scholarly journals Composite surface roughness and color change following airflow usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Valian ◽  
Zahra Jaber Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Moien Rezaie ◽  
Roja Askian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Esthetic dental restorations have gained increasing popularity. The surface of restorations should be smooth enough to achieve maximum esthetics and prevent the adhesion of microorganisms and food particles. This study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color change of composite specimens following airflow usage. Methods In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 Tokuyama composite discs were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) for the use of airflow with calcium carbonate/bicarbonate powder and conventional polishing with FlexiDisc. The surface roughness of the specimens was measured by profilometry while the color change was assessed by measuring the L*, a* and b* color parameters using spectrophotometry before polishing (T1). The composite specimens were then polished for stain removal, and their surface roughness as well as color parameters were remeasured after polishing (T2). Paired t-test and Tukey’s test were applied for within-group and between-group comparisons. Results Significant differences were noted in roughness average (Ra) between airflow with calcium carbonate (0.251 ± 0.014 μm) and airflow with sodium bicarbonate (0.421 ± 0.208 μm), and between airflow with sodium bicarbonate and FlexiDisc (0.207 ± 0.076 μm) groups after polishing (P < 0.05). Regarding the correlation of change in surface roughness and color parameters at T1 and T2, an inverse correlation was noted between the change in surface roughness and all color parameters except for L*. In other words, reduction in surface roughness decreased the a* and b* color parameters. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the airflow device used in this study had no significant difference with conventional polishing in terms of reduction in surface roughness and staining. Considering the cost and maintenance of the airflow device, it is not suggested as a suitable alternative to the conventional polishing procedures. Trial Registration Number: This study does not involve human subjects.

scholarly journals Composite Surface Roughness and Color Change Following Airflow Usage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Valian ◽  
Zahra Jaber Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Moien Rezaie ◽  
Roja Askian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Esthetic dental restorations have gained increasing popularity. The restoration surface should be smooth enough to prevent adhesion of microorganisms and food particles, and achieve maximum esthetics. This study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color change of composite specimens following the use of an airflow device. Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 Tokuyama composite discs were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups (n=10) for the use of airflow with calcium carbonate powder, airflow with sodium bicarbonate powder, and conventional polishing with FlexiDisc. The surface roughness of specimens was measured by profilometry while the color change was evaluated by measuring the L*, a* and b* color parameters by spectrophotometry before polishing (T1). The composite specimens were then polished for stain removal and their surface roughness and color parameters were measured again after polishing (T2). Paired t-test and Tukey’s test were applied for within-group and between-group comparisons.Results: Significant differences were noted in surface roughness (Ra) between airflow with calcium carbonate (0.251 ± 0.014 µm) and airflow with sodium bicarbonate (0.421 ± 0.208 µm), and also between airflow with sodium bicarbonate and FlexiDisc (0.207 ± 0.076 µm) groups after polishing (P<0.05). Regarding the correlation of change in surface roughness and color parameters at T1 and T2, an inverse correlation was noted between the change in surface roughness and all color parameters except for L*. In other words, increasing the surface roughness difference (surface smoothing), decreased the a* and b* color parameters. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the airflow device used in this study had no significant difference with the conventional polishing in terms of reduction in surface roughness and staining. Considering the cost and maintenance of the airflow device, it is not suggested as a suitable alternative to the conventional polishing procedures. Trial Registration Number: This is not a human subject research.

