scholarly journals Uncomplicated falciparum malaria among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen: association with anaemia and underweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal S. Alwajeeh ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Amal F. Allam ◽  
Hoda F. Farag ◽  
Safia S. M. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Background Malaria, malnutrition and anaemia are major public health problems in Yemen, with Hodeidah being the most malaria-afflicted governorate. To address the lack of relevant studies, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its relation to nutritional status and haematological indices among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren selected randomly from four schools in Bajil district. Data about demographic characteristics, risk factors and anthropometric measurements of age, height and weight were collected. Duplicate thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. The density of P. falciparum asexual stages was estimated on thick films. EDTA-blood samples were examined for the haematological indices of haemoglobin (Hb) and blood cell counts. Results Plasmodium falciparum was prevalent among 8.0% (32/400) of schoolchildren with a mean parasite density of 244.3 ± 299.3/µL of blood and most infections showing low-level parasitaemia, whereas Plasmodium vivax was detected in one child (0.25%). Residing near water collections was a significant independent predictor of falciparum malaria [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.6, 95.0% CI 1.20–5.72; p = 0.016] in schoolchildren. Mild anaemia was prevalent among more than half of P. falciparum-infected schoolchildren and significantly associated with falciparum malaria (AOR = 5.8, 95.0% CI 2.39–14.17; p < 0.001), with a mean Hb concentration of 10.7 ± 1.0 g/dL. Although the mean values of the total white blood cells, monocytes and platelets were significantly lower in infected than non-infected schoolchildren, they were within normal ranges. More than half of the children were malnourished, with stunting (39.3%) and underweight (36.0%) being the most prevalent forms of malnutrition; 6.3% of children were wasted. Underweight (AOR = 5.3, 95.0% CI 2.09–13.62; p < 0.001) but not stunting or wasting, was a significant predictor of falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Conclusion Asymptomatic falciparum malaria is prevalent among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah Governorate, with predominance of low parasitaemic infections and significant association with mild anaemia and underweight. Residence near water collection is a significant predictor of infection with falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Further studies among children with severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.

scholarly journals Uncomplicated falciparum malaria among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen: association with anaemia and underweight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal S Alwajeeh ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Amal F. Allam ◽  
Hoda F. Farag ◽  
Safia S.M. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract BackgroundMalaria, malnutrition and anaemia are major public health problems in Yemen, with Hodeidah being the most malaria-afflicted governorate. To address the lack of relevant studies, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its relation to nutritional status and haematological indices among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren selected randomly from four schools in Bajil district. Data about demographic characteristics, risk factors and anthropometric measurements of age, height and weight were collected. Duplicate thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. The density of P. falciparum asexual stages was estimated on thick films. EDTA-blood samples were examined for the haematological indices of haemoglobin (Hb) and blood cell counts. Results Plasmodium falciparum was prevalent among 8.0% (32/400) of schoolchildren with a mean parasite density of 244.3 299.3/µl of blood and most infections showing low-level parasitaemia, whereas Plasmodium vivax was detected in one child (0.25%). Residing near water collections was a significant independent predictor of falciparum malaria (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.6, 95.0% CI: 1.20-5.72; p = 0.016) in schoolchildren. Mild anaemia was prevalent among more than half of P. falciparum-infected schoolchildren and significantly associated with falciparum malaria (AOR = 5.8, 95.0% CI: 2.39-14.17; p <0.001), with a mean Hb concentration of 10.7 1.0 g/dL. Although the mean values of the total white blood cells, monocytes and platelets were significantly lower in infected than non-infected schoolchildren, they were within normal ranges. More than half of the children were malnourished, with stunting (39.3%) and underweight (36.0%) being the most prevalent forms of malnutrition; 6.3% of children were wasted. Underweight (AOR = 5.3, 95.0% CI: 2.09-13.62; p <0.001) but not stunting or wasting, was a significant predictor of falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. ConclusionAsymptomatic falciparum malaria is prevalent among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah Governorate, with predominance of low parasitaemic infections and significant association with mild anaemia and underweight. Residence near water collection is a significant predictor of infection with falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Further studies among children with severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.

