Effect of 10% and 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Fracture Toughness of Human Dentin In Situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Tam ◽  
P Bahrami ◽  
O Oguienko ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY Purpose Although damage to the structural integrity of the tooth is not usually considered a significant problem associated with tooth bleaching, there have been some reported negative effects of bleaching on dental hard tissues in vitro. More studies are needed to determine whether the observed in vitro effects have practical clinical implications regarding tooth structural durability. Objectives This in situ study evaluated the effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) dental bleach, applied using conventional whitening trays by participants at home, on the fracture toughness of dentin. Methods Ninety-one adult volunteers were recruited (n ≈ 30/group). Compact fracture toughness specimens (approximately 4.5 × 4.6 × 1.7 mm) were prepared from the coronal dentin of recently extracted human molars and gamma-radiated. One specimen was fitted into a prepared slot, adjacent to a maxillary premolar, within a custom-made bleaching tray that was made for each adult participant. The participants were instructed to wear the tray containing the dentin specimen with placebo, 10% CP, or 15% CP treatment gel overnight for 14 nights and to store it in artificial saliva when not in use. Pre-bleach and post-bleach tooth color and tooth sensitivity were also evaluated using ranked shade tab values and visual analogue scales (VASs), respectively. Within 24–48 hours after the last bleach session, the dentin specimens were tested for fracture toughness using tensile loading at 10 mm/min. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, Tukey's, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests, except for the Mann-Whitney U tests, which used a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses of the nonparametric data (p<0.017). Results The placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups contained 30, 31, and 30 participants, respectively. Mean fracture toughness (+ standard deviation) for the placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups were 2.3 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 2.0 ± 0.5 MPa*m1/2 respectively. There were no significant differences in mean fracture toughness results among the groups (p=0.241). The tooth sensitivity VAS scores indicated a significantly greater incidence (p=0.000) and degree of tooth sensitivity (p=0.049 for VAS change and p=0.003 for max VAS) in the bleach groups than in the placebo group. The color change results showed generally greater color change in the bleach groups than in the placebo group (p=0.008 for shade guide determination and p=0.000 for colorimeter determination). Conclusions There were no significant differences in in situ dentin fracture toughness results among the groups. The results of this study provide some reassurance that dentin is not overtly weakened by the bleaching protocol used in this study. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference cannot be used to state that there is no effect of bleach on dentin fracture toughness.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK STROBERI DAN JERUK MADU DALAM PERUBAHAN WARNA GIGI SECARA IN VITRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Nalem Rika Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Shade Guide

ABSTRACT   Changing tooth color affects a person's aesthetics. Methods to restore tooth discoloration include the use ofagents bleaching. This study aims to understand the differences in the effectiveness of strawberry and honey orange extracts intooth discoloration in vitro. This type of experimental laboratory research used 45 premolar tooth samples divided into 3 groups (50% strawberry extract and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration, 50% honey orange extract and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration and 10% carbamide peroxide concentration). Samples were immersed in coffee solution for 5 days and recorded color with a shade guide, then samples were immersed in the extract of strawberries, honey oranges and carbamide peroxide for 7 days in an incubator, then recorded color again visually with a shade guide. Data analysis used thestatistical tests Oneway Anova and Posthoc LSD. The color change of the sample group immersed in strawberry extract with carbamide peroxide resulted in a significant difference (p <0.05). Likewise, the sample group immersed in honey orange extract with carbamide peroxide produced a significant difference (p <0.05), but strawberries and honey oranges did not. there is not significant difference (p> 0.05). From the results of the study it can be concluded that the extracts of strawberries and honey oranges were able to increase the discoloration of teeth to become brighter, there was no significant difference between changes in tooth discoloration soaked in strawberry extract and honey orange.   ABSTRAK Warna gigi yang berubah mempengaruhi estetik seseorang, metode untuk mengembalikan perubahan warna gigi diantaranya dengan penggunakan bahan bleaching. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perbedaan efektivitas ekstrak buah stroberi dan jeruk madu dalam perubahan warna gigi secara in vitro. Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan sampel gigi premolar sebanyak 45 buah dibagi atas 3 kelompok (ekstrak stroberi konsentrasi 50% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10%, ekstrak jeruk madu konsentrasi 50% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10% dan karbamid peroksida konsentrasi 10%). Sampel direndam larutan kopi selama 5 hari dan lakukan pencatatan warna dengan shade guide, kemudian sampel direndam ekstrak stroberi, jeruk madu dan karbamid peroksida selama 7 hari di dalam inkubator, lalu dilakukan pencatatan warna kembali secara visual dengan shade guide. Analisis data memakai uji statistik Oneway Anova dan Posthoc LSD. Perubahan warna kelompok sampel direndam ekstrak stroberi dengan karbamid peroksida menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05), begitu pula kelompok sampel yang direndam ekstrak jeruk madu dengan karbamid peroksida menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05), namun stroberi dan jeruk madu tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak  stroberi dan jeruk madu mampu meningkatkan perubahan warna gigi menjadi lebih terang, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara perubahan perubahan warna gigi yang direndam ekstrak stroberi dan jeruk madu.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
PFL Dawson ◽  
MO Sharif ◽  
AB Smith ◽  
PA Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Change In Mean

