Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

Abstract Background Today, cosmetic products are very popular with both men and women to improve their appearance and increase their social acceptability. Results In this study, nano-sized (30–300 nm) plastic particles were isolated from the commercial face-scrubs and treated on the human keratinocytes. The observed adherence of polyethylene nano-plastics (PENPs), polystyrene NPs (PSNPs), and face-scrubs isolated nano-plastics (NPs) on the keratin layer reveals a significant attachment of NPs from the cosmetics that are applied on the skin for a short duration. This attachment property could facilitate further adherence of protein molecules on NPs and the protein-corona formation. The protein-corona mimics protein aggregates, thereby triggers macropinocytosis, followed by the macropinolysosomal process in the cell. These internalized NPs induced the concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytoprotective activity in keratinocytes. Both single dose and chronic long-term exposure of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of NPs resulted in oxidative stress-mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition. Autophagic structures and premature aging were also observed using an electron microscopy and a senescence marker, respectively in the NPs internalized HaCaT cells incubated in a fresh, NPs-free medium. Conclusion Though 2D culture models have many limitations, it produces significant conceptual advancements. This work provides an insight into the NPs concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. However, 3D model studies are required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity and cytoprotective events in cells at the molecular level. Graphic abstract

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Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41392/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ponnusamy Manogaran Gopinath ◽

Krishna Sundar Twayana ◽

Palaniyandi Ravanan ◽

John Thomas ◽

Amitava Mukherjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Protein Corona ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Premature Aging ◽

Short Exposure ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Short Exposure Time ◽

Cytoprotective Activity ◽

Corona Formation ◽

Cell Growth And Proliferation

Abstract Background Today, cosmetic usage has become customary in both men and women towards improving their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, the nano-sized (30 to 300 nm) plastic particles were isolated from the commercial face-scrubs and treated on the human keratinocytes. Results The adherence studies of polyethylene nano-plastics (PENPs), polystyrene NPs (PSNPs), and face-scrubs isolated nano-plastics (NPs) on the keratin layer revealed a rapid attachment of NPs on the skin from the cosmetics that have short exposure time. This attachment property could facilitate further adherence of protein molecules on NPs and the protein-corona formation. The protein-corona mimics protein aggregates, thereby triggers the macropinocytosis followed by the macropinolysosomal process in the cell. Then the internalized NPs induced the concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytoprotective activity in keratinocytes. Both single dose and chronic long-term exposure of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of NPs resulted in the oxidative stress-mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition. Autophagy and premature aging were also observed in the NPs internalized HaCaT cells incubated in a fresh, NPs-free medium. Conclusion At the outset, this work provides insight into the NPs concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further studies are required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity and cytoprotective events in cells at the molecular level.

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Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41392/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ponnusamy Manogaran Gopinath ◽

Krishna Sundar Twayana ◽

Palaniyandi Ravanan ◽

John Thomas ◽

Amitava Mukherjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Protein Corona ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Premature Aging ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Proliferation Inhibition ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Adsorbed Protein ◽

Protein Molecules ◽

Cell Growth And Proliferation

Abstract Background Today cosmetic usage becomes customary in both sexes to improve their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, we have isolated nano-sized plastic particles ranging between 30 to 300 nm from the commercial face-scrubs and investigated its effects on keratinocytes. Results Initially, nano-plastics adsorbed protein molecules and formed protein corona, thereby mimicked as protein aggregates, which then triggered the macropinocytosis activity. As a result, corrosion and degradation of plastic particles were observed. Concurrently, nano-plastics concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic, and cytoprotective activities were found in the keratinocytes. Additionally, a single dose of nano-plastics exposure resulted in the ROS mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition followed by autophagy, finally, premature aging in HaCaT cells. Conclusion At the outset, this work provides insights into the nano-plastics concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further signifies the crucial need for new regulation in nano-plastics usage in cosmetics.

