Lag as moderator meta-analysis: A methodological approach for synthesizing longitudinal data

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel A. Card
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Longitudinal data are common and essential to understanding human development. This paper introduces an approach to synthesizing longitudinal research findings called lag as moderator meta-analysis (LAMMA). This approach capitalizes on between-study variability in time lags studied in order to identify the impact of lag on estimates of stability and longitudinal prediction. The paper introduces linear, nonlinear, and mixed-effects approaches to LAMMA, and presents an illustrative example (with syntax and annotated output available as online Supplementary Materials). Several extensions of the basic LAMMA are considered, including artifact correction, multiple effect sizes from studies, and incorporating age as a predictor. It is hoped that LAMMA provides a framework for synthesizing longitudinal data to promote greater accumulation of knowledge in developmental science.

The impact of chemotherapy on subjective cognitive complaints in breast cancer: Evidence from pooled analyses with longitudinal studies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24050-e24050
Author(s):  
Heeju Kim ◽  
Sun-Ok Jung ◽  
Esther Kim ◽  
Ivo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

e24050 Background: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is one of the most commonly occurring symptoms in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy (CTX) may be an important contributing factor to SCI, yet its association with SCI has been inconclusive. The meta-analysis with longitudinal data can provide more conclusive evidence as to the impact of CTX on SCI. This meta-analysis aimed to (a) determine whether CTX is associated with time-dependent SCI outcomes in breast cancer patients with pooled longitudinal data and (b) identify at the time point with the highest impact of CTX on SCI. Methods: Data were collected from Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and the Cochrane library in November 2020. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were calculated for the mean differences of the SCI level between the CTX treated patients and controls. Data were analyzed by and across clinical time periods; during CTX, within 1-month-post CTX, within 1-year-post CTX, and 1-year or longer post-CTX. Results: The longitudinal data were pooled with 9 data sets from 13 studies, including 857 patients treated by CTX, 410 patients not treated by CTX, and 517 healthy subjects. At baseline, CTX patients showed significantly better SCI compared to the non-CTX patient controls (ES=0.17, p=.031) and did not differ from healthy controls (ES = -0.04, p = .77). The CTX-treated patients had significantly worse SCI compared to both type of controls after initiating CTX. The effect sizes for the group differences were larger for the group comparison with healthy controls than the non-CTX control (- 0.16 for the comparison with non-CTX control, -0.51 for comparison with the healthy control). The largest time effect was found at the time point of within 1-month-post CTX in comparison with the healthy control (- 0.81). Conclusions: Our analysis indicated the association of CTX with SCI. Yet, more studies are needed to confirm the impact of CTX as (a) the effect size for the comparison with non-CTX control is very small and (b) limited data on the comparison with controls at the time point during active CTX and immediately after CTX. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of thigmotactic behaviour in the open field test in rodent models associated with persistent pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e100135
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Zhang ◽  
Jan Vollert ◽  
Emily S Sena ◽  
Andrew SC Rice ◽  
Nadia Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThigmotaxis is an innate predator avoidance behaviour of rodents and is enhanced when animals are under stress. It is characterised by the preference of a rodent to seek shelter, rather than expose itself to the aversive open area. The behaviour has been proposed to be a measurable construct that can address the impact of pain on rodent behaviour. This systematic review will assess whether thigmotaxis can be influenced by experimental persistent pain and attenuated by pharmacological interventions in rodents.Search strategyWe will conduct search on three electronic databases to identify studies in which thigmotaxis was used as an outcome measure contextualised to a rodent model associated with persistent pain. All studies published until the date of the search will be considered.Screening and annotationTwo independent reviewers will screen studies based on the order of (1) titles and abstracts, and (2) full texts.Data management and reportingFor meta-analysis, we will extract thigmotactic behavioural data and calculate effect sizes. Effect sizes will be combined using a random-effects model. We will assess heterogeneity and identify sources of heterogeneity. A risk-of-bias assessment will be conducted to evaluate study quality. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s regression and trim-and-fill analysis. We will also extract stimulus-evoked limb withdrawal data to assess its correlation with thigmotaxis in the same animals. The evidence obtained will provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of using thigmotactic outcome measure in animal pain research so that future experimental designs can be optimised. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines and disseminate the review findings through publication and conference presentation.

scholarly journals Does Neonatal Imitation Exist? Insights From a Meta-Analysis of 336 Effect Sizes

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162095983
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Davis ◽  
Jonathan Redshaw ◽  
Thomas Suddendorf ◽  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Siobhan Kennedy-Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Neonatal imitation is a cornerstone in many theoretical accounts of human development and social behavior, yet its existence has been debated for the past 40 years. To examine possible explanations for the inconsistent findings in this body of research, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis synthesizing 336 effect sizes from 33 independent samples of human newborns, reported in 26 articles. The meta-analysis found significant evidence for neonatal imitation ( d = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.39, 0.96], p < .001) but substantial heterogeneity between study estimates. This heterogeneity was not explained by any of 13 methodological moderators identified by previous reviews, but it was associated with researcher affiliation, test of moderators ( QM) (15) = 57.09, p < .001. There are at least two possible explanations for these results: (a) Neonatal imitation exists and its detection varies as a function of uncaptured methodological factors common to a limited set of studies, and (2) neonatal imitation does not exist and the overall positive result is an artifact of high researcher degrees of freedom.

