Correction to: An exploratory non-randomized study of a 3-month electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) intervention with people accessing a homeless supported temporary accommodation service (STA) in Ireland

Abstract Background Smoking is endemic amongst people accessing homeless services, and they are disproportionately affected by smoking-related diseases. This paper reports on the results of a 3-month small scale intervention which explored the efficacy, challenges and opportunities of using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to support cessation of tobacco smoking with people accessing an Irish supported temporary accommodation (STA) homeless service. It considers the results of this intervention with reference to the balance of harms between the use of vaping to support smoking cessation and continued smoking. Methods Twenty-three participants were recruited. Demographic data, carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, homelessness status and smoking history were recorded. Participants were given an ENDS device and two 10-ml bottles containing e-liquid available in several flavours and at several strengths. Participants could pick up new bottles on a weekly basis. At weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12, the Fagerström Test and Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) were administered. Results Over 75% of the residents in the participating hostel were recruited (23/30). However, there was a substantial loss to follow-up (n = 14) as a result of data protection issues, the transient nature of the population of interest and non-compliance with the intervention. Self-reported reductions in cigarette consumption were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, reductions in carbon monoxide measurements were not statistically significant. Decreases in Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test were statistically significant (p = 0.001), but decreases in MPSS “urge to smoke” and “strength of urges” composite scores were not. Reported side effects included coughing, runny nose, bleeding nose, slight sweating, dizziness, increased phlegm and a burning sensation at the back of the throat. Barriers to engagement were peer norms, vaping restrictions in accommodation and adverse life events. Positive effects reported included increased energy, less coughing, better breathing and financial benefits. An improvement in the domain “poor concentration” was also found to be statistically significant (p = 0.040). Conclusion ENDS-based interventions may be effective with this population. Future research should aim to improve follow-up, consider including behavioural components and monitor health effects in relation to ongoing concerns around risks and the balance of harms. Trial registration Registered retrospectively ISRCTN14767579

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Part Two: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of E-Liquid Flavors of Vuse Solo Electronic Nicotine Delivery System, An Unblinded, Parallel, Randomized Study To Assess Nicotine Uptake In Smokers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1061045/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyung Soo Hong ◽

Patricia DeLuca ◽

Tao Jin ◽

Bobbette A. Jones ◽

Paul Nelson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Delivery System ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Maximum Plasma ◽

Investigational Product ◽

Time Curve ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract This paper reports the findings of a randomized nicotine pharmacokinetic (PK) study of a closed electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). The study evaluated four flavor variants of Vuse Solo ENDS where subjects used their randomized investigational product (IP) for 10 minutes ad libitum and blood samples were collected for PK assessments that included maximum plasma nicotine concentration (Cmax) and area under the nicotine concentration-vs-time curve up to 60 minutes (AUCnic0–60). Baseline-adjusted mean Cmax ranged from 6.53 to 8.21 ng/mL, and mean AUCnic0–60 ranged from 206.87 to 263.52 ng*min/mL for all ENDS IPs. Results for Cmax and AUCnic0-60 values were consistent among the ENDS IP flavor variants tested and results indicate that flavors did not affect nicotine uptake in human subjects.

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An Experimental Test of the Relationship between Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use and Alcohol Consumption

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1111/acer.14566 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra R. Hershberger ◽

Amanda Studebaker ◽

Zachary T. Whitt ◽

Mark Fillmore ◽

Christopher W. Kahler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Delivery System ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

System Use ◽

The Relationship

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Electronic nicotine delivery system reduces exposure to tobacco‐related carcinogens

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.33863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 127 (18) ◽

pp. 3280-3281

Author(s):

Mary Beth Nierengarten

Keyword(s):

Delivery System ◽

Nicotine Delivery

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A Descriptive Analysis of Transitions from Smoking to Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Use: A Daily Diary Investigation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6301

Author(s):

Tamlin S. Conner ◽

Jiaxu Zeng ◽

Mei-Ling Blank ◽

Vicky He ◽

Janet Hoek

Keyword(s):

Delivery System ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Extended Period ◽

Dual Use ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Study Participants ◽

Tobacco Usage

Objectives: We aimed to examine patterns in smoking and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use over an extended period of time (up to 20 weeks) in people who smoked and who had never previously made a successful quit attempt using an ENDS. Design and setting: We conducted a longitudinal mixed-methods study in Dunedin, New Zealand, during 2018 and 2019. Participants: Purposively selected participants (N = 45; age (≥18 years), gender, ethnicities, cigarettes/day) who wished to quit smoking. Interventions: Participants were provided with a second-generation ENDS device (vape pen or starter “tank” device) at the start of their quit attempt, and asked to complete smartphone-based daily diary surveys assessing smoking and ENDS use. Outcome measures: Sunburst plots and a sequence plot were used to describe weekly and daily patterns of smoking and ENDS use (smoking only, ENDS use only, dual use, abstinent). Results: The most frequently reported movements among participants, classified according to their study week behaviour, occurred between dual use and exclusive ENDS use (and vice versa). A smaller group reported moving from dual use to exclusive smoking (and often back to dual use), and a small number reported moving between abstinence and different ENDS and smoked tobacco usage behaviours. Data visualisations focussing on those participants who had provided data during each of weeks 9–12 indicate that only a minority reported sustained dual use; instead, most participants indicated varied smoked tobacco and ENDS use, which included periods of dual use. Conclusions: The considerable variety observed within and between study participants suggests that high variability is typical rather than exceptional. Transitions from smoking to ENDS use may involve considerable periods of dual use, which is likely to be dynamic and potentially sustained over several months.

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