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Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41392/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ponnusamy Manogaran Gopinath ◽

Krishna Sundar Twayana ◽

Palaniyandi Ravanan ◽

John Thomas ◽

Amitava Mukherjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Protein Corona ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Premature Aging ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Cytoprotective Effect ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Adsorbed Protein ◽

Cell Growth And Proliferation

Abstract Background: Today cosmetic usage becomes customary in both sexes to improve their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, we have isolated nano-sized plastic particles ranging between 30 to 300 nm from the commercial face-scrubs and investigated its effects on keratinocytes. Results: Initially, nano-plastics adsorbed protein molecules and formed protein corona, thereby mimicked as protein aggregates, which then triggered the macropinocytosis activity. As a result, corrosion and degradation of plastic particles were observed. Concurrently, nano-plastics concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic, and cytoprotective activities were found in the keratinocytes. Additionally, a single dose of nano-plastics exposure for 48hrs resulted in the ROS mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition followed by autophagy, finally, premature aging in HaCaT cells in 24 and 72 hrs of post-internalization, respectively. Conclusion: At the outset, this work provides insights into the nano-plastics concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further studies required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity on cells and the cytoprotective effect in cells at the molecular level.

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Microgravity Induces Transient EMT in Human Keratinocytes by Early Down-Regulation of E-Cadherin and Cell-Adhesion Remodeling

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Giulia Ricci ◽

Alessandra Cucina ◽

Sara Proietti ◽

Simona Dinicola ◽

Francesca Ferranti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Short Exposure ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Invasive Phenotype ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Cell Matrix ◽

E Cadherin

Changes in cell–matrix and cell-to-cell adhesion patterns are dramatically fostered by the microgravity exposure of living cells. The modification of adhesion properties could promote the emergence of a migrating and invasive phenotype. We previously demonstrated that short exposure to the simulated microgravity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) promotes an early epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, we developed this investigation to verify if the cells maintain the acquired invasive phenotype after an extended period of weightlessness exposure. We also evaluated cells’ capability in recovering epithelial characteristics when seeded again into a normal gravitational field after short microgravity exposure. We evaluated the ultra-structural junctional features of HaCaT cells by Transmission Electron Microscopy and the distribution pattern of vinculin and E-cadherin by confocal microscopy, observing a rearrangement in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. These results are mirrored by data provided by migration and invasion biological assay. Overall, our studies demonstrate that after extended periods of microgravity, HaCaT cells recover an epithelial phenotype by re-establishing E-cadherin-based junctions and cytoskeleton remodeling, both being instrumental in promoting a mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). Those findings suggest that cytoskeletal changes noticed during the first weightlessness period have a transitory character, given that they are later reversed and followed by adaptive modifications through which cells miss the acquired mesenchymal phenotype.

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Conditioned medium from the human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells stimulate the proliferation of human keratinocytes

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sushmitha Sriramulu ◽

Antara Banerjee ◽

Ganesan Jothimani ◽

Surajit Pathak

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

And Migration

AbstractObjectivesWound healing is a complex process with a sequence of restoring and inhibition events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration as well as adhesion. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived conditioned medium (CM) has potent therapeutic functions and promotes cell proliferation, anti-oxidant, immunosuppressive, and anti-apoptotic effects. The main aim of this research is to study the role of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) derived CM in stimulating the proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaT).MethodsFirstly, MSC were isolated from human umbilical cords (UC) and the cells were then cultured in proliferative medium. We prepared and collected the CM after 72 h. Morphological changes were observed after the treatment of HaCaT cells with CM. To validate the findings, proliferation rate, clonal efficiency and also gene expression studies were performed.ResultsIncreased proliferation rate was observed and confirmed with the expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) after treatment with HaCaT cells. Cell-cell strap formation was also observed when HaCaT cells were treated with CM for a period of 5–6 days which was confirmed by the increased expression of Collagen Type 1 Alpha 1 chain (Col1A1).ConclusionsOur results from present study depicts that the secretory components in the CM might play a significant role by interacting with keratinocytes to promote proliferation and migration. Thus, the CM stimulates cellular proliferation, epithelialization and migration of skin cells which might be the future promising application in wound healing.

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