scholarly journals Composite Surface Roughness and Color Change Following Airflow Usage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Valian ◽  
Zahra Jaber Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Moien Rezaie ◽  
Roja Askian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Esthetic dental restorations have gained increasing popularity. The restoration surface should be smooth enough to prevent adhesion of microorganisms and food particles, and achieve maximum esthetics. This study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color change of composite specimens following the use of an airflow device. Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 Tokuyama composite discs were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups (n=10) for the use of airflow with calcium carbonate powder, airflow with sodium bicarbonate powder, and conventional polishing with FlexiDisc. The surface roughness of specimens was measured by profilometry while the color change was evaluated by measuring the L*, a* and b* color parameters by spectrophotometry before polishing (T1). The composite specimens were then polished for stain removal and their surface roughness and color parameters were measured again after polishing (T2). Paired t-test and Tukey’s test were applied for within-group and between-group comparisons.Results: Significant differences were noted in Ra (the roughness average pf surface) between airflow with calcium carbonate (0.251 ± 0.014 µm) and airflow with sodium bicarbonate (0.421 ± 0.208 µm), and also between airflow with sodium bicarbonate and FlexiDisc (0.207 ± 0.076 µm) groups after polishing (P<0.05). Regarding the correlation of change in surface roughness and color parameters at T1 and T2, an inverse correlation was noted between the change in surface roughness and all color parameters except for L*. In other words, increasing the surface roughness difference (surface smoothing), decreased the a* and b* color parameters. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the airflow device used in this study had no significant difference with the conventional polishing in terms of reduction in surface roughness and staining. Considering the cost and maintenance of the airflow device, it is not suggested as a suitable alternative to the conventional polishing procedures. Trial Registration Number: This is not a human subject research.

Roughness of Human Enamel Surface Submitted to Different Prophylaxis Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Muassab Castanho ◽  
Victor Arana-Chavez ◽  
Marcelo Fava
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Group I ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rotary Instrument

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate alterations in the surface roughness and micromorphology of human enamel submitted to three prophylaxis methods. Sixty-nine caries-free molars with exposed labial surfaces were divided into three groups. Group I was treated with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and a mixture of water and pumice; group II with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and prophylaxis paste Herjos-F (Vigodent S/A Indústria e Comércio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); and group III with sodium bicarbonate spray Profi II Ceramic (Dabi Atlante Indústrias Médico Odontológicas Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). All procedures were performed by the same operator for 10 s, and samples were rinsed and stored in distilled water. Pre and post-treatment surface evaluation was completed using a surface profilometer (Perthometer S8P, Marh, Perthen, Germany) in 54 samples. In addition, the other samples were coated with gold and examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this study were statistically analyzed with the paired t-test (Student), the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn (5%) test. The sodium bicarbonate spray led to significantly rougher surfaces than the pumice paste. The use of prophylaxis paste showed no statistically significant difference when compared with the other methods. Based on SEM analysis, the sodium bicarbonate spray presented an irregular surface with granular material and erosions. Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was an increased enamel surface roughness when teeth were treated with sodium bicarbonate spray when compared with teeth treated with pumice paste.

scholarly journals Surface Roughness of Commercial Composites after Different Polishing Protocols: An Analysis with Atomic Force Microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giacomelli ◽  
Giacomo Derchi ◽  
Andrea Frustaci ◽  
Orlando Bruno ◽  
Ugo Covani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aims: Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT). Materials and Methods: For each composite, 12 square specimens were prepared: 9 specimens were polished, three for each different method, while three specimens were used as controls. Surface roughness was determined with AFM by measuring Root Mean Square (RMS) of average height. Results: PoGo polisher determined a significantly rougher surface, versus controls, in 5 out of 6 composites evaluated. Some significant differences from unpolished controls were observed also for Enhance polishing. Polishing with Venus Supra did not result in any significant difference in surface roughness versus controls. No differences were observed between different polishing systems. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that Venus Supra polishing system could determine a smoother composite surface if compared to the other polishing systems tested. On this basis, we are conducting an in vivo study to evaluate bacterial colonization on some combinations of composites and polishing protocols.

scholarly journals SEM Analysis of Enamel Abrasion after Air Polishing Treatment with Erythritol, Glycine and Sodium Bicarbonate

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Sinjari ◽  
Gianmaria D’Addazio ◽  
Martina Bozzi ◽  
Manlio Santilli ◽  
Tonino Traini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
And Control

