TREND AND EFFECT OF POPULATION IN INDIA: A SCENARIO ANALYSIS

Introduction: Population growth is critical for sustainable development in the true sense. Overpopulation indicates a scenario in which the population of a living species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. So far, India's family planning programmes have seen only limited success because the programmes have not tackled the issue in a holistic way. Methodology: The paper aims to examine the trend and effect of population in India. This study is descriptive in nature based basically on data of secondary sources collected from government offices, books, articles, various census reports, and websites published in different times. Result and Discussion: India occupies 2.4 per cent of the world's land area and supports over 17.5 per cent of the world's population. There are some vital impacts of overpopulation such as Food Shortage, Deforestation, Water shortage, Energy, Extinction, etc. Conclusion: Stabilising population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development. India's population policy needs to be based on concrete measures that not only help to solve our population problem but also helps the poor to improve their lives in tangible and meaningful ways.

Analiza sociodemografică a fenomenului îmbătrânirii populației cu implicații asupra sistemului românesc de pensii

The first part of the study has as it’s main objective to expose a brief socio-demographic analysis on the problem of aging population, both in Romania and in other European Union countries. The second part of the study follows the implications that the aging population phenomenon has on the Romanian state pension system. Also, the paper proposes an investigation of the risks to which the population aged 65 years and over is exposed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on specific comorbidities. To form an overview of these aspects, it will be used secondary data research, with information from public institutions such as: the National Institute of Statistics; Ministry of Internal Affairs; National House of Public Pensions; The Government of Romania; Financial Supervisory Authority; Eurostat; World Health Organization; United Nations Organization; Organization for Economic Co-operationand Development; as well as specific legislation and updated specialized literature. The last part of the study offers a series of conclusions which will result in several general solutions to the aging population problem.

Epilogue

The epilogue briefly traces the history of population thought and policy from the 1974 UN World Population Conference to the present. It contends that the real problem with population is that it remains a prominent scapegoat for nearly all of the world’s ills and demonstrates that debates about how to control the growth of the world’s population have largely silenced and co-opted voices that refuse to attribute such pressing problems as poverty and climate change to expanding human numbers. The framing of the world’s complex issues as “the population problem” diverts resources from just and equitable solutions at the expense of the world’s most vulnerable people and of the planet itself.

The Impact of Air Quality on Effective Labor Supply: Based on the Survey Data of Zhejiang Province in China

Labor is one of the most important factors of production and the basis for the development of social productivity. China’s aging population problem is serious, and the study of the labor supply is of great importance in order to achieve its second centenary goal regarding social development. In this study, four stage mixed sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in the Zhejiang province of China, and 590 valid questionnaires were obtained. An ordered logit model and sample selection model were used to analyze the impact of air quality on the effective labor supply. The results show that the effective labor supply was significantly correlated with air quality. That is, the worse the air quality was, the lower the effective labor supply was, although this relationship was more explicit for people who worked indoors. When air quality impedes residents’ daily lives and even affects their health, it indirectly affects the effective supply of local labor. This paper indicates the causal relationship between economic development and the ecological environment and has enlightening significance for the realization of sustainable development.