scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits ◽  
Household Ownership

Abstract Background The dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. Results About 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1–69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8–43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4–35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. Conclusion The current study provide insights into the determinants of dogs/cats ownership and their demographic characteristics in Ethiopia. Dogs are more commonly owned, but the household determinants for dog and cat ownership were comparable. Means of obtaining and reason of owning or abandoning dogs/cats is partly different from those reported in the developed countries. The results of this study could be used for the provision of veterinary services, quantifying health risks and benefits associated with dog/cat ownership, and control of pet population and related zoonosis.

scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits ◽  
Household Ownership

Abstract Background The dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. Results About 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1 – 69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8 – 43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4 – 35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. Conclusion The current study provide insights into the determinants of dogs/cats ownership and their demographic characteristics in Ethiopia. Dogs are more commonly owned, but the household determinants for dog and cat ownership were comparable. Means of obtaining and reason of owning or abandoning dogs/cats is partly different from those reported in the developed countries. The results of this study could be used for the provision of veterinary services, quantifying health risks and benefits associated with dog/cat ownership, and control of pet population and related zoonosis.

scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract BackgroundThe dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was designed and administered to households to collect data on the demography and determinants of dog/cat ownership. Six hundred and ten households, consisting of 305 in Ambo, 182 in Bako, and 123 in Gojo towns were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of dog/cat ownership. ResultsAbout 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1 – 69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8 – 43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4 – 35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. ConclusionData on dog/cat ownership status is important for the provision of veterinary services, pet population control, and for quantifying risks associated with dog/cat to the community and control of dog/cat borne zoonosis.

scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract BackgroundThe dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to the absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was designed and administered to households to collect data on the demography and determinants of dog/cat ownership. Six hundred ten households, consisting of 305 in Ambo, 182 in Bako, and 123 in Gojo towns were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of dog/cat ownership. ResultsAbout 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1 – 69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8 – 43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4 – 35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, the gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for both dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. ConclusionData on dog/cat ownership status is important for the provision of veterinary services, pet population control, and for quantifying risks associated with dog/cat to the community and control of dog/cat borne zoonosis.

scholarly journals Demography and Determinants of Dog and Cat Ownership in Three Towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract BackgroundThe dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to the absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for effective planning and control of the pet population and zoonosis. The present study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was designed and administered to households to collect data on the demography and determinates of dog and cat ownerships. Six hundred ten households, consisting of 305 in Ambo, 182 in Bako and 123 in Gojo towns, were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association of factors with dog and cat ownership. ResultsAbout 65.1% (95% CI: 62.12 – 69.84%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.83 – 43.81%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.43 – 34.99%) own both. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6.2:1, and human to owned-cat ratio was 10.1:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 2.70:1 for the dog while 0.68:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have access to the outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs or cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, shortage of finance, lack of private houses and shortage of dogs and cats. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, the gender of head of household, ownership of other domestic animals as determinants for both dog and cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. ConclusionData on dog and cat ownership status is important for the provision of veterinary services, pet population control and for quantifying risks associated with dog and cat ownership and control of dog/cut borne zoonosis.

The Promise of Open Source Systems/Software in Developing Requisite E-Government Solutions for the Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Adetayo O. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

E-Government open source system is now becoming commonplace. The e-Government open system requires at each review stage the relevant official input, the date, and the time when each application is processed. Free access to the status of an application makes applicants realize that there is no need to contact officials or to provide a bribe to complete the process. No doubt, e-Government open system is a very useful system currently being used by a majority of governments in developing world countries. However, extant review of literature has shown that some developing countries governments are now also making frantic effort to implement the open system although the practice seems to have gone farther in developed nations. In light of this, this chapter discusses e-Government open source system in developing countries and compares this to what is happening in the developed countries, examines the role OSS/SF has played in developing e-Government solutions or applications in the developing world, identifies the benefits and challenges of OSS/SF in the developing countries' context, and discusses possible ways forward. The chapter posits that open source plays a significant role in designing e-Government applications.

scholarly journals Critical Success Factors for Pharmaceutical Firms: The Case of Pakistan

Market Forces ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan ◽  
Ms Sonia Batool ◽  
Mr. Usman Ahmad Qadri ◽  
Zujaj Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
And Control

This study is to investigate the critical success factors for Pakistani pharmaceutical firms. This study conceptualizes knowledge management, image and control as the key indicatorsof critical success factors. This study collects the data from the lower-, middle-, and top-level managers in the pharmaceutical firms in major cities of Pakistan: Lahore, Multan, Islamabad. Thisstudy performs PLS-SEM in analyzing 100 responses obtained through survey forms. Results of the study indicate that knowledge management is the element that gives rise to confession, wage, promotion and the execution of unlike objectives that increase a general exposure of the all stakeholders. It achieves a pleasurable passionate state that frequently prompts a positive organizational performance and competitive advantage. This research puts light on the gaps found in adaptation of critical success factors in Pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan as compared to the developed countries in this sector.

The Promise of Open Source Systems/Software in Developing Requisite E-Government Solutions for the Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 393-409
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Adetayo O. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

E-Government open source system is now becoming commonplace. The e-Government open system requires at each review stage the relevant official input, the date, and the time when each application is processed. Free access to the status of an application makes applicants realize that there is no need to contact officials or to provide a bribe to complete the process. No doubt, e-Government open system is a very useful system currently being used by a majority of governments in developing world countries. However, extant review of literature has shown that some developing countries governments are now also making frantic effort to implement the open system although the practice seems to have gone farther in developed nations. In light of this, this chapter discusses e-Government open source system in developing countries and compares this to what is happening in the developed countries, examines the role OSS/SF has played in developing e-Government solutions or applications in the developing world, identifies the benefits and challenges of OSS/SF in the developing countries' context, and discusses possible ways forward. The chapter posits that open source plays a significant role in designing e-Government applications.

scholarly journals Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction for Effective Communication and Science Learning at Elementary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Khushnuma ◽  
Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary ◽  
Rukhsana Durrani
Keyword(s):  
Science Learning ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
And Control

In most of the developed countries, science is being taught in the native language. However, the situation is not the same in other countries. This quasi-experimental study was designed to find the effect of communication using native language on student's learning of science subject at the elementary level. The sample of the study consisted of 50 Pushto speaking female students of Swabi KPK, Pakistan. The results of the study indicated that in the post-test, scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different. The study concluded that in fostering student's science learning, teaching science through mother tongue is found effective at the elementary level as it enables students to communicate with teachers and other fellow students and enables them to discuss ideas, experiences, and problems faced during the learning process. It is suggested that this investigation should be repeated in other districts where pupils do not perform well in other science subjects.

The Promise of Open Source Systems/Software in Developing Requisite E-Government Solutions for the Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Adetayo O. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

E-Government open source system is now becoming commonplace. The e-Government open system requires at each review stage the relevant official input, the date, and the time when each application is processed. Free access to the status of an application makes applicants realize that there is no need to contact officials or to provide a bribe to complete the process. No doubt, e-Government open system is a very useful system currently being used by a majority of governments in developing world countries. However, extant review of literature has shown that some developing countries governments are now also making frantic effort to implement the open system although the practice seems to have gone farther in developed nations. In light of this, this chapter discusses e-Government open source system in developing countries and compares this to what is happening in the developed countries, examines the role OSS/SF has played in developing e-Government solutions or applications in the developing world, identifies the benefits and challenges of OSS/SF in the developing countries’ context, and discusses possible ways forward. The chapter posits that open source plays a significant role in designing e-Government applications.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

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