SUMMARY This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p&lt;0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.

Efficacy of a Novel At-home Bleaching Technique With Carbamide Peroxides Modified by CPP-ACP and Its Effect on the Microhardness of Bleached Enamel

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
BCD Borges ◽  
JS Borges ◽  
CD de Melo ◽  
IVA Pinheiro ◽  
AJS dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY This study was designed to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of a novel at-home bleaching technique using 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide modified by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and its influence on the microhardness of bleached enamel. A total of 40 bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10) according to the bleaching agent used: 10% carbamide peroxide only; a blend of 10% carbamide peroxide and a CPP-ACP paste; 16% carbamide peroxide only; and a blend of 16% carbamide peroxide and a CPP-ACP paste. During the 14-day bleaching regimen, the samples were stored in artificial saliva. The Vickers microhardness and color of the teeth were assessed at baseline (T0) and immediately after the bleaching regimen (T14) using a microhardness tester and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The degree of color change was determined by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclariage (CIE) L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*) and Vita shade guide parameters. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p&lt;0.05). The teeth that were bleached with a blend of peroxide (10% or 16%) and the CPP-ACP paste presented increased microhardness values at T14 compared with T0, whereas the samples that were bleached with peroxide only did not show any differences in their microhardness values. All of the bleaching agents were effective at whitening the teeth and did not show a statistically significant difference using the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*) or the Vita shade guide parameters. The use of a CPP-ACP paste with carbamide peroxide bleaching agents increased the bleached enamel's microhardness and did not have an influence on whitening efficacy.

scholarly journals Impact of Bleaching before or after Veneer Preparation on Color Masking Ability of Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gollshang Ahmad Mhammed Dalloo ◽  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Abdulsalam Rasheed Al-Zahawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Cielab Color

Purpose. This study evaluates the effect of bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the depth of preparation on color masking ability of laminate veneers. Methods. Sixty extracted premolars were artificially stained to vita shade A4, verified by digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V), and then divided into three groups: NB = nonbleached , BBP = bleaching before preparation, and BAP = bleaching after preparation. Based on the preparation depths, each group was further divided into two subgroups: S 1 = 0.5   mm and S 2 = 1.0   mm . BBP and BAP were subjected to one session of in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. IPS e-max CAD veneers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness (corresponding to the preparation depths) of the same shade and translucency (HT A1) were cemented immediately to the bleached surfaces. Immediately after cementation, the color change Δ E between the baseline (after staining) and the resulted shades was measured using the Vita Easy Shade V digital spectrophotometer and CIELab color system. Results. Bleached groups exhibited a significant Δ E value compared to the nonbleached group ( p < 0.05 ). BAP showed the highest Δ E value. No significant difference was found between BBP and BAP. S2 revealed a significant Δ E value than S1 ( p < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found between S1of BAP and S2 of NB, BBP, and BAP ( p > 0.05 ). Regarding the color coordinates, the difference between the tested groups was highly significant in lightness ( Δ L ∗ ) ( p < 0.001 ), while no significant differences were found in green/red value ( Δ a ∗ ) and yellow/blue value ( Δ b ∗ ) ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. In cases of severe tooth discoloration, one session of in-office bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the preparation depth do not influence the color masking ability of laminate veneers.