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the enamel surface topography after treatment with three air polishing powders: Glycine (A), erythritol (B), and sodium bicarbonate (C) (Air Flow Soft, Plus and Classic powders, EMS Electro Medical Systems S.A., Nyon, Switzerland). Fifteen extracted incisors were randomly divided into three groups of five teeth each, A, B and C, respectively. The teeth were blocked in plaster bases, washed, dried and half-covered with polytetrafluoroethylene strips before treatment. In this way, each half-treated dental element became test and control of itself. Comparative statistical analysis of Rq (geometric average of the deviations occurring in roughness profile) was performed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed different degrees of surface roughness between the groups, decreasing after treatment. In addition, a statistically significant reduction p < 0.05 was present in group C (Rq mean non-treated 108.17 µm, 95% CI: 97.29–124.01 and Rq mean treated 86.78 µm, 95% CI: 80.63–93.70). A decrease in surface roughness post-treatment was not observed in group A and B. Therefore, it may be concluded that the air flow powders tested herein can be used on dental enamel to reduce the surface roughness due to function and the action of dental therapies.

Surface properties of composite resins with and without fluorides for bracket bonding / Propriedades de superfície de resinas compostas com e sem fluoretos para colagem de suportes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 67267-67276
Author(s):  
Emillyn Jones Greijal Dias Holanda ◽  
José Guilherme Neves ◽  
Milton Santamaria-Jr ◽  
Silvia Amélia Scudeler Vedovello ◽  
Ana Rosa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Penetration Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties of orthodontic resins with and without fluoride. Forty disks, measuring 2 mm thick by 6 mm in diameter, were made of 4 bracket-bonding composite resins (n=10): Transbond Plus Color Change-3M/Unitek (TPCC); Transbond XT- 3M/Unitek (TXT), Orthocem -FGM (OC); Orthocem UV Trace-FGM (OCUV). The discs were photoactivated for 40 seconds with irradiance of 450 mW/cm2 and manually polished in sequence by silicon carbide sandpapers with 1200 and 2000 grain size and finished with diamond paste and felt disc. The surface microhardness analysis was performed using a Shimadzu Micro Hardness Tester HMV-2,000 (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) with a load of 50 gF and a 5 second penetration time. Surface roughness readings were taken using a Surf Corder Roughness Meter (SE 1700- Kosaka, Lisboa-Portugal). For data analysis, ANOVA (one-way) was used, followed by Tukey's post-test (?=0.05). The microhardness results showed a difference (p?0.05) in the means of the orthodontic resins between TPCC and TXT with the other groups. After the surface roughness analysis, the averages showed that TPCC resin showed higher roughness compared to OC and OCUV (p?0.05), and there was no statistical difference with TXT. It was concluded that statistically the composite resins with fluoride showed significant difference regarding hardness and roughness.

scholarly journals Impact of Bleaching before or after Veneer Preparation on Color Masking Ability of Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gollshang Ahmad Mhammed Dalloo ◽  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Abdulsalam Rasheed Al-Zahawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Cielab Color

Purpose. This study evaluates the effect of bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the depth of preparation on color masking ability of laminate veneers. Methods. Sixty extracted premolars were artificially stained to vita shade A4, verified by digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V), and then divided into three groups: NB = nonbleached , BBP = bleaching before preparation, and BAP = bleaching after preparation. Based on the preparation depths, each group was further divided into two subgroups: S 1 = 0.5   mm and S 2 = 1.0   mm . BBP and BAP were subjected to one session of in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. IPS e-max CAD veneers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness (corresponding to the preparation depths) of the same shade and translucency (HT A1) were cemented immediately to the bleached surfaces. Immediately after cementation, the color change Δ E between the baseline (after staining) and the resulted shades was measured using the Vita Easy Shade V digital spectrophotometer and CIELab color system. Results. Bleached groups exhibited a significant Δ E value compared to the nonbleached group ( p < 0.05 ). BAP showed the highest Δ E value. No significant difference was found between BBP and BAP. S2 revealed a significant Δ E value than S1 ( p < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found between S1of BAP and S2 of NB, BBP, and BAP ( p > 0.05 ). Regarding the color coordinates, the difference between the tested groups was highly significant in lightness ( Δ L ∗ ) ( p < 0.001 ), while no significant differences were found in green/red value ( Δ a ∗ ) and yellow/blue value ( Δ b ∗ ) ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. In cases of severe tooth discoloration, one session of in-office bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the preparation depth do not influence the color masking ability of laminate veneers.

