Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load is associated with apelin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of adults

Abstract Background Apelin, as an adipokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrates were associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 102 adults who underwent minor abdominal surgery were selected. Approximately 100 mg of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected during the surgery to measure apelin gene expression. Anthropometric measurment, blood samples, and dietary intakes were collected before surgery. The dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) were determined. Results The average apelin concentration was 269.6 ± 98.5(pg/mL), and 16.3% of participants were insulin resistant. There was a correlation between insulin (p-value = 0.043), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)(p-value = 0.045) and apelin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. There was a positive association of apelin gene expression with dietary GI and GL after adjustment for age, sex, and waist circumference in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(p < 0.05). Apelin gene expression in visceral(p = 0.002) and subcutaneous(p = 0.003) adipose tissues was directly associated with foods with a higher GI. There was no association between total carbohydrate intake and apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Conclusions Dietary GI and GL, not total carbohydrate intake, were positively associated with apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Future studies are warranted to illustrate the chronic and acute effect of carbohydrate quality on apelin homeostasis.

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Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load is associated with apelin gene expression from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of adults

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.63.p653 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Emad Yuzbashian ◽

Golaleh Asghari ◽

Maryam Zarkesh ◽

Maryam Aghayan ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Dietary Glycemic Load ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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Effects of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Citrus sinensis Juice on a Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20205116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 5116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Giuseppe Montalbano ◽

Manuela Mania ◽

Maria Cristina Guerrera ◽

Rosaria Laurà ◽

Francesco Abbate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Adult Zebrafish ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Lipolytic Action ◽

Adipocyte Cell ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Obesity is a pathological condition that has reached epidemic proportions; hence, it is necessary to find novel strategies aimed at fighting this disease. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a flavonoid-rich extract of orange (Citrus sinensis) juice (OJe) in diet-induced obese zebrafish. Methods: Adult zebrafish were divided into four diet groups: (i) normally fed (NF); (ii) overfed (OF); (iii) NF supplemented with OJe (5 mL/L in fish water; NF + OJe); and (iv) OF supplemented with OJe (OF + OJe). Each week, body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and, at the end of the fifth week, euthanized zebrafish were processed for both microscopic evaluations and qPCR analyses. Results: In OF zebrafish, OJe significantly decreased both BW and BMI values and lowered the visceral adipose tissue, while it had little effect in the NF group. Moreover, it significantly reduced adipocyte cell size in both NF and OF groups in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, as well as their number in OF fish. Finally, OJe modulated some obesity-related genes, such as leptin A, ghrelin, orexin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), in both gut and brain. Conclusion: This study adds new insights into the anti-obesity properties of orange juice and its flavonoids, suggesting their role as weight management agents through a lipolytic action linked to a restoration of metabolism-regulating gene expression.

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Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3662 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cristina Galarregui ◽

María Zulet ◽

Irene Cantero ◽

Bertha Marín-Alejandre ◽

José Monreal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background: Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet–disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects. Methods: A total of 112 overweight or obese adults (age: 50.8 ± 9 years old) were included in the trial. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was also used to calculate the dietary TAC, GI, and GL. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), glycemic and lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as fatty liver quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Results: Subjects with higher values of TAC had significantly lower circulating insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants with higher values of HOMA-IR showed significantly higher GI and GL. Correlation analyses showed relevant inverse associations of GI and GL with TAC. A regression model evidenced a relationship of HOMA-IR with TAC, GI, and GL. Conclusion: This data reinforces the concept that dietary TAC, GI, and GL are potential markers of diet quality, which have an impact on the susceptible population with a cardiometabolic risk profile.

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Habitual Dietary Intakes of Fat were Associated with Apelin Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41868/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emad Yuzbashian ◽

Maryam Zarkesh ◽

Golaleh Asghari ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Total Fat ◽

Habitual Intake ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of habitual intake of total fatty acids, saturated-, monounsaturated-, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids with apelin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods: We obtained visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from 179 participants (71 non-obese and 105 obese), who had undergone open abdominal surgery. Dietary intake information was gathered with a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The mRNA expression of apelin gene was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Results: Apelin gene expression was found to be more increased in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in obese than in non-obese participants. Dietary intake of n-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues among all categories of weight status after adjusting for total energy intake. Among obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue apelin mRNA levels were associated with total fat intake. Conclusion: Higher apelin gene expression in adipocytes had an association with habitual intake of total fat and n-3 fatty acids in obese and non-obese individuals, indicating a determinative role of quality and quantity of fatty acid intake in a regular diet in adipose tissue adipokine.