scholarly journals Therapeutical aspect of trichomoniasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica Vukicevic ◽  
Jasmina Jankicevic
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Trichomoniasis is frequent, parasitic and sexually transmitted infection of genitourinary tract. It is treated by metronidazole (5-nitroimidazole) according to protocol recommended by Center for Disease Control (CDC formerly called: Communicable Disease Center) [19]. The resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) strains to metronidazole (MND) was described in USA in 1960, and later on in many European countries [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. In these cases, due to persistent trichomonas infection, it is necessary to repeat MND treatment with moderate modification of dose and/or length of its application. Nevertheless, oncogenic and toxic effects of MND have to be taken into consideration. OBJECT The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the incidence of TV in STD and lower susceptibility of certain TV strains to MND were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS In three-year period (1999-2001) 612 patients (244 females and 368 males) suspected of STD were examined clinically and microbiologically at the Institute of Dermatovenereology in Belgrade. The patients detected for TV were treated according to CDC protocol. The affected were considered cured if there was no manifest clinical infection, and no TV verified by microbiological test. Results TV was isolated in 216 patients (35.29 % of all subjects). Trichomonas infection was found in 90 (36.88 %) out of 244 tested females and in 126 (32.34 %) of 368 males. Clinically manifested infection, with extensive urethral and vaginal secretion, was recorded in 161 patients, while the asymptomatic form was found in 55 subjects. This result indicates the predominance of manifested trichomonas infections (75.54 % of cases). The difference of distribution of clinical forms of trichomoniasis, in relation to sex, was not statistically significant (c2=0.854; p>0.05). The patients with verified trichomonas infection were treated by metronidazole according to CDC protocol. The recommended therapeutical scheme consisted of three phases proceeding in succession, in so far TV had not been eliminated by previous one. The number of cured patients, according to therapeutical phases, was shown in Table 4. Three patients (1.39 %, 2 males and 1 female) were not cured in spite of all three completed phases of therapeutical protocol. In all three cases, TV was eliminated by MND application in dose of 3 g/daily, during two days. The failure of minute MND treatment was analyzed in relation to clinical forms of the infection (manifested or asymptomatic), as well as in relation to types of infection (single- or associated infection). The incidence of refractory trichomoniasis treated by a single metronidazole dose of 2 g was significantly higher in the group of patients with polyinfection (c2=18.270 p<0.01). There was no significant difference of resistance to a single MND dose between the groups with manifested and asymptomatic trichomoniasis (c2=0.321; p<0.01). The prevalence of TV in vaginal and urethral smears indicates the significant incidence of trichomoniasis in STD. TV was more frequently isolated in patients with clinically manifested infection. TV susceptibility to MND was tested in vitro in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The resistance of strains under in vitro conditions did not correlate with refractory feature of trichomoniasis to MND application [7 17, 18]. The success of trichomoniasis treatment depends upon multiple factors, including: a) TV susceptibility to drug, b) intravaginal redox potential, c) drug concentration in situ, d) associated microorganisms that may modify the amount of the drug available in situ [7, 18, 21]. The results of our investigation argue for the latter item, verifying that TV resistance to MND is higher in patients with polyinfection in relation to those with monoinfection (significant difference, c2=18.270; p<0.01). Repeated administration of low metronidazole doses may prolong the therapy of trichomonas infections, while application of high doses (over 3 g/day) may result in undesired complications. Given the well-known fact that repeated sublethal doses induce the resistance, would it be more beneficial to begin with slightly higher metronidazole dose (3 g/day) during short period of time (3-5 days)? This will be the subject of our further investigation.

Materials Sealing Preventing Biofilm Formation in Implant/Abutment Joints: Which Is the Most Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Cecília Alves de Sousa ◽  
Maria Beatriz Bello Taborda ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Correa Momesso ◽  
Eduardo Passos Rocha ◽  
Paulo Henrique dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
External Connection

