scholarly journals Two large-scale forest scenario modelling approaches for reporting CO2 removal: a comparison for the Romanian forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel N. B. Blujdea ◽  
Richard Sikkema ◽  
Ioan Dutca ◽  
Gert-Jan Nabuurs
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Stock Change

Abstract Background Forest carbon models are recognized as suitable tools for the reporting and verification of forest carbon stock and stock change, as well as for evaluating the forest management options to enhance the carbon sink provided by sustainable forestry. However, given their increased complexity and data availability, different models may simulate different estimates. Here, we compare carbon estimates for Romanian forests as simulated by two models (CBM and EFISCEN) that are often used for evaluating the mitigation options given the forest-management choices. Results The models, calibrated and parameterized with identical or harmonized data, derived from two successive national forest inventories, produced similar estimates of carbon accumulation in tree biomass. According to CBM simulations of carbon stocks in Romanian forests, by 2060, the merchantable standing stock volume will reach an average of 377 m3 ha−1, while the carbon stock in tree biomass will reach 76.5 tC ha−1. The EFISCEN simulations produced estimates that are about 5% and 10%, respectively, lower. In addition, 10% stronger biomass sink was simulated by CBM, whereby the difference reduced over time, amounting to only 3% toward 2060. Conclusions This model comparison provided valuable insights on both the conceptual and modelling algorithms, as well as how the quality of the input data may affect calibration and projections of the stock and stock change in the living biomass pool. In our judgement, both models performed well, providing internally consistent results. Therefore, we underline the importance of the input data quality and the need for further data sampling and model improvements, while the preference for one model or the other should be based on the availability and suitability of the required data, on preferred output variables and ease of use.

scholarly journals Propagating Uncertainty in Plot-based Estimates of Forest Carbon Stock and Carbon Stock Change

Ecosystems ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Holdaway ◽  
Stephen J. McNeill ◽  
Norman W. H. Mason ◽  
Fiona E. Carswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
Stock Change

scholarly journals Implications of differing input data sources and approaches upon forest carbon stock estimation

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 543-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Wulder ◽  
Joanne C. White ◽  
Graham Stinson ◽  
Thomas Hilker ◽  
Werner A. Kurz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
Stock Estimation

scholarly journals Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Accumulation 19 Years Post-Windthrow and Salvage Logging

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Callie Oldfield ◽  
Chris Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Wind Disturbance ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stock Recovery

Natural disturbances shape forest ecosystem characteristics, including carbon storage and structure. Often, natural disturbances are compounded with anthropogenic disturbances, which may alter the trajectory of forest carbon stock recovery. Heterogeneous levels of disturbance severity in compound disturbance events add an additional layer of complexity. This paper examines the effect of a moderate-severity wind disturbance and subsequent salvage logging on forest biomass and carbon stock recovery over 19 years. We investigate the recovery of aboveground tree biomass following a wind disturbance and salvage logging and examine the role of wind disturbance severity on biomass accumulation rates. We use pre-disturbance, 3 years post-wind disturbance and 19 years post-wind disturbance measurements of tree biomass across two adjacent sites at Natchez Trace State Forest for Site A and Site B in east central Tennessee. We found no significant difference in the carbon storage at Site A (pre = 92 MgC/ha; 19 years post-disturbance = 83 MgC/ha) or Site B (pre = 66 MgC/ha; 19 years post-disturbance = 67) when comparing the pre-disturbance level of aboveground tree carbon storage with the 19-years post-disturbance levels. Furthermore, we found no evidence that salvage logging reduced the rate of live tree carbon accumulation. The corresponding rates of mean annual carbon accumulation (MgC/ha) are as follows: Site A Unsalvaged (1.07), Site A Salvaged (1.25) and Site B Salvaged (2.02). Contrary to our prediction, greater wind damage severity was weakly associated with higher rates of biomass accumulation (R2 = 0.17). While we found no negative effect of salvage logging on the aboveground tree carbon accumulation rate, salvage logging alters other carbon pools, including coarse woody debris. Salvage logging did not reduce the rate of carbon stock recovery, and a higher wind disturbance severity was associated with a greater rate of carbon stock recovery.

scholarly journals Estimation of Future Changes in Aboveground Forest Carbon Stock in Romania. A Prediction Based on Forest-Cover Pattern Scenario

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Monica Dumitrașcu ◽  
Gheorghe Kucsicsa ◽  
Cristina Dumitrică ◽  
Elena-Ana Popovici ◽  
Alexandra Vrînceanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cover Pattern

