scholarly journals STATE OF EXCEPTION THROUGH RASISME IN GO SET A WATCHMAN IN AGAMBEN’S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Damay Rahmawati ◽  
Ramadhani Ardianto Karsa Sunaryono ◽  
Mira Utami
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black People ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harper Lee

This study aims to see racism in the novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee as state of exception; a political philosophy of Agamben. Agamben's idea of ​​state of exception is used in this study as the theoretical framework. This research specifically reveals how racism becomes part of state of exception in American society around 1960s when the novel was written. The analysis focuses on issues of racism in American society as depicted in the novel. The issue of racism is taken with the aim of analyzing state of exception in USA, in dealing with racial discrimination. After analyzing the issues of racism and state of exception in the novel, this study reveals that racism in American society is politically structured. The finding of this study is the discrimination experienced by lower class citizens who are dominated by black people, as the impact of state of exception which affects their citizenship rights.

What Happens in Vegas: Hunter S. Thompson's Political Philosophy

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
JASON VREDENBURG
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Hardt And Negri ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Antonio Negri ◽  
The Relationship

In the forty years since its publication, Hunter S. Thompson's most famous work, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, has received relatively little attention from scholars, in spite of its continuing popularity and acknowledged influence. Because the narrative is so thoroughly rooted in what Thompson called “this foul year of Our Lord, 1971,” the novel is generally approached (when it is discussed at all) as a historical artifact, a gonzo first draft of history, with its fortunes rising and falling with the counterculture of the 1960s. This article argues that Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, far from being merely an epitaph for the 1960s, actually anticipates the more recent work of political theorists Giorgio Agamben, Michael Hardt, and Antonio Negri. Thompson's work, like Agamben's, concerns the emergence of the state of exception and the homo sacer as new paradigms for the relationship between citizen and state; and, like Hardt and Negri, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas attempts to formulate a response to the emergence of global empire.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOLOMON NORTHUP’S 12 YEARS A SLAVE

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmita Utami Harahap And Fauziah Khairani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Black People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research was focused on racial discrimination faced by the major characters and their resistances in 12 Years A Slave novel. This study was aimed This study was aimed to investigate the racial disrimination and the resistances in the novel. This study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative method. The source of data was taken from 12 Years A Slave novel. The data are collected by using documentary techniques. Instrument for collecting the data is using documentary sheet. The results of this research were the racial discrimination and resistances happened in 12 Years A Slave. The racial discrimination in this novel happened towards the Black People and all discriminated people do the resistances to make their life better. As Northup is the main character so he got the most discrimination, then in the second position is Patsey and the last is Eliza Berry. Meanwhile the resistances done the most by Northup until he finally got freedom, and Patsey also did it twice and Eliza Berry did it three times. It can be concluded that the three major character who are slaves got discriminated and they did the resistances to save their life, even its only Northup who got the freedom in the end.

scholarly journals AN IMAGE OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS THROUGH UPDIKE’S TERRORIST: A STUDY OF IDENTIFICATION AND REPRESENTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Diba Prajamitha Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Lacan ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Symbolic Identification ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

In the aftermath of September 9/11 tragedy, an image of Muslim dramatically becomes popular topic and object for the researchers. Although analyses for the most part tend to explain the image of Muslim in negative and stereotypical tendency, the wave of action that expresses positive image of Muslim has surfaced in American society. In that case, this thesis using a novel to see that social phenomena attempted to reveal that an image of American Muslims as represented by Ahmad Ashmawy Mulloy in Updike’s Terrorist contributed to endorse an image of Muslim neither as extremist nor as terrorist. To achieve its purpose, firstly this study employs theory of imaginary and symbolic identification from Jacques Lacan. This theory is used to explain the impact of fatherless background, the presence of surrogate father and the influence of another figure on Ahmad. Secondly focusing on an image of American Muslims, theory of representation from Hall is applied. His theory is as a bridge that Muslim can be constructed and represented in the novel. Furthermore, opinions about extremist and moderate Muslim are used to explain those images through characteristics such as thought, action and orientation. The result of the study reveals that the process of identification divides people whom Ahmad had interaction into category of Muslim and non-Muslim group. Muslim group teaches Islamic identity to Ahmad and non-Muslim group plays big role to influence Ahmad to integrate himself into American society. Due to those groups, an identity and image of Ahmad is always related to the other. Focusing on Ahmad’s representation as American Muslim, he shows that there are three images such as extremist, transitional and moderate. As a result, through depicting Ahmad as moderate Muslim, Muslim is not terrorist.Keywords: American Muslim, identification, representation, extremist Muslim, moderate Muslim

