scholarly journals The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5–10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrington C.J. Shepherd ◽  
Jianghong Li ◽  
Matthew N. Cooper ◽  
Katrina D. Hopkins ◽  
Brad M. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mehanović ◽  
Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽  
Fabrizio Faggiano ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Barbara Zunino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

Welfare Use in Japan: Trends and Determinants

2007 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Wataru Suzuki ◽  
Yanfei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Welfare Use ◽  
The Impact

This article represents the first step in filling a large gap in knowledge concerning why Public Assistance (PA) use recently rose so fast in Japan. Specifically, we try to address this problem not only by performing a Blanchard and Quah decomposition on long-term monthly time series data (1960:04-2006:10), but also by estimating prefecturelevel longitudinal data. Two interesting findings emerge from the time series analysis. The first is that permanent shock imposes a continuously positive impact on the PA rate and is the main driving factor behind the recent increase in welfare use. The second finding is that the impact of temporary shock will last for a long time. The rate of the use of welfare is quite rigid because even if the PA rate rises due to temporary shocks, it takes about 8 or 9 years for it to regain its normal level. On the other hand, estimations of prefecture-level longitudinal data indicate that the Financial Capability Index (FCI) of the local government2 and minimum wage both impose negative effects on the PA rate. We also find that the rapid aging of Japan's population presents a permanent shock in practice, which makes it the most prominent contribution to surging welfare use.

scholarly journals Protocol for PMA-Ethiopia: A new data source for cross-sectional and longitudinal data of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Linnea Zimmerman ◽  
Selam Desta ◽  
Mahari Yihdego ◽  
Ann Rogers ◽  
Ayanaw Amogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Background: Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-Ethiopia) is a survey project that builds on the PMA2020 and PMA Maternal and Newborn Health projects to generate timely and actionable data on a range of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) indicators using a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal data collection.  Objectives: This manuscript 1) describes the protocol for PMA- Ethiopia, and 2) describes the measures included in PMA Ethiopia and research areas that may be of interest to RMNH stakeholders. Methods: Annual data on family planning are gathered from a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of women age 15-49. Data on maternal and newborn health are gathered from a cohort of women who were pregnant or recently postpartum at the time of enrollment. Women are followed at 6-weeks, 6-months, and 1-year to understand health seeking behavior, utilization, and quality. Data from service delivery points (SDPs) are gathered annually to assess service quality and availability.  Households and SDPs can be linked at the enumeration area level to improve estimates of effective coverage. Discussion: Data from PMA-Ethiopia will be available at www.pmadata.org.  PMA-Ethiopia is a unique data source that includes multiple, simultaneously fielded data collection activities.  Data are available partner dynamics, experience with contraceptive use, unintended pregnancy, empowerment, and detailed information on components of services that are not available from other large-scale surveys. Additionally, we highlight the unique contribution of PMA Ethiopia data in assessing the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on RMNH.

scholarly journals STATE OF EXCEPTION THROUGH RASISME IN GO SET A WATCHMAN IN AGAMBEN’S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Damay Rahmawati ◽  
Ramadhani Ardianto Karsa Sunaryono ◽  
Mira Utami
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black People ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harper Lee

This study aims to see racism in the novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee as state of exception; a political philosophy of Agamben. Agamben's idea of ​​state of exception is used in this study as the theoretical framework. This research specifically reveals how racism becomes part of state of exception in American society around 1960s when the novel was written. The analysis focuses on issues of racism in American society as depicted in the novel. The issue of racism is taken with the aim of analyzing state of exception in USA, in dealing with racial discrimination. After analyzing the issues of racism and state of exception in the novel, this study reveals that racism in American society is politically structured. The finding of this study is the discrimination experienced by lower class citizens who are dominated by black people, as the impact of state of exception which affects their citizenship rights.

scholarly journals OncoThreads: Visualization of Large Scale Longitudinal Cancer Molecular Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A Harbig ◽  
Sabrina Nusrat ◽  
Tali Mazor ◽  
Qianwen Wang ◽  
Alexander Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Molecular profiling of patient tumors and liquid biopsies over time with next-generation sequencing technologies and new immuno-profile assays are becoming part of standard research and clinical practice. With the wealth of new longitudinal data, there is a critical need for visualizations for cancer researchers to explore and interpret temporal patterns not just in a single patient but across cohorts. To address this need we developed OncoThreads, a tool for the visualization of longitudinal clinical and cancer genomics and other molecular data in patient cohorts. The tool visualizes patient cohorts as temporal heatmaps and Sankey diagrams that support the interactive exploration and ranking of a wide range of clinical and molecular features. This allows analysts to discover temporal patterns in longitudinal data, such as the impact of mutations on response to a treatment, e.g. emergence of resistant clones. We demonstrate the functionality of OncoThreads using a cohort of 23 glioma patients sampled at 2-4 timepoints. OncoThreads is freely available at http://oncothreads.gehlenborglab.org and implemented in Javascript using the cBioPortal web API as a backend.

Lag as moderator meta-analysis: A methodological approach for synthesizing longitudinal data

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel A. Card
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Longitudinal data are common and essential to understanding human development. This paper introduces an approach to synthesizing longitudinal research findings called lag as moderator meta-analysis (LAMMA). This approach capitalizes on between-study variability in time lags studied in order to identify the impact of lag on estimates of stability and longitudinal prediction. The paper introduces linear, nonlinear, and mixed-effects approaches to LAMMA, and presents an illustrative example (with syntax and annotated output available as online Supplementary Materials). Several extensions of the basic LAMMA are considered, including artifact correction, multiple effect sizes from studies, and incorporating age as a predictor. It is hoped that LAMMA provides a framework for synthesizing longitudinal data to promote greater accumulation of knowledge in developmental science.

The misuse of drugs act – a user perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mat Southwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug Policy Reform

Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate the ways in which the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA) militates against the interests and situations of people who use drugs. The author reflects on the author’s journey as a drug user, drugs workers and drug user organiser to critique the MDA. The author describes the impact of the MDA on the author’s early experimentation with substances and highlights the limitations of simplistic drugs prevention. The author describes how the MDA maximises drug-related risks and undermines the creation of healthy cultural norms and community learning among people who use drugs. The author talks about the author’s work as a drugs practitioner and mourns the vandalism of the UK’s harm reduction and drug treatment system. This paper describes the opportunity to use drug policy reform as a progressive electoral agenda to begin the journey towards racial and social justice. This paper calls for the rejection of the Big Drugs Lie and the repeal of the failed MDA. Design/methodology/approach Personal reflection based on experience as drug user, drugs worker and drug user organiser. Findings Successive UK Governments have used the MDA as a tool of social control and racial discrimination. The Big Drugs Lie undermines science-based and rights-compliant drug policy and drug services and criminalises and puts young people at risk. There is the potential to build a progressive political alliance to remove the impediment of the MDA and use drug policy reform as tools for racial and social justice. Practical implications The MDA maximises the harms faced by people who use drugs, stokes stigma and discrimination and has undermined the quality of drug services. The MDA needs to be exposed and challenged as a tool for social control and racial discrimination. Delivering drug policy reform as a progressive electoral strategy could maximise its potential to improve social and racial justice. Originality/value This paper represents the view of people who use drugs by a drug user, a view which is seldom expressed in the length and level of argument shown here.

Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-226
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herron ◽  
Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African American Students ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
American Students ◽  
Learning School ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School ◽  
Out Of School

The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.

Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1284-1302
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herron ◽  
Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African American Students ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
American Students ◽  
Learning School ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School ◽  
Out Of School

The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.

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