Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load is associated with apelin gene expression from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of adults

Abstract Background Apelin, as an adipokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrates were associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 102 adults who underwent minor abdominal surgery were selected. Approximately 100 mg of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected during the surgery to measure apelin gene expression. Anthropometric measurment, blood samples, and dietary intakes were collected before surgery. The dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) were determined. Results The average apelin concentration was 269.6 ± 98.5(pg/mL), and 16.3% of participants were insulin resistant. There was a correlation between insulin (p-value = 0.043), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)(p-value = 0.045) and apelin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. There was a positive association of apelin gene expression with dietary GI and GL after adjustment for age, sex, and waist circumference in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(p < 0.05). Apelin gene expression in visceral(p = 0.002) and subcutaneous(p = 0.003) adipose tissues was directly associated with foods with a higher GI. There was no association between total carbohydrate intake and apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Conclusions Dietary GI and GL, not total carbohydrate intake, were positively associated with apelin gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Future studies are warranted to illustrate the chronic and acute effect of carbohydrate quality on apelin homeostasis.

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Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, and Incidence of Heart Failure Events: A Prospective Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly Women

Journal of the American College of Nutrition ◽

10.1080/07315724.2010.10719818 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Emily B Levitan ◽

Murray A Mittleman ◽

Alicja Wolk

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Dietary Glycemic Load ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index ◽

A Prospective Study

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Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, Blood Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2010/170680 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽

Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo ◽

Juan O. Talavera ◽

Susana Castañón ◽

Katia Gallegos-Carrillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Glycemic Load ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index

Objective. To examine the associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL) with blood lipid concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) in nondiabetic participants in the Health Worker Cohort Study (HWCS).Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was performed, using data from adults who participated in the HWCS baseline assessment. We collected information on participants' socio-demographic conditions, dietary patterns and physical activity via self-administered questionnaires. Dietary GI and dietary GL were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were assessed with standardized procedures. CHD risk was estimated according to the sex-specific Framingham prediction algorithms.Results. IIn the 5,830 individuals aged 20 to 70 who were evaluated, dietary GI and GL were significantly associated with HDL-C, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides serum levels. Subjects with high dietary GI have a relative risk of 1.56 (CI 95%; 1.13–2.14), and those with high dietary GL have a relative risk of 2.64 (CI 95%; 1.15–6.58) of having an elevated CHD risk than those who had low dietary GI and GL.Conclusions. Our results suggest that high dietary GI and dietary GL could have an unfavorable effect on serum lipid levels, which are in turn associated with a higher CHD risk.

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Associations of dietary glycemic index and load during pregnancy with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02670-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clarissa J. Wiertsema ◽

Rama J. Wahab ◽

Annemarie G. M. G. J. Mulders ◽

Romy Gaillard

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Population Based ◽

Hemodynamic Parameters ◽

High Risk Women ◽

Dietary Glycemic Load ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Dietary Glycemic Index

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary glycemic index and load with gestational blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Methods In a population-based cohort among 3378 pregnant Dutch women, dietary glycemic index and load were assessed from food frequency questionnaires at median 13.4 (95% range 9.9–22.9) weeks gestation. Blood pressure was measured in early-, mid- and late-pregnancy. Placental hemodynamic parameters were measured in mid- and late-pregnancy by ultrasound. Data on gestational hypertensive disorders was acquired from medical records. Results Mean dietary glycemic index (SD) was 58 (3) and mean dietary glycemic load (SD) was 155 (47). Dietary glycemic index was not associated with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Higher dietary glycemic load SDS was associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure in early-pregnancy, remaining after adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors ((0.98 (95% CI 0.35–1.61) mmHg per SDS increase in glycemic load). No other associations of glycemic load with blood pressure or placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders were present. No significant associations of dietary glycemic index and load quartiles with longitudinal blood pressure patterns from early to late-pregnancy were present. Conclusion Within this low-risk pregnant population, we did not find consistent associations of dietary glycemic index and load with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Further studies need to assess whether the effects on gestational hemodynamic adaptations are more pronounced among high-risk women with an impaired glucose metabolism.

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