scholarly journals Narrative Voice Structure in Kole Omotoso’s The Edifice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Raifu O. Farinde ◽  
Wasiu A. Oyedokun-Alli
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black People ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Discrimination And Oppression ◽  
The One

This article offers a reading of Kole Omotoso’s The Edifice in which he exposes the themes of insensitivity, callousness, aggressiveness, oppression, marginalization and racial discrimination of the whites against the black people successfully. It is clear that the most important and highly unique technique that the writer uses to advantage and which projects the theme of the novel forward is the one of conversational speech which contributes highly to the success of the novel. This explains the reason the present writer is picking the novel out of all Omotoso’s novels because it makes it more prone to linguistic analysis more than most African literary works. Using linguistic stylistic analytical tool of narrative voice structure and focusing particularly on free direct speech and free direct thought, this paper examines the themes of racial discrimination and oppression of the whites against the black people in the novel. From the analysis, the paper concludes that the implication of this racial discrimination is that all the expressions used in the novel against the black people by the whites are exaggerated, hyperbolic and highly calculated to depict African race in bad light.

scholarly journals SANG KLONING YANG KUASA PRODUKSI DAN REPRODUKSI BARE LIFE DALAM FILM US

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Abi Ihsanullah ◽  
Badri Badri ◽  
Winda Eka Pahla Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
State Of Exception ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

The aims of this study are to reveal how the forming processes of sovereignty through state of exception so it appears bare life, and how homo sacer attempt to face sovereign state in US movie. This analyses are focuses on political issues in American society under American government which is reflected in US movie. Political issues are taken up by analyzing the political movement which is taken by the goverment. After analyzing the political policies taken by the government, this research will reveal production and reproduction through state of exception in creating sovereign state. State of exception refers to ethnic and racist. This research uses of Jordan Peele's US movie and theory of sovereign & bare life according to Giorgio Agamben. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The findings are the government gives different treatment to their citizens. The government gives special treatment to the society in general, while they exception and discrimination against the tethered. Exception and discrimination are the impact of the adaptation of law in order to fulfill the society needs.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOLOMON NORTHUP’S 12 YEARS A SLAVE

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmita Utami Harahap And Fauziah Khairani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Black People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research was focused on racial discrimination faced by the major characters and their resistances in 12 Years A Slave novel. This study was aimed This study was aimed to investigate the racial disrimination and the resistances in the novel. This study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative method. The source of data was taken from 12 Years A Slave novel. The data are collected by using documentary techniques. Instrument for collecting the data is using documentary sheet. The results of this research were the racial discrimination and resistances happened in 12 Years A Slave. The racial discrimination in this novel happened towards the Black People and all discriminated people do the resistances to make their life better. As Northup is the main character so he got the most discrimination, then in the second position is Patsey and the last is Eliza Berry. Meanwhile the resistances done the most by Northup until he finally got freedom, and Patsey also did it twice and Eliza Berry did it three times. It can be concluded that the three major character who are slaves got discriminated and they did the resistances to save their life, even its only Northup who got the freedom in the end.

scholarly journals The Impact of Capitalist Psychology of Mid Victorian Erain Charles Dickens’ Novel Great Expectations

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Muna Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
First Person ◽  
Central Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The Impact