scholarly journals Uncomplicated falciparum malaria among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen: Association with anaemia and underweight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal S Alwajeeh ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Amal F. Allam ◽  
Hoda F. Farag ◽  
Safia S.M. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Background Malaria, malnutrition and anaemia are major public health problems in Yemen, with Hodeidah being the most malaria-afflicted governorate. To address the lack of relevant studies, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its relation to nutritional status and haematological indices among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren selected randomly from four schools in Bajil district. Data about demographic characteristics, risk factors and anthropometric measurements of age, height and weight were collected. Duplicate thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. The density of P. falciparum asexual stages was estimated on thick films. EDTA-blood samples were examined for the haematological indices of haemoglobin (Hb) and blood cell counts. Results P. falciparum was prevalent among 8.0% (32/400) of schoolchildren with a mean parasite density of 244.3 299.3/µl of blood and most infections showing low-level parasitaemia, whereas Plasmodium vivax was detected in one child (0.25%). Residing near water collections was a significant independent predictor of falciparum malaria [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.6, 95.0% CI: 1.20–5.72; p = 0.016] in schoolchildren. Mild anaemia was prevalent among more than half of P. falciparum-infected schoolchildren and significantly associated with falciparum malaria (AOR = 5.8, 95.0% CI: 2.39–14.17; p <0.001), with a mean Hb concentration of 10.7 1.0 g/dL. Although the mean values of the total white blood cells, monocytes and platelets were significantly lower in infected than non-infected schoolchildren, they were within normal ranges. More than half of the children were malnourished, with stunting (39.3%) and underweight (36.0%) being the most prevalent forms of malnutrition; 6.3% of children were wasted. Underweight (AOR = 5.3, 95.0% CI: 2.09–13.62; p <0.001) but not stunting or wasting, was a significant predictor of falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Conclusion Asymptomatic falciparum malaria is prevalent among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah Governorate, with predominance of low parasitaemic infections and significant association with mild anaemia and underweight. Residence near water collection is a significant predictor of infection with falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Further studies among children with severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.

scholarly journals Uncomplicated falciparum malaria among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen: Association with anaemia and underweight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal S Alwajeeh ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Amal F. Allam ◽  
Hoda F. Farag ◽  
Safia S.M. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Background Malaria, malnutrition and anaemia are major public health problems in Yemen, with Hodeidah being the most malaria-afflicted governorate. To address the lack of relevant studies, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its relation to nutritional status and haematological indices among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah governorate, west of Yemen. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren selected randomly from four schools in Bajil district. Data about demographic characteristics, risk factors and anthropometric measurements of age, height and weight were collected. Duplicate thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. The density of P. falciparum asexual stages was estimated on thick films. EDTA-blood samples were examined for the haematological indices of haemoglobin (Hb) and blood cell counts. Results P. falciparum was prevalent among 8.0% (32/400) of schoolchildren with a mean parasite density of 244.3 \(\pm\)299.3/µl of blood and most infections showing low-level parasitaemia, whereas Plasmodium vivax was detected in one child (0.25%). Residing near water collections was a significant predictor of falciparum malaria (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.14–5.05; p = 0.019) in schoolchildren. Mild anaemia was prevalent among more than half of P. falciparum-infected schoolchildren and significantly associated with falciparum malaria, with a mean Hb concentration of 10.7 \(\pm\)1.0 g/dL. Although the mean values of the total white blood cells, monocytes and platelets were significantly lower in infected than non-infected schoolchildren, they were within normal ranges. More than half of the children were malnourished, with stunting (39.3%) and underweight (36.0%) being the most prevalent forms of malnutrition; 6.3% of children were wasted. Underweight (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.55–6.93; p = 0.001), but not stunting or wasting, was a significant predictor of falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Conclusion Asymptomatic falciparum malaria is prevalent among schoolchildren in Bajil district of Hodeidah Governorate, with predominance of low parasitaemic infections and significant association with mild anaemia and underweight. Residence near water collection is a significant predictor of infection with falciparum malaria among schoolchildren. Further studies among children with severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia in Malaria- a retrospective study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Susane Giti ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Ahmed Fayezi Bin Saad ◽  
Mohammed Nuruzzaman Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts

Introduction: Malaria is usually associated with low blood cell counts and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is a common association. The cause of thrombocytopenia is poorly understood, but the immune-mediated lysis, sequestration in the spleen and diminished platelet production by the bone marrow have all been postulated. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the degree of thrombocytopenia in patients suffering from malaria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), over a period of one-year from January 2012 to December 2012. A total 81 cases of malaria parasite positive on peripheral blood film were studied by full blood counts (FBC) with automated haematology analyzer Sysmex 1800i. Thick and thin smears were stained with Giemsa and Leishman stains and examined by haematologist. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 10.0. Results: Out of 81 patients, all were male. Mean age was 24.3 years (Mean+2SD:24.3±10.7) with a range of 23-42 years. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 61(75.3%) cases, P. vivax in 16 (19.8%) and mixed infection in 04 (4.9%) cases. Haemoglobin values in patients of malaria with thrombocytopenia and without thrombocytopenia were 10.8±3.2 g/dl and 12.2±2.6 g/dl respectively. White blood cell counts in patients with and without thrombocytopenia were 6.2±4.3X109/L and 9.3±5.2X109/L respectively. 25 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 Out of 81 patients, 23 (28.4%) had normal platelet counts, and 58 (71.6%) had thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts in patients with malaria with and without thrombocytopenia were 48.1±25.3X109/L and 199±45.4X109 respectively. The mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia were found in 44 (75.9%), 09 (15.5%) and 05 (8.6%) cases respectively. Platelet counts of <20X109/L were noted in only 8.6% cases of falciparum malaria and none in vivax malaria. Conclusion: The study found high frequency of mild to moderate thrombocytopenia in the Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. Although thrombocytopenia is uncommon in malaria, its presence is not a distinguishing feature between the two types. Finding of thrombocytopenia in a patient with fever is of diagnostic help as it raises the suspicion of malaria. Thrombocytopenia of <20X109/L can occur in P. vivax malaria although it is statistically more common with P. falciparum malaria. The above findings can have therapeutic implications in context of avoiding unnecessary platelet infusions with the relatively benign course in P. vivax malaria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22899 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014

