scholarly journals Regional inequalities and substitutability of health resources in the Czech Republic: a five methods of evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dlouhý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Regional Inequalities

Abstract Background An analysis of the regional distribution of health resources is one of the tools for evaluating equal geographic access to health care. The usual analytical approach to an assessment of regional differences is to evaluate each health resource separately. This is a sensible approach, because there may be systematic reasons for any differences, for example, higher salaries in urban areas. However, a separate evaluation of the regional distribution of health resource capacities may be misleading. We should evaluate all health resource capacities as a whole and consider the substitutability of resources. Objective This study aims to measure regional inequalities in the Czech Republic with the help of alternative approaches to the evaluation of regional inequalities in the case of several substitutable health resources. Methods Five alternative evaluation methods (models) are described and applied: the separate evaluation, expert model, market model, common weights model, and production frontier model. Results The regional distribution of physicians and nurses in the Czech Republic in 2017 was evaluated. In spite of many regulations at the national and regional levels, we have found inequalities in regional resource distribution. The models that consider all health resources and the possibility of a resource substitution show lower inequalities between regional health resource capacities. Conclusion Both researchers and policy-makers should always consider the possibility of resource substitutions in the assessment of regional inequalities.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Level of Flash Floods Threat of Urbanised Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Štěpánková ◽  
Miroslav Dumbrovský ◽  
Karel Drbal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Technical Measures

Flash floods (or torrential rain flooding) is another type of flood hazard which has caused casualties and significant property damages. A methodology for identification of urban areas, which can potentially be burdened by that type of flood hazard, was proposed. This method, also called Method of Critical Points (CP), is a repeatable process able to identify areas, which are significant in terms of formation of surface run‑off and erosion. As addition to the preliminary flood risk assessment according to EU Directive 2007/60/ES on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks, the presented methodology was applied for the entire area of the Czech Republic and the results are being used for the updating of non‑technical measures, e.g. urban planning. In the article, the principles of methodology of CP are described and results of the first application in the Czech Republic are presented, as well as possible interpretations of them.

scholarly journals INNOVATION-BASED RURAL DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE DWELLINGS CONSTRUCTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Czech Society

The article presents the results of an analysis of the spatial distribution of the construction of new dwellings in the Czech Republic in the period after 1989. This period represents a major turnaround in the Czech society and the associated transformation of the Czech economy from a centrally planned economy toward a free market. These changes were also significantly reflected in theconstructionof new dwellings. The article analyses the spatio-temporal evolution of the constructionof new dwellingsat the level of the Czech Republic and its partial spatial structures. The results indicate significant differences in the regional distribution of the construction of new dwellingsin the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals La procedencia, a escala local, de los inmigrantes extranjeros en España a finales del siglo XX

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Aguilera Arilla ◽  
María Pilar González Yanci
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Siglo Xx

El artículo propone la utilización de los registros consulares, como fuente de investigación imprescindible para el estudio pormenorizado del origen y destino de los inmigrantes extranjeros en nuestro país. Dictia fuente es la única que recoge, a escala local, el lugar de nacimiento y el de procedencia, según el último domicilio del país de origen, así como su lugar de residencia en el país de destino. Del estudio de las fuentes consulares de la República Checa, Eslovaquia y Bulgaria, se obtiene la idea general de que existe una mayor procedencia urbana de los inmigrantes, a pesar de no ser países con alto porcentaje de población urbana.This article proposes the use of consular records as a source of investigation essential to tfie detailed study of the origin and destination of foreign immigrants in our country. The mentioned source is the only one that provides, on a local stage, the place of birth and origin, according to the last address in the native country, as well as the place of residence in the destination country. By studying consular sources from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bulgaria, we obtain the general idea that immigrants come mainly from urban áreas, although those countries do not have a high percentage of urban population.

scholarly journals Foreign direct investments in Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Pavla Žížalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Communist Countries

Foreign direct investments (FDI) are an often discussed phenomenon which is considered to play a key role in the process of transformation and restructuralization in the post-communist countries. This paper examines its regional distribution and challenges rather uncritical views on this phenomenon. FDI are distributed geographically very unevenly as almost three fifths of total FDI inflows into the Czech Republic have been located in Prague and almost four fifths in the metropolitan areas. Thus, FDI are one of the factors, which intensify uneven development and contribute to regional disparities.

