Identity and the theme of belonging in Seamus Heaney's Selected Poems

The heritage and history of the ancestors and the country are important parts of the history and culture of peoples. It is the vessel which their faith, traditions, authentic values, language, ideas, and way of life derived from. It also shapes their personality by culture, national identity, and creates the bridge of communication between generations. The identity and the sense of belonging can be traced in the early poems of Seamus Heaney: Digging (1966), Gravities (1966), Traditions (1972) and Anahorish (1972). Many critics consider this as only self-revelation or as a result of feeling guilty for leaving his family, land, and career. This study aims at proving that in spite of the fact that Heaney had left his place of birth and his parent’s tradition for choosing to be a writer, he presented poems that carry out the continuity of searching for the past and roots. The study concludes with that the sense of belonging has appeared through Heaneys early poems, reflecting his desire to plant the spirit of devotion to family, tradition, and Ireland.

Small Homeland in the Context (Space) of Civil Identity

Introduction. The article analyzes the place, role and functions of the concept of a small homeland in the construction of civil identity. The starting point of the study is the understanding of a small homeland as a set of ideas and practices of the belonging of individuals and groups to the space of the place of birth, origin and primary socialization. A small homeland is what emotionally and practically unites citizens in their loyal affection to the place – physical and symbolic.Methodology and sources. Based on the general concept of the space of places (A. Lefebvre, M. Castells, T. Cresswell, M. Auger); P. Shtompka's theory of cultural trauma and A.O. Boronoev's ideas of structural schematization of a small homeland, it is originally presented a sociological analysis of the problem of the loss of a small homeland as a result of forced relocations (the case of flooded areas). As relevant sources the author use the documents and memoirs on the phenomenon of the loss of a small homeland; also on memories of eyewitnesses, and on artistic reflection of farewell to the place of birth. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of the loss of a small homeland in the functioning and reproduction of the civic identity of the place.Results and discussion. As a result of the study it has been shown that the loss of a small homeland determines: a) the rupture of social and cultural ties; b) the emergence of grassroots self-organization of Mologzhan activists who are re-constructing civic urban identity; c) production of commemorative practices of a regular type (cases of Mologa and Circassian auls); d) active formation of cultural discourse in which the small homeland of the place is positioned as a subjective value and one of the foundations of the life world.Conclusion. A small homeland as a representation and social practice in the space of civic identity ensures through its agents the reproduction of social interaction (real or imaginary) with a place and the maintenance of socio-cultural ties with it within the natural and cultural landscape of communities. It also promotes recognition, confirmation of the identity of the place. The loss of a small homeland (physical and symbolic) gives rise to various social practices of memory, rebirth and oblivion.

The Relevance of Language as a Predictor of the Will for Independence in Catalonia in 1996 and 2020

The Catalan secessionist parties, if added together, have won all the elections to the Parliament of Catalonia from 2010 to 2021. Their voters have been increasingly mobilized since the start of the controversial reform process of the Statute of Autonomy (2004–2010). The aim of this article is twofold. First, it intends to test whether language is the strongest predictor in preferring independence in two separate and distinct moments, 1996 and 2020. And second, to assess whether its strength has changed—and how—between both years. Only the most exogenous variables to the dependent variable are used in each of two logistic regressions to avoid problems of endogeneity: sex, age, size of town of residence, place of birth of the individual and of their parents, first language (L1), and educational level. Among them, L1 was—and still is—the most powerful predictor, although it is not entirely determinative. The secessionist movement not only gathers a plurality of Catalan native speakers, but it receives a not insignificant level of support among those who have Spanish as their L1. Conversely, the unionist group, despite being composed primarily by people who have Spanish as their L1 and have their family origins outside Catalonia, has a native Catalan-speaking minority inside. This imperfect division, which is based on ethnolinguistic alignments—and whose relevance cannot be neglected—alleviates the likelihood of an ethnic-based conflict.

The paradox of contemporary midwifery practice: Promoting an out-of-hospital birth setting

