scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorders and atopic dermatitis: a new perspective from country-based prevalence data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractRecently, a continuous growth for both neurodevelopmental and atopic diseases’ incidence was seen throughout the world. Notably, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) attracted the attention of clinicians and scientists for their impact on the quality of life of patients, starting during childhood. Despite a number of hypotheses about common pathogenesis between the two disorders, uncertainty is still present, and data coming from various parts of the world are contradictory. Fortunately, works recently published have brought useful material for comparative analysis to the benefit of the scientific community, making large scale, country-based perspectives methodologically viable. In light of that, the present study took into account uniform data, available from country-based registries or related publications, dealing with the prevalence of the two conditions around the world, and tried to setup a simple correlation analysis between the two. According to such data, the growth of AD and ASD prevalence appear uncorrelated, leading to hypothesise that, if a common etiopathological pathway exists between the two conditions, they are likely to interact to each other due to a complex interplay of co-morbidities, genes and environmental players not enough explained by a simple correlation analysis. Such facts are worth investigation in future research.

Validation of Wearable Sensor Technology to Measure Social Proximity of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 108835762110282
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Douglas ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Saptarshi Das ◽  
Subir Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) struggle to develop appropriate social skills, which can lead to later social rejection, isolation, and mental health concerns. Educators play an important role in supporting and monitoring social skill development for children with ASD, but the tools used by educators are often tedious, lack suitable sensitivity, provide limited information to plan interventions, and are time-consuming. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the use of a sensor system to measure social proximity between three children with ASD and their peers in an inclusive preschool setting. We compared video-coded data with sensor data using point-by-point agreement to measure the accuracy of the sensor system. Results suggest that the sensor system can adequately measure social proximity between children with ASD and their peers. The next steps for sensor system validation are discussed along with clinical and educational implications, limitations, and future research directions.

scholarly journals The Technique of Teaching Children with ASD How to Work with Salted Dough

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
T.V. Korotkaya
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Development of fine motor skills is an important part of corrective work with children with autism spectrum disorders. The salted dough is well suited for this purpose: the dough can be rolled, kneaded, rolled out with a rolling pin, wiped through a strainer and grated, which causes a lot of interest in children and motivates them to the lessons. The stages and techniques of teaching children at classes within the creative workshop “We Shape the World with Our Own” in the Federal Resource Center for Organization of Comprehensive Support for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders are described. Recommendations are given on the use of techniques for working with salt dough.

Fostering Inclusion of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Daily Settings Through Technological Supports

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-245
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Stasolla ◽  
Alessandro O. Caffò ◽  
Viviana Perilli
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This chapter emphasizes a selective overview of the newest empirical contributions available in the literature within the last decade (i.e., 2008-2019) regarding the use of assistive technology for the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in daily settings. According to the including and excluding criteria, 40 studies were retained and grouped in five main categories, namely (1) communication skills, (2) adaptive and/or social skills, (3) life skills, (4) challenging behaviors, and (5) academic performance. The first aim of the chapter was to outline strengths and weaknesses of the aforementioned studies. The second objective of the chapter was to provide some practical and illustrative examples of assistive technology-based programs aimed at the integration of children with ASD in daily settings. Finally, the third purpose was to discuss the findings pointing out some useful guidelines for future research and practice. Results were fairly positive, although some failure occurred. Clinical, educational, psychological, and rehabilitative implications were critically discussed.

Assistive Technologies and Design for People With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Denise Gulino
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Specific Technology

This chapter has the aim to provide a concise overview of which assistive technology tools can be used to implement interventions for people with autism spectrum disorders and what developers and designers must take into account when they want to approach to the development of these technologies. Four areas of intervention have been identified: (1) treatment of phobias, (2) social interactions, (3) academic skills, (4) job performance. Ten contributions have been reviewed for a total of 216 participants. Positive results and limits of various studies have been identified. In each session a specific technology will be analyzed, and some general guidelines will be provided. Some suggestions will be emphasized for future research.

scholarly journals Current state of evidence of cannabis utilization for treatment of autism spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Agarwal ◽  
Shanna L. Burke ◽  
Marlaina Maddux
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The core symptoms and co-morbidities associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect daily living and quality of life. Existing pharmacological interventions are only able to attenuate some related symptoms but are unable to address the underlying etiologies associated with ASD. Anecdotal evidence, which claims benefit from the use of cannabis to treat symptoms among this population, has been gaining popularity as families seek solutions. This paper analyzed recent peer-reviewed literature to identify the current state of evidence regarding cannabis use for the ASD population. Systematic reviews, reports, and experimental studies were assessed to understand the current extent and nature of the evidence on the risks and benefits of cannabis use for ASD. At this time, three large-scale clinical trials are currently at varying stages of progress and publication of results. Only five small studies were identified that have specifically examined cannabis use in ASD. Given the sparse state of evidence directly assessed in this population, studies which examined effects of cannabis on shared pathological symptoms of ASD such as hyperactivity, sleep disorders, self-injury, anxiety, behavioral problems, and communication were also reviewed. Studies revealed mixed and inconclusive findings of cannabis effects for all conditions, except epilepsy. Adverse outcomes were also reported, which included severe psychosis, increased agitation, somnolence, decreased appetite, and irritability. In addition, a wide range of cannabis compositions and dosage were identified within the studies, which impact generalizability. There is currently insufficient evidence for cannabis use in ASD, which creates an urgent need for additional large-scale controlled studies to increase understanding of risks and benefits and also to examine the impact of “entourage effects.” This will support discussions of treatment options between health care providers and ASD patients and their families. Evidence may lead to a desired new line of treatment or prevent adverse outcomes from unsubstantiated use amongst families aiming for symptom reduction.

