scholarly journals A CT study of the femoral and sciatic nerve periacetabular moving in different hip positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagmur Isin ◽  
Onur Hapa ◽  
Yavuz Selim Kara ◽  
Ali Ihsan Kilic ◽  
Ali Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Periacetabular Osteotomy ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Femoral and sciatic nerves could be damaged during various stages of the periacetabular osteotomy. Changing the position of the hip could be the most effective way of preventing nerve injuries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distances of the nerves to various bony landmarks with different hip positions in computerized pelvic scanograms of healthy adults. Materials and methods Fifteen healthy male adults (30 hips) (age 30 ± 6) were included. Scans were performed at three different hip positions measured by goniometer (neutral “N,” flexion (30–45°) + abduction (30–45°) + external rotation (20°) “F” and neutral+ abduction (30–45°) + external rotation (20°) (Nabext) at three different levels (sourcil “1,” the middle of the femoral head “2,” and lower border of triradiate cartilage “3.” Results At the sourcil level, the femoral nerve was found to be the furthest distance from the anterior acetabulum in the neutral position compared to flexion or neutral plus abduction, external rotation (p < 0.001). For the sciatic nerve, at level 2, hip flexion resulted in a greater distance than in the neutral position (p = 0.001). For level 3, hip flexion caused a decrease in the distance of the sciatic nerve to the acetabulum compared to both neutral positions (N or Nabex) (p = 0.001). Conclusions During a pubic cut of the osteotomy, the femoral nerve moves closer to the anterior acetabulum wall with hip flexion or abduction plus external rotation. During an ischial cut, the sciatic nerve gets closer to the ischium with hip flexion while it moves away from the bone during retroacetabular cut. Level-III Study

scholarly journals Literary Discourse as a Cognitive Dialogue About «Language as the House of Spirit»

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Mironova ◽  
T. I. Sokolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Literary Work Of Art ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

The article is focused on the diversity of literary discourse which is viewed through the prism of “the internal life of the text” and is considered as a dialogue within “the life and power” of the language. As an object of interdisciplinary scientific research literary discourse is perceived as a complex metalinguistic phenomenon, which is inherently dialogic in its character and able to generate certain reality in which modern human beings live and act. In the triad “discourse – language – language personality” the median marker is viewed as “the house of being” (M. Heidegger), “the spirit of the nation” (W. Humboldt), which allows for the understanding of flickering ideas standing behind the creativity of a modern poet.This paper provides the interpretation of the linguistic dynamics of textual space as one of the possible methods of understanding “the life and power” of the text, which helps to objectively represent the notion of “language as the house of spirit” and the spirituality of modern poetry.The purpose of the article is to study the discourse of a literary work of art as a cognitive dialogue about “language as the house of spirit” and reveal the dynamics of “the spirit” within “the soul of the text”. It should be underlined that the multidimensional character of literary discourse provides for several levels in studying a literary text:Level 1: “the text and the reality”;Level 2: “the text and the language”;Level 3: “the author and the text”;Level 4: “the reader and the text”.The research is based on the analysis of the poetic essays by Tamara Sokolskaya – “The Honesuckle” and “Poetic Ariozo. G#HF#E”.The methods employed in the paper include modeling and interpretation of the linguistic dynamics of the textual space, contrastive and synergetic analysis of the “life and power” of the text and the method of conceptual analysis.The findings of the research comprise the following the results:1. Literary discourse is specific in its multidimensional character and the variety of expressed ideas, which sets it apart from other types of discourse;2. This multidimensional character of literary discourse reveals the complexity of the spiritual life of the author of the text.3. The synergy in the dynamics of textual units demonstrates spiritual content of modern poetry which exists at different levels of consciousness.4. Literary discourse serves as the material realization of the spiritual energy of a person.5. Literary discourse should be viewed as a cognitive dialogue about “language as the house of spirit” which reveals “the dialectic of the spirit” of the author and the dynamics of “the life and power” of the text as a multicultural language code representing the spiritual energy of the nation.

scholarly journals Morpho-phonological levels and grammaticalization in Karimojong: A review of the evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-169
Author(s):  
Diane Lesley- Lesley-Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Phonological Rules ◽  
Verbal Complex