My thesis argues that Charles Dickens reflects the capitalist psychology of mid Victorian London in his novel Great Expectations. It is fully narrated in the first person and a time conquering master piece of Charles Dickens. In this novel, he touches on expectations in the life of diverse characters, the greatest of which being the expectation of Pip, the central character of the novel and also his moves from childhood to adulthood. He portrays how difficult it is for a lower class person to become a gentleman. The life for the upper class is easy but the life for the lower class is hard and painful in Victorian England. He vividly represents the existing picture of the society working in the minds of various characters and their expectations. Dickens's themes include wealth and poverty, love and rejection and the eventual triumph of good over evil.The purpose of this study is to describe the writer’s view of capitalism and its consequences such as ending of family units, illness, mutual exploitation, human passions, expectations and selfishness through character and plot.

scholarly journals NALAR POLITIK KEDAULATAN NEGARA-BANGSA DALAM NOVEL LAYALY TURKISTAN KARYA NAJIB AL-KAILANI THE POLITICAL REASON OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE NATION STATE IN THE NOVEL "LAYELY TURKISTAN" BY NAJIB AL-KAILANI

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Material Object ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Textual Data

Abstrak Penelitian ini mencoba untuk memahami politik kolonial yang dilakukan terhadap bangsa Turkistan dalam novel Nights in Turkistan karya Najib Al-Kailani melalui perspektif filsafat politik Giorgio Agamben. Lokus utama penelitian ini dengan perspektif tersebut mencoba menyibak proses normalisasi paradigma politik kolonial yang terdiri dari kekuasaan berdaulat, state of exception, bare life (ketelanjangan hidup), dan homo sacer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Metode ini digunakan karena sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa data tekstual yang terdiri dari kata, kalimat, paragraf dari objek material penelitian. Praktik kolonial yang dijalankan oleh pihak Cina dan Rusia menjadikan bangsa Turkistan mengalami degradasi eksistensinya baik dari aspek sosial, politik, maupun budaya. Karena itu penelitian ini akan menyibak lebih dalam proses kolonial yang dilakukan oleh Cina dan Rusia dari kritik filsafat politik Giorgio Agamben. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertama, praktik kolonialisme membawai konsekuensi kekuasaan berdaulat yang mencari legalitas hukum sekaligus penangguhan hukum terhadap aksi koloni; kedua, bangsa Turkistan yang tereduksi dan terdegradasi eksistensinya rentan terhadap tindakan koersif kolonial sehingga mereka tidak memiliki aksesibilas yang sempurna. Kata kunci: State Of Exception, Homo Sacer dan Layaly Turkistan Abstract This paper examines to understand the colonial politics that was carried out against the Turkistan people in Najib Al-Kailani's novel Nights in Turkistan through the framework of Giorgio Agamben's political philosophy. The main focus of this research with this perspective is trying to uncover the process of normalizing the colonial political paradigm, which consists of sovereign power, state of exception, bare life, and homo sacer. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. This method is used because the data of this research is textual data consisting of words, sentences, paragraphs by the material object. The colonial practices carried out by the Chinese and Russians made the Turkistan nation experience a degradation of its existence from both social, political, and cultural aspects. Thus, this research will reveal more deeply the colonial process carried out by China and Russia than Giorgio Agamben's critique of political philosophy. The results of this study indicate that first, the practice of colonialism carries the consequences of sovereign power seeking legality as well as legal suspension of colony actions; second, the Turkistan peoples who were reduced and degraded in existence were vulnerable to colonial coercive action so that they did not have perfect accessibility. Keyword: State Of Exception, Homo Sacer dan Layaly Turkistan

The Impact of Computers on Education and the Widening Income Gap

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Computer Skills ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Rich ◽  
American Society ◽  
Black Unemployment ◽  
The Impact