scholarly journals THROMBOCYTOPENIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
ATIF SITWAT HAYAT ◽  
MOHAMMAD SAEED SIDDIQUI ◽  
NAILA SHAIKH ◽  
Muqeet Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cell Counts

Background: Malaria is usually associated with reduction in blood cell counts and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is a common feature of falciparum infection. This study has been conducted to find out frequency and degree of thrombocytopenia in patients suffering from falciparum malaria at a tertiary care hospital of Abbottabad. Methods: It was a descriptive case-control study being carried out at Ayub teaching hospital and Northern institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) Abbottabad over a period of ten months. All patients with acute febrile illness without localizing signs were considered for study. A total 250 patients having falciparum malaria diagnosed by peripheral blood film examination have been studied. Complete blood counts were performed by Automated Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Blood films were examined by clinical pathologist for plasmodium falciparum via light microscopy using oil-immersion lens. Results: Out of 250 patients, 155(62%) were females and 95(38%) males with M:F ratio of 1:1.5. Mean age was 36±1.2 years (range 17-58 years). Out of 250, 175(70%) had thrombocytopenia (p<0.05) while 75(30%) had normal platelet counts. Thus mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia had been observed in 121(48.4%), 41(16.4%) and 13(5.2%) respectively (p<0.05). Fever appeared to be most common symptom observed in all patients (100%) followed by vomiting and nausea (88%). Anemia was the commonest sign present (80%) during our study. Conclusions: We discovered high frequency of mild thrombocytopenia in falciparum malaria. Therefore, thrombocytopenia can be supportive in diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection.

scholarly journals Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga ◽  
Dora A. Martinez ◽  
Alvaro Diaz-Badillo ◽  
Liza D. Morales ◽  
Rector Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p &lt; 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Assessment of Demographic Factors Associated with Falciparum Malaria among Hospital Patients in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Yakusak Benjamin ◽  
Benjamin Bartholomew ◽  
Jabir Abdullahi ◽  
Liman, Mubarak Labaran
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospital Patients

Aim: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites that belong to the genus Plasmodium. It is responsible for the death of millions of people worldwide. This study was aimed at assessing some demographic factors associated with falciparum malaria among hospital patients in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out involving three hundred consenting participants. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data from the participants; blood samples were collected from them and screened for Plasmodium falciparum by Rapid Diagnostic Test. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined under the microscope to confirm the presence of the parasite.  The data obtained were analyzed and P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of malaria in males [22.6%] was slightly higher than females [21.7%]. The age group ≤10 had the highest prevalence followed by age groups 31-40 [31%], 11-20 [23.3%], 21-30 [12.6%] and ≥41 [9.1%] [p=0.002]. Participants who were married had higher prevalence [31.1%] than those who were divorced [0.0%] and single [13.2%] [p=0.000]. Conclusion: The research shows that Plasmodium falciparum is still prevalent in the study area. Age and marital status are important determinants of malaria prevalence as highlighted in this study. Children less than 10 years are at high risk for malaria, preventive measures should therefore target this group.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of a −176g>c Interleukin-6 Correlated with White Blood Cells Count in Obesity of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Dwi Eni Danarsih ◽  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Agus Kristianto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Cell Counts

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity can trigger inflammation by increasing the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) which leads to leukocyte recruitment, differentiation of B lymphocytes, activating T lymphocyte cells, and triggering hematopoiesis. Variations in the IL-6 promoter gene are known to affect transcription rates. The previous studies have still found different results regarding the relationship between these gene variations and blood cell numbers. AIM: This study aimed to determine the influence of IL-6 gene variation with white blood cells counts in obese people of Indonesia. METHODS: A total of 148 people participated in this cross-sectional study. The number of obese people was 80 subjects and there were 68 non-obese people as controls. Obesity was determined based on the criteria of Asians. RESULTS: Genotype CC was not found in this study, while the GC genotype was found only in the obese group. The GG genotype in obese group had waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and higher lymphocyte rates significantly higher than the non-obese group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Variation of −174G>C IL-6 gene is associated with high white blood cell counts, especially lymphocytes number in obese people in Indonesia.

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