An analysis of the affixation processes and the phonological rules governing [ATR] harmony in Karimojong verbs permits the organization of derivational processes into three levels. On each level specific groups of morphemes are affixed and the resultant derived words undergo defined sets of phonological processes. On Level 1 a feature filling [±ATR] harmony rule applies, in which the [ATR] feature spreads bi-directionally from the principal root vowel across the root and all Level 1 affixes. However, there are also localized disharmonic domains created by phonologized co-articulation effects of consonants and dissimilation rules for vowels. On Level 2, suffixation of Tense-Mood-Aspect (TMA) markers at the right edge of the verbal complex triggers [+ATR] feature spreading leftward across the derived word. On Level 3 affixation does not trigger [ATR] harmony processes, and both affix vowels and the derivational complexes to which they are added retain their [ATR] features. Some Karimojong affixes exhibit behaviors characteristic of two different levels, depending on context; these affixes are proposed to be in transition between levels. The three levels are proposed to result from diachronic evolution, and their relative chronological development can be established by (1) correspondences to landmarks within the cross-linguistically attested agreement system grammaticalization cline, which groups affixes according to ordering universals, and (2) the existence of successive evolutionary cycles of frequentive morphology. A model of the morphology-phonology interface is proposed in which linguistic structure internal to the morpheme channels the spread of [ATR] features. The model provides an explanation for surface irregularities that originated at the time of areal vowel mergers in Nilotic languages (Dimmendaal, 2002).

Cognitive Developmental Stages Emerging from Levels of Learning

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme S. Halford
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Processing Factors ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Representation Level ◽  
Different Levels

It is proposed that the environment can be cognized at four different levels: Level 0, without symbolic representation; Level 1, in which symbols are related to external objects and events, and to other symbols, in one-to-one fashion; Level 2, in which symbols are related to one another so as to form systems, and are related to external objects and events as systems; Level 3, in which symbols are related to sets of environment elements at the level of compositions of systems. Recognition of inconsistency requires more information for higher level systems than for lower level systems. Therefore, the highest attainable level of cognitive functioning will depend on information-processing capacity in a predictable way. Two experiments are reported in which level of system and age of children were found to interact in the predicted fashion. It is proposed that cognitive development stages can be accounted for in terms of information-processing factors which limit the highest level of cognitive system with children can attain at any given age.

Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve in Relation to the Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay C. Kanakamedala ◽  
Siddharth A. Mahure ◽  
David A. Bloom ◽  
Edward Mojica ◽  
David J. Kirby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Periacetabular Osteotomy ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Posterior Column ◽  
Posterolateral Approach ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Standard Deviation Range ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractPrior studies have examined the role of hip and knee positioning, specifically hip extension and knee flexion, to reduce the risk of sciatic nerve palsy during the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. They have qualitatively noted that the sciatic nerve moves farther from the connection between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies in hip extension than flexion but has not precisely measured this change in position. This cadaveric study aimed to quantitatively evaluate how hip positioning affects the location of the sciatic nerve relative to the connection between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies. We dissected four cadaveric specimens (three females and one male) with a mean age of 83.0 ± 7.8. An anterior Smith–Peterson approach was performed to allow the cuts for the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). A posterolateral approach was taken to identify the sciatic nerve and its emergence from the pelvis. Measurements were performed on the width of the posterior column and, in both hip flexion and extension, the distance from the emergence of the sciatic nerve from the pelvis to the connection point between the ischial and posterior column osteotomies. Each measurement was performed independently by two observers. All data are reported as a mean ± standard deviation (range). The width of the posterior column was 4.84 ± 0.48 cm (range: 4.20–5.35 cm). The distances from the sciatic nerve's emergence to the osteotomy connection point in extension and flexion were 4.73 ± 0.79 and 2.93 ± 0.85 cm, respectively. The distance from the sciatic nerve's emergence to the osteotomy connection point was significantly greater in hip extension than hip flexion (p = 0.021). When the hip is flexed, the distance from the sciatic nerve to the posterior column osteotomy connection point is significantly less than when it is in extension. This anatomic finding is essential for surgical safety, as it provides further evidence on the importance of positioning for reducing the risk of sciatic nerve injury during a PAO.

scholarly journals Elastic Changes of the Coracohumeral Ligament Evaluated with Shear Wave Elastography

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
Kenji Kanazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Hagiwara ◽  
Takuya Sekiguchi ◽  
Ryo Fujita ◽  
Kazuaki Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Coracohumeral Ligament ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Positive Correlations