America is rapidly moving into the computer age, and as a result, new opportunities will be available for those appropriately prepared. Blacks stand to move even further behind Whites from an economic standpoint as high technology becomes more pervasive because they tend to be clustered in schools where computers are less available to students, and they hold jobs where they are less likely to learn computer skills. Even in the past four years, there has been a widening of the income gap in America—that is, the rich have gotten richer, while the poor have become poorer. Black people are disproportionately affected by this situation because they are overrepresented at the lower income levels. Meanwhile, the level of black unemployment, especially among young people, remains frightfully high. Unless steps are taken so that Blacks gain computer skills and thus have access to some of the meaningful jobs that are developed in the high technology society, a social crisis of immense proportions will develop. A knowledgeable and employable black population will make positive contributions to the development of American society. A large cohort of computer illiterate Blacks, whose main chance of employment would be restricted to menial jobs, will produce divisions that will be problematic for all Americans.

scholarly journals Adressaadi dünaamikast Harriet Jacobsi orjanarratiivis "Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl ja Eduard Vilde ajaloolises romaanis "Mahtra Sõda" / The Impact of Implied Reader on Harriet Jacobs' Slave Narrative Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl and Eduard Vilde's Historical Novel Mahtra sõda

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (17/18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadri Naanu
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Black People ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Slave Narrative ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The North ◽  
Narrative Device ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Impact

Teesid: Orjust ja orjandust puudutavate kirjandusteoste kirjapanemise eesmärk ulatub sageli autori isiklikest kunstilistest taotlustest kaugemale ja on seotud sooviga teksti lugejat mõjutada, mistõttu on kirjutajate jaoks oluline võita nende publiku usaldus. Artikkel uurib, milliseid vahendeid eesti ja AafrikaAmeerika autorid kasutavad, et veenda lugejaid oma tekstide või minevikutõlgenduse tõeväärtuses. Analüüs toetub Harriet Jacobsi kanoonilisele orjanarratiivile „Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl“ (1861) ja Eduard Vilde ajaloolisele romaanile „Mahtra sõda“ (1902). Kahte nõnda erinevasse kirjandustraditsiooni kuuluvate tekstide käsitlemine ühe artikli piirides aitas märgata huvitavat paralleeli – mõlemad analüüsitud autorid toetusid teostes dokumentaalsele abimaterjalile, et paigutada tekstis kirjeldatud sündmuseid tekstivälisesse maailma. Texts that depict slavery or serfdom, both autobiographical and fictional, are often written with a purpose that is not restricted to the artistic objectives of a particular author. Their purpose may be to find supporters for the abolitionist cause, to provide the readers with an understanding of the everyday conditions of slavery or serfdom, or to use the past in order to speak about the present, etc. In order to reach these objectives and not alienate their audience, the literary work has to take into account the reader’s expectations (i.e., regarding the genre) or their prejudice (i.e., regarding the author). This means that these supposed ideas or prejudices influence the ways in which authors tell the story. This article explores the dynamics of address in Harriet Jacobs’s autobiographical slave narrative Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Eduard Vilde’s historical novel The War of Mahtra (1902) in order to outline the strategies the authors use to gain the reader’s trust and connect their work with the world outside the text. These strategies have also influenced the reception of the work. Harriet Ann Jacobs’ autobiographical slave narrative Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl that was published under the pseudonym Linda Brent relies on many strategies used by slave narrators who sought to find supporters for the abolitionist cause. Jacobs addresses her text to the white women in the North. As a former slave she had to take her audience’s prejudice against black people into account and try to overturn them in her narrative. In order to gain her readers’ trust, she incorporates cover letters that attest to her reliability as a reader as well as other documents. Eduard Vilde’s novel The War of Mahtra is the first part of the author’s historical trilogy that focuses on the peasant insurrections that took place in the Estonian territory after the new peasant law of 1856. The central episode of the novel is the insurgency in the Mahtra manor where the peasants revolted against the soldiers sent to discipline them. The events of the insurrection were still in the memory of the novel’s readers when Vilde published the text. For this reason it was important for the author to align his view of the insurrection with the readers’ understanding of the events. Therefore, the author relies on historical records that he cites in his novel (a narrative device not used at the time by other authors) and incorporates evidence from archival documents into his text.

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