scholarly journals Intersectoral costs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV: a systematic review of cost-of-illness (COI) studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schnitzler ◽  
Louise J. Jackson ◽  
Aggie T. G. Paulus ◽  
Tracy E. Roberts ◽  
Silvia M. A. A. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Stis And Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV can generate costs both within and outside the health sector (i.e. intersectoral costs). This systematic review aims (i) to explore the intersectoral costs associated with STIs and HIV considered in cost-of-illness (COI) studies, (ii) to categorise and analyse these costs according to cost sectors, and (iii) to illustrate the impact of intersectoral costs on the total cost burden. Methods Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit and NHS EED were searched between 2009 and 2019. Key search terms included terms for cost-of-illness, cost analysis and all terms for STIs including specific infections. Studies were included that assessed intersectoral costs. A standardised data extraction form was adopted. A cost component table was established based on pre-defined sector-specific classification schemes. Cost results for intersectoral costs were recorded. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified version of the CHEC-list. Results 75 COI studies were considered for title/abstract screening. Only six studies were available in full-text and eligible for data extraction and narrative synthesis. Intersectoral costs were captured in the following sectors: Patient & family, Informal care and Productivity (Paid Labour). Patient & family costs were addressed in four studies, including patient out-of-pocket payments/co-payments and travel costs. Informal care costs including unpaid (home) care support by family/friends and other caregiver costs were considered in three studies. All six studies estimated productivity costs for paid labour including costs in terms of absenteeism, disability, cease-to-work, presenteeism and premature death. Intersectoral costs largely contributed to the total economic cost burden of STIs and HIV. The quality assessment revealed methodological differences. Conclusions It is evident that intersectoral costs associated with STIs and HIV are substantial. If relevant intersectoral costs are not included in cost analyses the total cost burden of STIs and HIV to society is severely underestimated. Therefore, intersectoral costs need to be addressed in order to ensure the total economic burden of STIs and HIV on society is assessed, and communicated to policy/decision-makers.

scholarly journals Female garment workers’ understandings of sexually transmitted infections in selected low to middle-income countries: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Shakeel Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stis And Hiv

Objective: This study reviewed the current state of knowledge of female garment workers’ (FGWs) personal understandings and their experiences of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experiences in selected low to middle-income countries (LMIC).Methods: Relevant literature on FGWs health on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV within selected LMIC published between 1988 and 2020 carried out, and a systematic review search technique used, utilizing the PRISMA protocol. Significant and relevant information from selected articles obtained and presented existing literature in the method of new outcomes as well as critically interpret existing outcomes. The themes and keywords were examined in the abstract and title of literature extracted using the aforementioned search engines.Results: Major causes of HIV vulnerability of FGWs are poverty (low wages), gender inequality, drug abuse, multiple sex partners, lack of knowledge on STIs/HIV, low use of condoms, and rape violence found in selected LMIC.Conclusion: For empowering FGWs, health education/workplace intervention is crucial, comprising prevention of sexual harassment, workplace violence (WPV), and intimate partner violence (IPV) related training by government sectors, non-government organizations (NGOs), and civil society. A good surveillance system on key populations, including FGWs, and a good public health system in every country is the key and acts very fast for prevention of STIs and HIV on FGWs and contribute to guide policymakers and researchers and improve FGWs health in LIMC.

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

scholarly journals Effect of interventions based on educational technologies on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043373
Author(s):  
Isaiane da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes Mendes ◽  
Priscila de Oliveira Cabral Melo ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Simões ◽  
Luciana Pedrosa Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

IntroductionPrisons are places with high vulnerability and high risk for the development of sexually transmitted infections. World Health Agencies recommend establishing intervention measures, such as information and education, on the prevention of diseases. Thus, technologies as tools for health education have been used to reduce sexually transmitted infections. However, no systematic review has investigated the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, this review’s objective is to examine the effect of educational technologies used for preventing sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women.Methods and analysisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be strictly followed. The following electronic databases will be searched: Scopus; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Education Resources Information Center, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Randomised clinical trials of interventions that used educational technologies to prevent sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women will be searched in the databases from the beginning of 2020 until December by two researchers independently. A narrative synthesis will be constructed for all included studies, and if there are sufficient data, a meta-analysis will be performed using the Review Manager software (V.5.3). Continuous results will be presented as the weighted mean difference or the standardised mean difference with 95% CIs. Under the heterogeneity of the included studies, a random-effects or fixed-effects model will be used. The studies’ heterogeneity will be assessed by the I2 method. The sensitivity analysis will be carried out to examine the magnitude of each study’s influence on the general results. A significance level of p≤0.05 will be adopted.Ethics and disclosureEthical approval is not required because no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in journals reviewed by peers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020163820.

scholarly journals A risk-based model for predicting the impact of using condoms on the spread of sexually transmitted infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Azizi ◽  
Karen Ríos-Soto ◽  
Anuj Mubayi ◽  
James M. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of patients' and caregivers' experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symran Dhada ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Ejaz Cheema ◽  
Muhammed Abdul Hadi ◽  
Vibhu Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
English Language ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
The Impact

Background Cancer patients have faced intersecting crises in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to examine patients' and caregivers' experiences of accessing cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on their psychological wellbeing. Methods A protocol-led (CRD42020214906) systematic review was conducted by searching six databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL for articles published in English-language between 1/2020-12/2020. Data were extracted using a pilot-tested, structured data extraction form. Thematic synthesis of data was undertaken and reported as per the PRISMA guideline. Results A total of 1110 articles were screened of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from 10 different countries including the US, UK, India and China. Several themes were identified which were categorised into seven categories. Postponement and delays in cancer screening and treatment, drug shortages and inadequate nursing care were commonly experienced by patients. Hospital closures, resource constraints, national lockdowns and patient reluctance to use health services because of infection worries contributed to the delay. Financial and social distress, isolation; and spiritual distress due to the uncertainty of rites as well as fulfilment of last wishes were also commonly reported. Caregivers felt anxious about infecting cancer patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Patients and caregivers experienced extensive impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, treatment and care, and their own psychological wellbeing. Patient and caregiver views and preferences should be incorporated in ensuring resilient cancer services that can minimise the impact of ongoing and future pandemic on cancer care and mitigate patient fears.

scholarly journals Male Urethritis Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In women, Trichomonas vaginalis infection may present with vaginitis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, while in men it is mainly asymptomatic or causes mild and transient symptoms of urethritis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. In the past, little importance had been given to the impact of T. vaginalis infection on men’s health, since it was believed to be a self-limited condition without sequelae. However, there is growing evidence it is associated with more serious disorders in both men and women and efforts to diagnose and treat this parasitic infection have increased. Recent advances in testing for sexually transmitted diseases using multiplex molecular assays have increased diagnostic opportunities for T. vaginalis infection, especially in men, as detection of the parasite by traditional methods is much more challenging. We describe an unusual case of male urethritis caused by T. vaginalis observed in our consultation of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

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