Background: Although the shoulder range of motion significantly decreases with advancing age, how the natural aging process affects the joint capsule, including the Coracohumeral Ligament (CHL), in healthy subjects is still unknown. Objective To use shear wave elastography to investigate the correlations between age, sex, and shoulder dominance, and elasticity of the CHL in healthy individuals. Methods: Eighty-four healthy volunteers (mean age: 42.6; 39 men) were included in this study. They were divided into five groups based on age: 20s (20–29, n = 19), 30s (30–39, n = 17), 40s (40–49, n = 20), 50s (50–59, n = 13), and 60s (60–69, n = 15) groups. The elasticity of the CHL in the bilateral shoulders was evaluated at the neutral and 30° external rotation (ER at 30°) positions with the arm at the side while laying supine. Results: The elastic modulus was significantly greater in ER at 30° than in the neutral position regardless of sex or shoulder dominance (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations between age and elasticity of the CHL were observed in both the neutral and ER at 30° positions regardless of shoulder dominance. Elasticity of the CHL was significantly greater with increasing age in both the neutral and ER at 30° positions on the dominant (P = 0.0022, P < 0.001, respectively) and non-dominant sides (P = 0.0199, 0.0014). Conclusion: The elasticity of the CHL increased with age, and the ER at 30° position could demonstrate faint changes in CHL elasticity. Level of Evidence: Level 3 Case-control study.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah dengan Konteks Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Julia Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Math Problems ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to describe the creative thinking abilities of students based on their level of creative thinking in solving math problems in the context of covid 19. Data collection was carried out by providing a test for solving mathematics problems in the context of Covid 19. Data analysis techniques were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data analysis is to see how the student is solving problems with what ideas can be given. The research subjects were four students with different levels of creative thinking, then interviewed how the students completed these problems. The results showed that the subject at level 0 (not creative) only gave one answer and one way of solving the problem. Subjects with creative thinking level 1 (less creative), able to produce two different answers, and able to present data in two ways of presenting data, but only one is correct. Then the subject with level 2 (creative enough), can give one answer correctly and two ways of presenting the data correctly. While the subject with level 3 (creative) thinking can produce two different answers correctly and two ways of presenting data correctly.

scholarly journals SOS Games as an Alternative Game for Warming Up in Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Touvan Juni Samodra ◽  
Uray Gustian ◽  
Astiati Astiati
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to test the SOS game used as a means to warm up. SOS games were usually played on paper. The trial game consists of 3 different levels. This game could be used as a movement activity to warm up. With some modifications, this game was tested. The trial was conducted on junior high school students, totaling 40 students. The data was obtained by measuring the pulse. Pulse was measured by counting the pulse in the neck for 10 seconds. The calculation result is multiplied by 6 to determine the number of pulses per minute—data analysis by comparing the measurement results with heating criteria based on age. The results showed that the first trial had a pulse rate of 142. Based on trial with 40 samples each at level 1, 140 level 2, 143, and level 3, 143 beats per minute. All of these pulses were in the exercise pulse. So it can be recommended that this game be used for heating purposes.

Recognizing and Managing Snapping Hip Syndrome in Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther C Nolton ◽  
Jatin P Ambegaonkar
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Snapping Hip ◽  
Bony Prominence ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Snapping Hip Syndrome ◽  
Flexion And Extension

BACKGROUND: Snapping hip syndrome (SHS) is a common hip pathology in dancers. SHS can be either internal or external, resulting from muscle tendon tightness from repetitive hip flexion and extension, accompanied with hip abduction and/or external rotation. Muscular tightness may cause the tendon to become taut and snap over a bony prominence during hip movement, leading to muscular weakness and reduced range of motion from pain. Because SHS is poorly identified and can present similarly to other hip pathologies, many SHS incidences are underreported or misdiagnosed. Though SHS can begin as a harmless popping sensation, pain can become severe enough to limit dancers’ activities and potentially result in the development of concomitant issues. EVALUATION: Physical examination for snapping hip includes moving the hip from flexion, abduction, and external rotation (FABER) into extension, adduction, and rotated to a neutral position. Dynamic ultrasound can also be used to study SHS, as using this method allows clinicians to observe the snapping tendon in real-time. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging may serve to rule out other differential diagnoses. MANAGEMENT: Conservative management through rehabilitative therapy is the standard for initial management. In severe cases, arthroscopic intervention may be useful in releasing tension in the pathological tendon. Active rest with training modifications should be attempted to mitigate further injury. CONCLUSION: Early and comprehensive examination and management can help to reduce SHS risk and potentially decrease the ability of this debilitating condition to derail a dancer’s career.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Transplantasi Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Karang Acropora aspera Pada Artificial Patch Reef Di Pulau Panjang, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bintang Prayoga ◽  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Irwani Irwani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