Notes on the genus Taraxacum in Slovakia. I. Taraxacum sect. Hamata: a new group of dandelions in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumil Trávníček ◽  
Radim Vašut
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
S Poland

AbstractThe hamate dandelion section (Taraxacum sect. Hamata H. Øllg.) represents a morphologically tight group of taxa, distributed in the oceanic and sub-oceanic regions of Europe. In Central Europe, it is mostly confined to freshly moist meadows, as well as places in the shade within urban areas. The known distribution area in Europe until now extended towards the E part of the Czech Republic and S Poland. During the past six years, we have discovered an additional eleven localities of hamate dandelions in NW and N Slovakia, which represents a corrected south-eastern limit for the distribution area of this section. In this paper, we discuss seven recognized taxa (T. boekmanii, T. fusciflorum, T. hamatiforme, Taraxacum hamatum, T. lamprophyllum, T. pseudohamatum, and T. quadrans). We provide a determinative key to the Slovakian hamate dandelions, brief species descriptions, comments on their distribution, a distribution map of the section in Slovakia, as well as images of all of the newly found species.

scholarly journals Demographic potential in functional areas of the selected medium-sized cities in Poland and the Czech Republic

GeoScape ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Obrębalski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Population Problem ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Lower Silesia

Abstract The article presents the population problem of urban functional area around selected medium-sized cities in Poland and the Czech Republic. Research work refers to six cities (on the Polish side - Jelenia Góra, Legnica and Wałbrzych – located in Lower Silesia region; on the Czech side - Hradec Králové, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem). These core cities with suburban areas co-create the functional urban areas with varied demographic structure and development dynamics. In the analysed period, the population growth was observed only in Liberec. The largest total population among studied areas refers also to Liberec functional urban area. The population in suburban areas of the examined Polish and Czech cities is relatively younger than in the core cities. Functional approach for development of urban areas founding depart from perception of demographic problem and challenges only by prism of administrative borders becomes more important.

scholarly journals The national and regional impacts of direct payments modulation in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
T. Medonos ◽  
L. Jelínek ◽  
J. Humpál
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Farm Structures

This paper addresses <i>(ex ante)</i> the issue of the potential impact of the modulation of direct payments on a sector and regional scale in the Czech Republic. The ultimate version of the compulsory modulation measure adopted under the Health Check of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) assumes the reduction of direct payments if the total individual claim exceeds 5 thousand € or 300 thousand € level. The Czech agricultural sector will be impacted by this measure substantially, given the large scale farming enterprises. In 2013, the total farmers’ direct payments will be cut by more than 10% (€ 91 million). Moreover, there are regional differences in farm structures (the average farm size and the extent of collectivization) which will bring about various effects of policies in the heterogeneous regions. The analysis further shows that the regions that are least affected are at the same time more environmental sensitive and are mostly situated in the mountainous or sub-mountainous parts of the country or more urban areas than the average. Hence the effect of the modulation, from a purely environmental perspective, may not contradict the objectives of other environmental policies. That is to say the regions that need support the most will be reduced the least. However, the picture is less obvious in the regional economies where more rural regions (potentially more vulnerable with socio-economic problems) tend to be more affected.

scholarly journals How to improve access to health care for Roma living in social exclusion: a concept mapping study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Svobodova ◽  
Daniela Filakovska Bobakova ◽  
Lucia Bosakova ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Helping Professionals ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract Background Half of the people living in social exclusion in the Czech Republic are of Roma origin. The worse health of Roma could be partly explained by numerous barriers to accessing health care. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the perceptions of various stakeholders and experts who may have an impact on the inclusion of Roma and/or their access to health care on how to improve health care access for Roma living in social exclusion in the Czech Republic. Methods We conducted a concept mapping study and obtained data from 32 participants from health and social services, policymakers and others who were involved in different study phases (brainstorming, sorting, rating, interpretation). Results Out of 64 proposed measures sorted into six distinct clusters, 20 were rated as the most urgent and the most feasible and should be implemented with a priority to improve access to health care for Roma living in social exclusion. The proposed measures covered various topics, such as education and awareness of the target group as well as education and supervision of helping professionals, strengthening capacities and streamlining the health care system, health promotion and associated services and increasing the local and financial accessibility of health care. Overall, measures concerning the education and supervision of helping professionals were rated as both the most urgent and the most feasible. Individual priority measures targeted, for example, the health needs assessment of Roma living in social exclusion to set up interventions or to include topics such as participation, empowerment, cultural competence and communication training in the curricula of health care and helping professionals in postgraduate and continuing studies. Conclusions Stakeholders proposed a set of relevant and acceptable measures that may help improve access to health care for Roma living in social exclusion. The way they rated the proposed measures reflects both the current unfavourable mainstream and public discourse concerning Roma living in social exclusion and the most acute policy issues identified by several European and national bodies.

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