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NOD1 expression is increased in the adipose tissue of women with gestational diabetes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-14-0179 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 222 (1) ◽

pp. 99-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Martha Lappas

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Diaminopimelic Acid ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Prostaglandin Production ◽

Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽

Wide Range ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Maternal peripheral insulin resistance and increased inflammation are two features of pregnancies, complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) intracellular molecules recognise a wide range of microbial products, as well as other intracellular danger signals, thereby initiating inflammation through activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of NOD1 and NOD2 are increased in adipose tissue of women with GDM. The effect of NOD1 and NOD2 activation on inflammation and the insulin signalling pathway was also assessed. NOD1, but not NOD2, expression was higher in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from women with GDM when compared with those from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In both omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues from NGT and GDM women, the NOD1 ligand g-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) significantly induced the expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) and chemokine IL8;COX2(PTGS2) gene expression and subsequent prostaglandin production; the expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix remodelling enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and the gene expression and secretion of the adhesion moleculesICAM1andVCAM1. There was no effect of the NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide on any of the endpoints tested. The effects of the NOD1 ligand iE-DAP were mediated via NFκB, as the NFκB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 significantly attenuated iE-DAP-induced expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,COX2gene expression and subsequent prostaglandin production,MMP9expression and secretion andICAM1andVCAM1gene expression and secretion. In conclusion, the present findings describe an important role for NOD1 in the development of insulin resistance and inflammation in pregnancies complicated by GDM.

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Expression of the CD11c gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with cytokine level and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-0340 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 167 (5) ◽

pp. 705-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tao Tao ◽

Shengxian Li ◽

Aimin Zhao ◽

Yanyun Zhang ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Mrna Abundance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Objective Alterations in the phenotypes of macrophages in adipose tissue play a key role in inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). The phenotypes of macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the relationship between proinflammation markers and IR in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain unclear. The objectives of this study are to characterize the gene expression of macrophage markers and cytokines in the SAT of PCOS women and to estimate their relationships with circulating levels of cytokines and IR. Methods The cross-sectional study involves 16 PCOS women and 18 normal control women. Cytokines and macrophage markers in the circulation and SAT were determined using ELISA, quantitative PCR, or immunofluorescence staining. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results The gene expression levels of CD11c along with TNF α and leptin in SAT remained significantly higher in PCOS women than in normal women (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in CD68 mRNA expression in SAT between women with and without PCOS (P>0.05). Furthermore, CD11c mRNA abundance provided a stronger contribution to models predicting serum levels of TNFα (sTNFα) than did CD68 mRNA abundance. Lastly, increased sTNFα was associated with increased HOMA-IR in PCOS women, and this association was independent of both overall and visceral adiposity. Conclusion The high expression level of CD11c mRNA in SAT was proved to be an important feature in PCOS women. Furthermore, CD11c mRNA abundance made a stronger contribution to models predicting sTNFα in which existing proinflammatory properties might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS women.

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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with FTO Gene Expression in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1706-1706

Author(s):

Emad Yuzbashian ◽

Golaleh Asghari ◽

Catherine B Chan ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Mohammad Safarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Fto Gene ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a functional candidate gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome, based on evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that linked it to obesity and metabolic disorders. The FTO gene regulates energy expenditure and intake. We aimed to determine how fatty acid species measured in plasma and dietary intake associate with FTO gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Methods In this study, 97 participants aged ≥18 years were selected from patients admitted to the hospital for abdominal surgeries. These underlying disorders leading to surgeries were not expected to alter the habitual dietary intake of participants. Participants with diagnosed diabetes or cancer, under treatment of dyslipidemia or dysglycemia, and being on prescribed or any special diets were excluded. Habitual dietary intake of participants was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which the intake of fatty acids was quantified. Plasma fatty acids were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The mRNA expression of the FTO gene in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained by biopsy was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results After adjusting for age, HOMA-IR and body mass index, total fatty acid intake was significantly associated with FTO gene expression in visceral (STZβ = 0.208, P = 0.037) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.236, P = 0.020) adipose tissues. Dietary intake of MUFA and PUFA had positive significant associations with the expression of FTO in visceral (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.023; STZβ = 0.346, P < 0.001, respectively) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.026; STZβ = 0.274, P = 0.006, respectively) adipose tissues. There were no significant associations between plasma fatty acids and FTO mRNA expression in either subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues. Conclusions The association of dietary total fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA with FTO gene expression in both adipose tissues highlight the importance of dietary fatty acids composition along with total fat intake in relation to FTO gene expression. Funding Sources This study was funded by Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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