Fear the Government? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Government Funding on Nonprofit Advocacy Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonprofit Advocacy

This article examines the impact of government funding on nonprofit participation in policy advocacy. Previous literature has proposed that government funding may either encourage or inhibit nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy. This study, using a meta-analysis of 38 existing studies with 218 effect sizes, finds a slight positive association between the level of government funding a nonprofit receives and the level of policy advocacy the nonprofit participates in. Government funding could be a weak catalyst, rather than an obstacle, for nonprofits to participate in the policy process. Furthermore, the study finds that this effect of government funding might be generalizable to non-U.S. countries. Government funding is also associated with nonprofits’ increasing use of insider advocacy strategy. Overall, government funding seems not a key predictor of the level of nonprofit advocacy engagement. Nonprofit leaders should not consider government funding a barrier for them to fulfill their critical advocacy obligations.

scholarly journals Influence of Pilot and Small Trials in Meta-Analyses of Behavioral Interventions: A Meta-epidemiological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
John P.A. Ioannidis ◽  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Lauren von Klinggraeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Pilot/feasibility or studies with small sample sizes may be associated with inflated effects. This study explores the vibration of effect sizes (VoE) in meta-analyses when considering different inclusion criteria based upon sample size or pilot/feasibility status. Methods: Searches were conducted for meta-analyses of behavioral interventions on topics related to the prevention/treatment of childhood obesity from 01-2016 to 10-2019. The computed summary effect sizes (ES) were extracted from each meta-analysis. Individual studies included in the meta-analyses were classified into one of the following four categories: self-identified pilot/feasibility studies or based upon sample size (N≤100, N>100, and N>370 the upper 75th of sample size). The VoE was defined as the absolute difference (ABS) between the re-estimations of summary ES restricted to study classifications compared to the originally reported summary ES. Concordance (kappa) of statistical significance between summary ES was assessed. Fixed and random effects models and meta-regressions were estimated. Three case studies are presented to illustrate the impact of including pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies on the estimated summary ES.Results: A total of 1,602 effect sizes, representing 145 reported summary ES, were extracted from 48 meta-analyses containing 603 unique studies (avg. 22 avg. meta-analysis, range 2-108) and included 227,217 participants. Pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies comprised 22% (0-58%) and 21% (0-83%) of studies. Meta-regression indicated the ABS between the re-estimated and original summary ES where summary ES were comprised of ≥40% of N≤100 studies was 0.29. The ABS ES was 0.46 when summary ES comprised of >80% of both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies. Where ≤40% of the studies comprising a summary ES had N>370, the ABS ES ranged from 0.20-0.30. Concordance was low when removing both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies (kappa=0.53) and restricting analyses only to the largest studies (N>370, kappa=0.35), with 20% and 26% of the originally reported statistically significant ES rendered non-significant. Reanalysis of the three case study meta-analyses resulted in the re-estimated ES rendered either non-significant or half of the originally reported ES. Conclusions: When meta-analyses of behavioral interventions include a substantial proportion of both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies, summary ES can be affected markedly and should be interpreted with caution.

A-54 The Relationship between Age and MMSE Performance Amongst Individuals with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1096
Author(s):  
Natasha Nemanim ◽  
Nicholas Lackey ◽  
Eric J Connors ◽  
Alexander O Hauson ◽  
Anna Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective A previous meta-analysis assessing the impact of heart failure (HF) on cognition found the HF group performed more poorly than the healthy control (HC) on global cognition measures. The study observed a medium effect and moderate heterogeneity when using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to measure HF’s impact on global cognition. The current meta-regression explores whether the mean age of the HF group moderates performance on the MMSE when comparing HF patients to HC. Data Selection Two researchers independently searched eight databases, extracted data, and calculated effect sizes as part of a larger study. Inclusion criteria were: (a) adults with a diagnosis of HF, (b) comparison of HF patients to HC, and (c) adequate data to calculate effect sizes. Articles were excluded if patients had other types of organ failure, the article was not available in English, or there was a risk of sample overlap with another included study. Twelve articles (HF n = 1166 and HC n = 1948) were included. The unrestricted maximum likelihood computational model was used for the meta-regression. Data Synthesis Studies included in the meta-regression evidenced a statistically significant medium effect size estimate with moderate heterogeneity (k = 12, g = 0.671, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 80.91%). The meta-regression was statistically significant (slope = −0.023, p = 0.0022, Qmodel = 5.26, df = 1, p = 0.022). Conclusions Individuals with HF performed more poorly on the MMSE than HC. Larger effect sizes on the MMSE were observed in studies with participants who were younger compared to studies with participants who were older. Future research should continue to delineate the impact of age on global cognition in individuals with HF.

