticum obtained a dose of 62,5% could eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus niruri linn) is effective as antibacterial at concentrations of 30% against Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Keywords: Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn), Mycoplasma Galisepticum, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)

scholarly journals Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Quaternization 10-Methoxycanthin-6-one Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jiang-Kun Dai ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jin-Yi Wang ◽  
Jun-Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Natural products are an important source of antibacterial agents. Canthin-6-one alkaloids have displayed potential antibacterial activity based on our previous work. In order to improve the activity, twenty-two new 3-N-benzylated 10-methoxy canthin-6-ones were designed and synthesized through quaternization reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activity against three bacteria was evaluated by double dilution method. Four compounds (6f, 6i, 6p and 6t) displayed 2-fold superiority (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.91 &micro;g/mL) against agricultural pathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum and P. syringae than agrochemical propineb. Moreover, the structure&ndash;activity relationships (SARs) were also carefully summarized in order to guide the development of antibacterial canthin-6-one agents.

scholarly journals Minimum inhibitory concentration of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) towards hand isolated Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Ika Maria
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

The aim of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) towards hand isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis for preventing the cross infection. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on a serial dilution method in 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000, 1/8000, 1/16000, 1/32000, 1/64000, 1/128000 concentration with two repetitions. The result showed that the 1/4000 concentration of the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid was the MIC. In conclusion, the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid had an antibacterial effect towards Staphylococcus epidermidis with the MIC in 1/4000 concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of equine corneal endothelium after exposure to 0.05% brilliant blue - an in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
M.C.C. Andrade ◽  
T.M. Moreno ◽  
M.S. Muccillo ◽  
J.A.T. Pigatto ◽  
E.V. Camilo
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of 0.05% brilliant blue on corneal endothelium of horses. Thirty-eight corneas of 19 horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. Corneas were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Corneal endothelium was covered with 0.3mL of brilliant blue 0.05% for 60 seconds followed by rinsing with a balanced salt solution. Group 2: Corneal endothelium was covered with BSS for 60 seconds. The corneas were excised with an 8mm trephine and prepared to analyze posterior endothelial surface using a light microscope (24 corneas) and a scanning electron microscope (14 corneas). The equine posterior corneal endothelium surface observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous layer of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape in both the control and treatment groups. Due to non-normal residuals at ANOVA mean comparison, a generalized linear model was utilized at 5% level of significance. The chi-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different statistically. The 0.05% brilliant blue did not cause damage to equine corneal endothelium.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ramschie ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

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