Artificial Patch Reef (APR) adalah salah satu terumbu karang buatan yang dirancang dengan bentuk melingkar modular berbentuk piramida dan memiliki 4 tingkatan atau kedalaman yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Acropora aspera sebagai karang yang akan ditransplan pada APR karena saat ini populasi dari Acropora sangat terdegradasi dan terus menurun. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018 di perairan Pulau Panjang Jepara. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan Acropora aspera dengan variasi metode yaitu ditransplan secara vertikal dan horizontal. Kedua metode memiliki keuntungan masing-masing dengan metode vertikal memiliki peluang pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat karena pertumbuhan pada karang selalu menuju ke arah datangnya sinar matahari, keuntungan dari posisi penanaman secara horizontal adalah posisi yang optimal karena hasilnya karang tetap dapat tumbuh pada dua sisi dan dapat tumbuh ke segala arah. Selain itu penelitian ini menggunakan 3 kedalaman yang berbeda. Pertumbuhan tertinggi pada perbedaan metode terjadi pada metode vertikal dengan laju pertumbuhan sebesar 0,35 cm/bulan sedangkan pada metode horizontal didapat hasil sebesar 0,27 cm/bulan. Untuk laju pertumbuhan pada perbedaan kedalaman atau tingkatan didapatkan laju pertumbuhan untuk tingkat 2 sebesar 0,24 cm/bulan, tingkat 3 sebesar 0,34 cm/bulan dan tingkat 4 sebesar 0,35 cm/bulan. Analisis statistik ANOVA  menunjukkan pada tingkatan dan metode diperoleh nilai Sig. 0,00  yang berarti H1 diterima, berarti ada perbedaan signifikan antar metode dan antar tingkatan. Artificial Patch Reef (APR) is one of the artificial reefs that is designed with a circular pyramidal modular shape and has 4 different gradations or depths. This study used Acropora aspera as the coral to be transplanted in the APR because currently the population of Acropora is highly degraded and continues to decrease. This research was conducted from April to July 2018 on the Panjang Island, Jepara. This research use Acropora aspera with a variety of methods that transplanted vertically and horizontally. Both methods have advantages. Vertical method has chance to growth faster than horizontal method. In the direction that comes from sunlight, the benefits of planting horizontally are optimal because they produce corals that can grow on both sides and can grow to all direction. In addition, this study uses 3 different levels. The highest method obtained in the vertical method with a growth rate of 0.35 cm / month in the horizontal method results obtained at 0.27 cm / month. For the growth rate at the growth rate or growth rate for level 2 of 0.24 cm / month, level 3 is 0.34 cm / month and level 4 is 0.35 cm / month. Statistical analysis of ANOVA determines at the level and method obtains the Sig. 0,00 which means H1 is accepted, meaning there are significant differences between methods and between levels.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of dietary sulfur and molybdenum on concentrations of copper and other elements in plasma and liver of lambs fed palm kernel cake diets

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
S. Jalaludin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

A 6-month experiment with nine dietary treatments was conducted to determine amounts of S plus Mo supplements required to maintain normal hepatic concentrations of Cu and Mo and to prevent chronic Cu toxicity in lambs fed palm kernel cake (PKC) diets. All diets consisted of PKC supplemented with minerals and vitamins, and with appropriate amounts per kg DM of S (level 0 or level 1 = 1 g) as sodium sulfate and/or Mo (level 0; level 1 = 4 mg; level 2 = 8 mg; level 3 = 16 mg; level 4 = 32 mg) as ammonium molybdate to form treatments S0Mo1, S0Mo2, S0Mo3, S0Mo4, S1Mo0, S1Mo1, S1Mo2, S1Mo3 and S1Mo4.There was no effect (P>0·05) of dietary treatments on the growth performance of the lambs. The dietary supplement of 1 g S plus 8 mg Mo per kg dietary DM (treatment S1Mo2) prevented accumulation of Cu in the liver without elevation of the concentration of Mo (P>0·05). The treatments S0Mo1, S0Mo2 and S0Mo3 increased (P < 0·05) hepatic Cu concentrations from 376 μg/g DM to between 1090 and 1294 μg/g DM. Also, the treatments S1Mo3 and S1Mo4 resulted in higher (P < 0·05) hepatic Mo concentrations compared with the treatment S1Mo0. It was concluded that the dietary supplement of 1 g S plus 8 mg Mo/kg PKC DM added to the PKC used is sufficient to maintain normal hepatic concentrations of Cu and Mo and to prevent chronic Cu toxicity in sheep fed diets containing any amount of PKC.

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