Collecting and Delivering Client Feedback

2019 ◽  
pp. 580-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lambert ◽  
Jason L. Whipple ◽  
Maria Kleinstäuber
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Routine Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Outcome Questionnaire ◽  
Client Feedback ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Client Progress ◽  
The Impact

This meta-analysis examines the impact of measuring, monitoring, and feeding back information on client progress to clinicians while they deliver psychotherapy. It considers the effects of the two most frequently studied routine outcome monitoring practices: the Partners for Change Outcome System and the Outcome Questionnaire System. Meta-analyses of 24 studies produced effect sizes from small to moderate. Feedback practices reduced deterioration rates and nearly doubled clinically significant/reliable change rates in clients who were predicted to have a poor outcome. Clinical examples, diversity considerations, and therapeutic advances are provided.

scholarly journals Compensatory Interventions for Cognitive Impairments in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Kristi van-der-EL ◽  
Shayden Bryce ◽  
Emma M Parrish ◽  
Susan R McGurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Cognitive compensatory interventions aim to alleviate psychosocial disability by targeting functioning directly using aids and strategies, thereby minimizing the impact of cognitive impairment. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive compensatory interventions for psychosis by examining the effects on functioning and symptoms, and exploring whether intervention factors, study design, and age influenced effect sizes. Methods Electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsychINFO) were searched up to October 2018. Records obtained through electronic and manual searches were screened independently by two reviewers according to selection criteria. Data were extracted to calculate estimated effects (Hedge’s g) of treatment on functioning and symptoms at post-intervention and follow-up. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Results Twenty-six studies, from 25 independent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis (1654 participants, mean age = 38.9 years, 64% male). Meta-analysis revealed a medium effect of compensatory interventions on functioning compared to control conditions (Hedge’s g = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.60, P &lt; .001), with evidence of relative durability at follow-up (Hedge’s g = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.54, P &lt; .001). Analysis also revealed small significant effects of cognitive compensatory treatment on negative, positive, and general psychiatric symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. Estimated effects did not significantly vary according to treatment factors (ie, compensatory approach, dosage), delivery method (ie, individual/group), age, or risk of bias. Longer treatment length was associated with larger effect sizes for functioning outcomes. No evidence of publication bias was identified. Conclusion Cognitive compensatory interventions are associated with robust, durable improvements in functioning in people with psychotic illnesses.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee-Related Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Paruzel ◽  
Hannah J. P. Klug ◽  
Günter W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Although there is much research on the relationships of corporate social responsibility and employee-related outcomes, a systematic and quantitative integration of research findings is needed to substantiate and broaden our knowledge. A meta-analysis allows the comparison of the relations of different types of CSR on several different outcomes, for example to learn what type of CSR is most important to employees. From a theoretical perspective, social identity theory is the most prominent theoretical approach in CSR research, so we aim to investigate identification as a mediator of the relationship between CSR and employee-related outcomes in a meta-analytical mediation model. This meta-analysis synthesizes research findings on the relationship between employees' perception of CSR (people, planet, and profit) and employee-related outcomes (identification, engagement, organizational attractiveness, turnover (intentions), OCB, commitment, and job satisfaction), thereby distinguishing attitudes and behavior. A total of 143 studies (N = 89,396) were included in the meta-analysis which was conducted according to the methods by Schmidt and Hunter (except of the meta-analytical structural equation model). Mean effect sizes for the relationship between CSR and employee-related attitudes and behaviors were medium-sized to large. For attitudes, the relationships were stronger than for behavior. For specific types of CSR, average effect sizes were large. Identification mediated the relation between CSR and commitment, job satisfaction, and OCB, respectively. Based on our results, we give recommendations concerning the design of CSR initiatives in a way that benefits employees.

Effectiveness of training workplace managers to understand and support the mental health needs of employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Gayed ◽  
Josie S Milligan-Saville ◽  
Jennifer Nicholas ◽  
Bridget T Bryan ◽  
Anthony D LaMontagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Employee Outcomes ◽  
Manager Training ◽  
The Impact

Managers are in an influential position to make decisions that can impact on the mental health and well-being of their employees. As a result, there is an increasing trend for organisations to provide managers with training in how to reduce work-based mental health risk factors for their employees. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify workplace interventions for managers with an emphasis on the mental health of employees reporting directing to them. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled effect sizes using the random effects model for both manager and employee outcomes. Ten controlled trials were identified as relevant for this review. Outcomes evaluating managers’ mental health knowledge (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.73; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.03; p<0.001), non-stigmatising attitudes towards mental health (SMD=0.36; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.53; p<0.001) and improving behaviour in supporting employees experiencing mental health problems (SMD=0.59; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.03; p=0.01) were found to have significant pooled effect sizes favouring the intervention. A significant pooled effect was not found for the small number of studies evaluating psychological symptoms in employees (p=0.28). Our meta-analysis indicates that training managers in workplace mental health can improve their knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviour in supporting employees experiencing mental health problems. At present, any findings regarding the impact of manager training on levels of psychological distress among employees remain preliminary as only a very limited amount of research evaluating employee outcomes is available. Our review suggests that in order to understand the effectiveness of manager training on employees, an increase in collection of employee level data is required.

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