<p>In New Zealand women choose their place of birth in partnership with their Lead Maternity Care (case loading) midwife, with most choosing a hospital regardless of their lack of risk factors. The reasons why most women in western countries choose to birth in hospital have been widely investigated. Risk aversity is most commonly implicated. For both women and health professionals this powerful discourse persists despite consistent research findings indicating higher rates of normal birth, and lower rates of maternal morbidity associated with interventions for healthy women who birth in out-of-hospital (primary) maternity units, with no difference in neonatal outcomes. There is however a gap in the literature regarding what is known about how midwives might positively influence the choice to birth in a primary unit. A qualitative descriptive design through an appreciative inquiry lens enabled insight from 12 midwives who have a higher ratio of women within their caseload who choose to birth in a primary unit. Four focus groups were formed with these midwives to explore their perspectives and approaches as they assist women to make their place of birth decisions. From thematically analysed data, five themes emerged, Ways of knowing: woman, art, science and research; Trusting in you, me, and the process of childbirth; Setting boundaries as a ‘primary birth midwife’; and Delaying and diverting, a malleable approach, centered around the theme When it matters what we say: reframing safety and risk. Alongside supporting current research, this study adds to the body of knowledge about birthplace choice by bringing to the fore the notion of paradox in practice, setting boundaries whilst remaining malleable for example. In a contemporary maternity context, these midwives dance between two worlds fundamentally at odds with one another, effectively managing contradiction, complexity and uncertainty to achieve a high primary unit caseload. The experience of what works to promote the primary unit for a cohort of New Zealand midwives is uncovered in this research. The social recalibrations needed to adjust the hospital birth norm are much broader issues than midwives alone can change, but in this study, we see they are staying the course in order to protect and promote normal birth. How midwives might inform decision-making for place of birth choice is described.</p>

The paradox of contemporary midwifery practice: Promoting an out-of-hospital birth setting

<p>In New Zealand women choose their place of birth in partnership with their Lead Maternity Care (case loading) midwife, with most choosing a hospital regardless of their lack of risk factors. The reasons why most women in western countries choose to birth in hospital have been widely investigated. Risk aversity is most commonly implicated. For both women and health professionals this powerful discourse persists despite consistent research findings indicating higher rates of normal birth, and lower rates of maternal morbidity associated with interventions for healthy women who birth in out-of-hospital (primary) maternity units, with no difference in neonatal outcomes. There is however a gap in the literature regarding what is known about how midwives might positively influence the choice to birth in a primary unit. A qualitative descriptive design through an appreciative inquiry lens enabled insight from 12 midwives who have a higher ratio of women within their caseload who choose to birth in a primary unit. Four focus groups were formed with these midwives to explore their perspectives and approaches as they assist women to make their place of birth decisions. From thematically analysed data, five themes emerged, Ways of knowing: woman, art, science and research; Trusting in you, me, and the process of childbirth; Setting boundaries as a ‘primary birth midwife’; and Delaying and diverting, a malleable approach, centered around the theme When it matters what we say: reframing safety and risk. Alongside supporting current research, this study adds to the body of knowledge about birthplace choice by bringing to the fore the notion of paradox in practice, setting boundaries whilst remaining malleable for example. In a contemporary maternity context, these midwives dance between two worlds fundamentally at odds with one another, effectively managing contradiction, complexity and uncertainty to achieve a high primary unit caseload. The experience of what works to promote the primary unit for a cohort of New Zealand midwives is uncovered in this research. The social recalibrations needed to adjust the hospital birth norm are much broader issues than midwives alone can change, but in this study, we see they are staying the course in order to protect and promote normal birth. How midwives might inform decision-making for place of birth choice is described.</p>

Hubungan Antara Tempat Melahirkan Dengan Angka Kematian Neonatal di RSUD Dr. H. Abdoel Moeloek Provinsi Lampung

ABSTRACT: THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLACE OF BIRTH WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE IN RSUD DR. H. ABDOEL MOELOEK, LAMPUNG PROVINCE Background: Risk factors for infant mortality are associated with factors from infant, mother, and pregnancy. One of the factors from the mother that can cause neonatal death is the place of delivery. The better the place for a person to deliver labor, the better the success rate of labor. This is because, in a good place of delivery, such as delivery in a hospital, there are specialist health personnel such as obstetrics-gynecologists and pediatricians, as well as supporting facilities such as qualified health facilities. Objective: To determine the relationship between place of delivery and neonatal mortality at Abdul Moeloek Regional Hospital in 2020. Methodology: The type of research used in this research is quantitative. The sample used in this study were neoanthic patients at Abdul Moeloek Hospital in 2020. Data analysis used Chi-Square analysis. Results: Based on the comparative test conducted, the p-value was 0,000 (p-value <0.005). Conclusion: This means that there is a significant relationship between place of delivery and neonatal mortality. Keywords: Place of birth, death, neonatal INTISARI: HUBUNGAN ANTARA TEMPAT MELAHIRKAN DENGAN ANGKA KEMATIAN NEONATAL DI RSUD DR. H. ABDOEL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG Latar Belakang: Faktor-faktor risiko kematian bayi dikaitkan dengan faktor dari bayi, ibu, dan kehamilan. Faktor dari ibu yang dapat menyebabkan kematian neonatus salah satunya adalah tempat persalinan. Semakin baik tempat seseorang melakukan persalinan, semakin baik pula tingkat kesuksesan persalinan tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan pada tempat persalinan yang baik, seperti persalinan di rumah sakit, terdapat tenaga kesehatan spesialis seperti dokter obstetri-ginekologi dan dokter anak, serta sarana pendukung seperti fasilitas kesehatan yang mumpuni.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tempat melahirkan dengan kematian neonates di RSUD Abdul Moeloek tahun 2020.Metodologi: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pasien neoantus di RSUD Abdul Moeloek tahun 2020. Analisa data menggunakan analisis Chi-Square.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji komparatif yang dilakukan, didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,000 (p-value <0,005).Kesimpulan: Hal ini berarti bahwasannya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tempat melahirkan dengan angka kematian neonatal. Kata Kunci : Tempat melahirkan, kematian, neonates.