scholarly journals Excess of non-verbal cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) presenting to orthodox clinical practice in Africa - a trend possibly resulting from late diagnosis and intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muideen O Bakare ◽  
Kerim M Munir
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> Characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in Africa are not known because of unavailability of large-scale epidemiological studies in this region. This review explored the age at first presentation to orthodox clinical practice of African children with ASDs and their expressive language ability at presentation.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> A literature search of case series and case reports of ASDs from Africa was done through PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and archives of the Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry. Six articles included content relating to age of the child at first presentation to orthodox clinical practice and symptoms at presentation related to expressive language ability and therefore fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Suggestions are made to explain the observations emanating from the review.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> An excess of non-verbal over verbal cases of ASDs have been presenting to orthodox clinical practice and there is a common denominator of late presentation/diagnosis and in turn late intervention, with most cases presenting for the first time well above 8 years of age. Attempts to explain these observations included low levels of knowledge and awareness about ASDs in Africa; problems with help-seeking behaviour; and lack of mental healthcare facilities and trained personnel.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Enhancement of processes directed at ensuring early diagnosis and interventions, especially interventions aimed at improving speech and language development well and sufficiently early, may bring about a shift in the trend of excess non-verbal cases of ASDs over verbal cases presenting to orthodox clinical practice.</p>

scholarly journals A large-scale screen for coding variants in SERT/SLC6A4in autism spectrum disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Sakurai ◽  
Jennifer Reichert ◽  
Ellen J. Hoffman ◽  
Guiqing Cai ◽  
Hywel B. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Coding Variants

scholarly journals The influence of calcium signaling on the development of autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Н.В. Соловьева ◽  
С.В. Чаусова ◽  
И.В. Кичук ◽  
Е.В. Макарова
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calcium Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) являются сложной группой нейропсихиатрических заболеваний с точки зрения этиопатогенеза. В основе нейрональных нарушений, приводящих к аутистической симптоматике, лежат дисфункции сигнальных путей. Согласно последним исследованиям одним из наиболее значимых сигнальных путей в развитии данной группы заболеваний является кальциевый сигнальный путь. Кальциевая сигнализация тесно связана с такими сигнальными путями, как MAPK-, Wnt-, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-, нарушение в работе которых приводит к нарушениям серотонинергической, дофаминергической, опиоидной, холинергической, глутаматергической, ГАМКергической передачи и влечет за собой эксайтотоксичность за счёт гиперактивации NMDA- и AMPA-рецепторов, повреждение и гибель нейронов. Все эти процессы в нейрональных клетках напрямую связаны с формированием долговременного потенцирования и депрессии, а нарушения в этих клетках приводят к дисфункции базисных психических процессов. С клинической точки зрения кальциевый сигнальный путь может стать одной из основных мишеней для фармакологической коррекции симптоматических проявлений РАС. Очевидно, что дальнейшие исследования на животных моделях и электрофизиологические клинические исследования необходимы для понимания патогенетических особенностей развития РАС, а также какое именно место занимает сигнальный путь Ca 2+ в данных состояниях. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы, для прояснения потенциальной роли сигнализации Ca 2+в изменениях социального или стериотипического поведении пациентов, что является основной обенностью РАС. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neuropsychiatric diseases with a complex etiopathogenesis. Neuronal disorders leading to autistic symptoms are determined by dysfunction of signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that the calcium signaling pathway is one of the major significant pathways for this group of disorders. Calcium signaling is closely linked to MAPK-, Wnt-, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR -pathways, which abnormalities lead to dysfunction of serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioidergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic transmission and result in excitotoxicity due to hyperactivation of NMDA and AMPA receptors and neuronal damage and death. These processes in neuronal cells are associated with formation of long-term potentiation and depression, and disturbances in these cells lead to failure of basic mental processes. From a clinical point of view, the calcium signaling pathway can become one of major targets for the pharmacological treatment of symptomatic ASD. Obviously, further animal studies and electrophysiological human studies are required for understanding pathogenetic mechanisms of ASD and the contribution of Ca 2+ signaling. Future research will clarify a potential role of Ca 2+ signaling in social or stereotypic behavior, which constitutes a main feature of ADS.

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