The aboveground forest biomass plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and is considered a large and constant carbon reservoir. Hence, exploring the future potential changes in forest-cover pattern can help to estimate the trend of forest biomass and therefore, carbon stock in a certain area. As a result, the present paper attempts to model the potential changes in aboveground forest carbon stock based on the forest-cover pattern scenario simulated for 2050. Specifically, the resulting aboveground forest biomass, estimated for 2015 using the allometric equation based on diameter at breast height and the estimated forest density, was used as baseline data in the present approach. These spatial data were integrated into the forest-cover pattern scenario, predicted by using a spatially explicit model, i.e., the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S), in order to estimate the potential variation of aboveground forest carbon stock. Our results suggest an overall increase by approximately 4% in the aboveground forest carbon stock until 2050 in Romania. However, important differences in the forest-cover pattern change were predicted on the regional scale, thus highlighting that the rates of carbon accumulation will change significantly in large areas. This study may increase the knowledge of aboveground forest biomass and the future trend of carbon stock in the European countries. Furthermore, due to their predictive character, the results may provide a background for further studies, in order to investigate the potential ecological, socio-economic and forest management responses to the changes in the aboveground forest carbon stock. However, in view of the uncertainties associated with the data accuracy and methodology used, it is presumed that the results include several spatial errors related to the estimation of aboveground forest biomass and simulation of future forest-cover pattern change and therefore, represent an uncertainty for the practical management of applications and decisions.

scholarly journals Estimate of biomass and carbon pools in disturbed and undisturbed oak forests in Tunisia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Zribi ◽  
Hatem Chaar ◽  
Abdelhamid Khaldi ◽  
Belgacem Henchi ◽  
Florent Mouillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Total Tree

Aim of the study. To estimate biomass and carbon accumulation in a young and disturbed forest (regenerated after a tornado) and an aged cork oak forest (undisturbed forest) as well as its distribution among the different pools (tree, litter and soil).Area of study. The north west of TunisiaMaterial and methods. Carbon stocks were evaluated in the above and belowground cork oak trees, the litter and the 150 cm of the soil. Tree biomass was estimated in both young and aged forests using allometric biomass equations developed for wood stem, cork stem, wood branch, cork branch, leaves, roots and total tree biomass based on combinations of diameter at breast height, total height and crown length as independent variables.Main results. Total tree biomass in forests was 240.58 Mg ha-1 in the young forest and 411.30 Mg ha-1 in the aged forest with a low root/shoot ratio (0.41 for young forest and 0.31 for aged forest). Total stored carbon was 419.46 Mg C ha-1 in the young forest and 658.09 Mg C ha-1 in the aged forest. Carbon stock (Mg C ha-1) was estimated to be113.61(27.08%) and 194.08 (29.49%) in trees, 3.55 (0.85%) and 5.73 (0.87%) in litter and 302.30 (72.07%) and 458.27 (69.64%) in soil in the young and aged forests, respectively.Research highlights. Aged undisturbed forest had the largest tree biomass but a lower potential for accumulation of carbon in the future; in contrast, young disturbed forest had both higher growth and carbon storage potential.Keywords: Tree biomass; disturbance; allometry; cork oak forests; soil organic carbon stock.

The U.S. forest carbon accounting framework: stocks and stock change, 1990-2016

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Woodall ◽  
John W. Coulston ◽  
Grant M. Domke ◽  
Brian F. Walters ◽  
David N. Wear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
The U.S

Economic Consequences of the AOCI Filter Removal for Advanced Approaches Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehwa Kim ◽  
Seil Kim ◽  
Stephen G. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Interest Rate Spread ◽  
Loan Supply ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
Interest Rate Risk Management

ABSTRACT We examine economic consequences of U.S. bank regulators' phased removal of the prudential filter for accumulated other comprehensive income for advanced approaches banks beginning on January 1, 2014. The primary effect of the AOCI filter is to exclude unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities from banks' regulatory capital. We predict and find that, to mitigate regulatory capital volatility resulting from the filter removal, advanced approaches banks increased the proportion of investment securities classified as held-to-maturity, thereby limiting their financing and interest rate risk management options, and they decreased securities risk, thereby reducing their interest rate spread. We further predict and find that these banks borrow more under securities repurchase agreements potentially collateralized by held-to-maturity securities and reduce loan supply owing to their reduced financing options, and that they increase loan risk to mitigate the decrease in their interest rate spread. JEL Classifications: G21; G28; M41; M48. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

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