Determinants of Place Birth: A Multinomial Logistic Regression and Spatial Analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey Data

Background: The presence of skilled attendants at birth and institutional delivery with quality serves significantly improves maternal and neonatal health. However, in countries where a practice of home birth is common, maternal and neonatal mortality remained high. Thus, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of home birth and to identify determinants of place of birth in Ethiopia. Methods: Ethiopian mini-DHS-2019 data was used in this analysis. A survey multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze determinants of place of birth. An adjusted relative risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 and marginal effect and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. The Global Moran’s I analysis was done by using ArcMap 10.8 to evaluate the clustering of home birth. The magnitude of home birth was predicted by ordinary kriging interpolation. Then, scanning was done by SaTScan V.9.6 software to detect scanning windows with low or high rates of home birth. Result: Prevalence of home birth in Ethiopia was 52.19% (95% CI: 46.49 – 57.83). Whereas, only 2.99% (95% CI: 1.68 – 5.25) of mothers gave birth in the health posts. Bigger family size, family wealth, multiparity, none and fewer antenatal visits, and low cluster level coverage of 4+ antenatal visits were predictors of home birth. Homebirth was clustered across enumeration areas and it was over 40% in most parts of the country with >75% in the Somali region. SaTScan analysis detected most likely clusters in the Somali region, eastern and southern zones of Oromia region, central zones of Amhara region, and eastern zones of the South Nations Nationalities and People’s region. Conclusion: Home birth is a common practice in Ethiopia. Among public health facilities, health posts are the least utilized institutions for labor and delivery care. Nationally implementing the 2016 WHO’s recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience and providing quality antenatal and delivery care in public facilities through qualified providers with midwifery skills and systems of back-up in place could be supportive.

Az aortaív-anomáliák klinikai jelentősége a magzattól a felnőttkorig

Összefoglaló. Az intrauterin echokardiográfiás és MR-diagnosztika fejlődése napjainkban jelentős szerepet tulajdonít már az első trimeszter idejében kimutatható aortaív-fejlődési rendellenességeknek. Célunk volt részletezni a vascularis gyűrűk megjelenési formáit, ezek különböző életkorokban jelentkező tüneteit, sebészi kezelését, hogy hozzájárulhassunk a helyes felvilágosításhoz, mely alapvető lehet a szülés helyének megválasztásában, így meghatározhassák a magzat sorsát, perinatalis ellátását. A situs inversustól eltekintve a jobb oldali aortaív jelenléte mindig felhívja a figyelmet vascularis gyűrű, társuló szívhibák, genetikai betegségek, kromoszómaanomáliák jelenlétére, tehát a magzat további vizsgálata szükséges. Kettős aortaív esetén jelentkezhetnek olyan súlyos tünetek, melyek a megszületés után, kora csecsemőkorban sebészi beavatkozást igényelhetnek (szükséges lehet a szülés helyének megválasztása!). Az aberráns jobb arteria subclavia önállóan nem alkot érgyűrűt, a ritkán társuló truncus caroticusszal csak későbbi életkorban okozhat sebészi beavatkozást igényló enyhe tüneteket. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(48): 1920–1923. Summary. Nowadays, the development of intrauterine echocardiography and MR diagnostics plays a significant role in aortic arch malformations detected during the first trimester. Our aim was to detail the manifestations of vascular rings, their symptoms at different ages and their surgical treatment options in order to determine the fate of the fetus and its perinatal care. Apart from situs inversus, the presence of the right aortic arch always draws the attention to the possible presence of vascular rings, associated heart defects, genetic diseases, or chromosomal abnormalities, therefore further examinations of the fetus are necessary. In the case of a double aortic arch, severe symptoms may occur, which may require surgery after birth and in early infancy (it may be necessary to choose the place of birth!). The right aberrant subclavian artery does not form a ring and may cause mild symptoms requiring surgery at a later age with rarely associated truncus carotid. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(48): 1920–1923.