Effect of 10% and 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Fracture Toughness of Human Dentin In Situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Tam ◽  
P Bahrami ◽  
O Oguienko ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY Purpose Although damage to the structural integrity of the tooth is not usually considered a significant problem associated with tooth bleaching, there have been some reported negative effects of bleaching on dental hard tissues in vitro. More studies are needed to determine whether the observed in vitro effects have practical clinical implications regarding tooth structural durability. Objectives This in situ study evaluated the effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) dental bleach, applied using conventional whitening trays by participants at home, on the fracture toughness of dentin. Methods Ninety-one adult volunteers were recruited (n ≈ 30/group). Compact fracture toughness specimens (approximately 4.5 × 4.6 × 1.7 mm) were prepared from the coronal dentin of recently extracted human molars and gamma-radiated. One specimen was fitted into a prepared slot, adjacent to a maxillary premolar, within a custom-made bleaching tray that was made for each adult participant. The participants were instructed to wear the tray containing the dentin specimen with placebo, 10% CP, or 15% CP treatment gel overnight for 14 nights and to store it in artificial saliva when not in use. Pre-bleach and post-bleach tooth color and tooth sensitivity were also evaluated using ranked shade tab values and visual analogue scales (VASs), respectively. Within 24–48 hours after the last bleach session, the dentin specimens were tested for fracture toughness using tensile loading at 10 mm/min. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, Tukey's, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05 for all tests, except for the Mann-Whitney U tests, which used a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses of the nonparametric data (p&lt;0.017). Results The placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups contained 30, 31, and 30 participants, respectively. Mean fracture toughness (+ standard deviation) for the placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups were 2.3 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 2.0 ± 0.5 MPa*m1/2 respectively. There were no significant differences in mean fracture toughness results among the groups (p=0.241). The tooth sensitivity VAS scores indicated a significantly greater incidence (p=0.000) and degree of tooth sensitivity (p=0.049 for VAS change and p=0.003 for max VAS) in the bleach groups than in the placebo group. The color change results showed generally greater color change in the bleach groups than in the placebo group (p=0.008 for shade guide determination and p=0.000 for colorimeter determination). Conclusions There were no significant differences in in situ dentin fracture toughness results among the groups. The results of this study provide some reassurance that dentin is not overtly weakened by the bleaching protocol used in this study. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference cannot be used to state that there is no effect of bleach on dentin fracture toughness.

Roughness and wettability of aligner materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Suter ◽  
Spiros Zinelis ◽  
Raphael Patcas ◽  
Marc Schätzle ◽  
George Eliades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Critical Surface Tension ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The characterisation of surface roughness and energy of contemporary thermoplastic materials used in manufacturing of orthodontic aligners. Design: In vitro, laboratory study. Materials and methods: Four commercially available thermoplastic materials were selected (CA-medium/CAM, Essix-copopyester/COP, Duran/DUR and Erkodur/ERK). Five disks from each, as received, material were tested and subjected to: (1) reflected light microscopy; (2) optical profilometry for the estimation of Sa, Sz, Sq, Sdr, Sc, Sv surface roughness parameters (n = 5); and (3) contact angle measurements with a Zisman series of liquids for the estimation of critical surface tension (γC), total work of adhesion (WA), as well as the work of adhesion due to polar (WP) and dispersion (WD) components employing the Zisman method (n = 5/liquid). Thermoformed disks were prepared against a dental stone model and the roughness parameters were calculated again Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA/ Tukey multiple comparison test and t-test (a = 0.05). Results: Microscopic and profilometric analyses revealed a smooth surface texture in the as-received materials, but a very rough texture after thermoforming, with insignificant differences within each state. Significant differences in the as-received state were found in the surface energy parameters; CAM showed the lowest γC and the highest WA, WP, WD, whereas ERK with the highest γC demonstrated lower WA. COP and DUR were ranked in an intermediate group regarding γC, with a statistically significant difference in WA between them, mainly attributed to the lower WP of the former. Conclusion: Given the differences in surface energy parameters and the lack of roughness differences within the as received or thermoformed groups, it may be concluded that variations in the plaque retaining capacity are anticipated, determined by γC, WA and the WP, WD components.

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