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature available for materials exhibiting the best efficacy in preventing biofilm formation in the interior of implants. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. This review is registered with the PROSPERO database and followed the suitability of the PRISMA protocol. The initial search resulted in 326 articles from the databases. After they were read, 8 articles remained, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Six of these 8 articles were classified as in vitro and 2 were classified as in situ. The regions of the implants evaluated ranged from the interface of the pieces to the occlusal upper access of the abutment. The implant connections evaluated the Morse taper, external connection, and internal connection. Meta-analysis of the quantitative data was performed at a significance level of .05. Cotton exhibited poor control of infiltration, even in combination with other materials. Isolated gutta-percha (GP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape with composite resin (CR) or GP performed better as physical barriers. The best results for chemical barriers were observed by the application of 1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) gel, thymol varnish, and the deposition of Ag films onto the surface. The applied meta-analysis did not show a significant difference in comparison between the different types of implant connections (P &gt; .05). The application of CG and thymol varnish antimicrobials was effective in preventing biofilm formation and easy clinical execution; these could be used in combination with CR, GP, and PTFE.

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
FY Cakir ◽  
Y Korkmaz ◽  
E Firat ◽  
SS Oztas ◽  
S Gurgan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Purpose To determine the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin as well as to evaluate the differences in surface texture of the same dental hard tissues following three at-home bleaching systems in vitro. Methods Sixty extracted intact human anterior teeth were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used as samples for enamel, and the buccal surfaces of the remaining 30 teeth were abraded and used as dentin samples. Prior to bleaching treatments, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), fluoride (F), and oxygen (O) levels of each sample were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. The teeth were then randomly allocated into three groups according to the bleaching system used, as follows: GI, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); GII, 20% CP; GIII, and 35% CP. Following the bleaching treatments, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, F, and O measurements were repeated. The surface configurations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn test. Results All three bleaching systems tested caused similar changes in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin. Bleaching systems decreased Ca and K, while F and O levels increased in enamel. In dentin, Ca, P, and K levels decreased; however, Na, F, and O levels increased. SEM observations revealed no deleterious effect on enamel and dentin. Conclusion The use of home bleaching agents could affect the chemical composition of dental hard tissues, whereas the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin was not affected by the CP concentration of the bleaching systems used.

Effects of External Bleaching on Indentation and Abrasion Characteristics of Human Enamel in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Seghi ◽  
I. Denry
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Apparent Fracture Toughness ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Bleaching Gels

The application of home-bleaching procedures as a means of lightening multiple teeth has become increasingly popular. Very few studies, however, have determined the effect of this treatment upon dental hard tissues. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide gel on the apparent fracture toughness, hardness, and abrasion characteristics of human enamel. The apparent fracture toughness of enamel was reduced by about 30% after bleaching for a period of 12 hours with no significant change in surface hardness. Enamel treated with the bleaching gels also exhibited a small but significant decrease in abrasion resistance. This behavior was most likely due to an alteration of the organic matrix of enamel under the chemical action of hydrogen peroxide. Further investigation of the clinical significance of this process is needed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Over-the-Counter Products on Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karadas ◽  
Zeynep Yesil Duymus
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cielab System

<p>This <italic>in vitro</italic> study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.</p>

The Erosive Potential of Different Malt Drinks: An in vitro and in situ study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esber Çaglar ◽  
Sule Kavaloglu Cildir ◽  
Nuket Sandalli
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Water Control ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Erosive Effect

Objectives: Whereas the potential effect of acidic drinks in the etiology of dental erosion is well recognized the role of malt drinks is unclear. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro erosive effect on enamel produced by different aromated malt drinks. A secondary objective was to compare their erosive effects in situ with those determined in vitro. Materials and methods: To select the malt drink for the study in situ, six commercially available malt drinks were examined for erosive potential in vitro. The study in situ was a single centre, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover study to compare the erosive effect of a commercially available malt drink (Test), with that of natural spring water (Control), over 10 day periods on 10 healthy volunteers. Subjects wore upper removable appliances containing two human enamel specimens from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The regimen of intake of the drinks was 250 ml at midday. Measurements of enamel loss were made on samples after 5 and 10 days by profilometry. Results: The in situ study showed a statistically significant difference in erosive potential between the test and control beverages. No specimen exposed to the control beverage displayed appreciable erosion. Erosion occurred with the test drink, but to a variable degree between subjects. Conclusions: Malt drinks should be considered as potentially erosive as the results for enamel specimens exposed to the test beverage in the clinical study showed a degree of erosion that varied greatly between different participants. It is likely that under these conditions an increase in the degree of erosion would be observed in children and young people who consume malt drinks.

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