Symptomatic eating epilepsy: two novel pediatric patients and review of literature

AbstractEating epilepsy (EE) is a form of reflex epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by eating. It is a rare condition but a high prevalence has been reported in Sri Lanka. In EE, the ictal semiology includes focal seizures with or without secondary generalization or generalized seizures. Some cases are idiopathic while focal structural changes on imaging, if present, are often confined to the temporal lobe or perisylvian region. On the other hand, some cases support the hypothesis of a genetic aetiology. The prognosis of EE is extremely variable due to the different nature of the underlying disorder. We describe two patients with symptomatic eating epilepsy, a 13-year-old boy with a bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria and a 2-year-old boy with a genetic cause. The presence of structural lesions or the dysfunction of specific cortical regions in the context of a germline genetic alteration might lead to a hyperexcitation fostering the epileptogenesis. We review the available literature to clarify the aetiopathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying EE to improve the diagnosis and the management of these rare conditions.

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A Rare Case of Congenital Missing Mandibular Second Molar: Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-2(3)-036 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deepashri H Kambalimath

Keyword(s):

Tooth Development ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Indian Literature ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Second Molar ◽

The World ◽

Mandibular Second Molar ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Congenital missing permanent second molar is an extremely rare condition. Non syndromic mandibular second molar agenesis associated with other anomalies has occasionally been reported in literature, but isolated sporadic cases are rarely observed. Number of interactions between genetic and environmental factors during the process of tooth development might be the causative etiology for agenesis. This report presents an isolated case of hypodontia with absence of bilateral mandibular second molar agenesis in a healthy 18 year old female patient is presented and literature review on prevalence of most missing teeth with incidence of missing second molar in various regions of the world and in various regions of Indian continent is presented. No such case has been reported in Indian literature so far.

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Cardiovascular Changes in Menopause

Current Cardiology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573403x16666201106141811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Anjana R Nair ◽

Aiswarya J Pillai ◽

Nandini Nair

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Coronary Anatomy ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Fat Redistribution ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Cardiovascular Aging

: Menopause is associated with changes consistent with cardiovascular aging. The effects on cardiac disease is multifaceted affecting endothelial function, coronary artery physiology and metabolic dysfunction leading to structural changes in the coronary anatomy. A systematic review of literature from 1986 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was directed to retrieve papers that addressed the changes in cardiovascular physiology in menopause and the current therapies available to treat cardiovascular manifestations of menopause. The metabolic and clinical factors secondary to menopause such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fat redistribution and systemic hypertension contribute to the accelerated risk for cardiovascular aging and disease. Atherosclerosis appears to be the end result of the interaction between cardiovascular risk factors and their accentuation during the perimenopausal period. Additionally, complex interactions between oxidative stress and levels of L-arginine and ADMA may also influence endothelial dysfunction in menopause. The increased cardiovascular risk in menopause stems from the exaggerated effects of changing physiology on the cardiovascular system affecting peripheral, cardiac and cerebrovascular beds. The differential effects of menopause on cardiovascular disease at the subclinical, biochemical and molecular levels form the highlights of this review.

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina without Metastasis: A Rare Case and Review of Literature

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wilson Bizimana ◽

Gloria Akimana ◽

Arthur Semedo Insumbo ◽

Hounayda Jerguigue ◽

Rachida Latib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Patient Survival ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Primary Malignant Melanoma ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Improve Patient Survival ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Improve Patient

AbstractMalignant melanoma of vagina is a rare condition. Its histogenesis has been debated and the positive diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for assessing locoregional extension status and post-treatment surveillance of melanoma of vagina. The observation concerned a 53-year-old woman with no specific history who presented a primary malignant melanoma of vagina without secondary locations. To date, the case is the second one reported in the literature. Early diagnosis of the malignant melanoma of vagina may improve patient survival because late diagnoses are punctuated by poor prognosis. We have presented epidemiological with etiopathogenic characteristics and described all imaging features to stage the tumor and to conduct the appropriate treatment.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Shoulders and Its Associations with Shoulder Pain, Age, and Swim Training in Masters Swimmers

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57010029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Yuta Suzuki ◽

Noriaki Maeda ◽

Junpei Sasadai ◽

Kazuki Kaneda ◽

Taizan Shirakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Partial Tear ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Long Head ◽

Competitive Swimmers ◽

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

Background and objectives: The long head of the biceps (LHB) and rotator cuff tendinopathy is the major cause of shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. The risk of tendinopathy increases with aging; however, the structural changes of LHB and rotator cuff in populations of masters swimmers have not been well examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic abnormalities of the shoulders in masters swimmers, and the association of pain, age, and swim training with structural changes in this population. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects participated in this study, with 20 masters swimmers with shoulder pain, 20 asymptomatic masters swimmers, and 20 sex- and age-matched controls. All swimmers completed a self-reported questionnaire for shoulder pain, their history of competition, and training volume. Each subject underwent ultrasonographic examination of both shoulders for pathologic findings in the LHB tendon, rotator cuff (supraspinatus (SSP) and subscapularis (SSC)) tendons, and subacromial bursa (SAB) of both shoulders and had thickness measured. Results: The prevalence of tendinosis (LHB, 48.8%; SSP, 17.5%; SSC, 15.9%), partial tear (SSP, 35.0%), and calcification (SSC, 10.0%) were higher in swimmers than in controls. LHB and SSP tendinosis were associated with shoulder pain. Older age and later start of competition were associated with an increased risk of LHB tendinosis and SSC calcification. Earlier initiation of swimming and longer history of competition were associated with an increased risk of SSP and SSC tendinosis. The thicker SSP tendon significantly increased the risk of tendinosis and partial tear. Conclusions: A high prevalence of structural changes in the rotator cuff and biceps tendons in masters swimmers reflects the effect of shoulder symptoms, aging, and swim training.

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Extensive Extraneural Metastases of Cerebral Glioblastoma in a Pediatric Patient: An Extreme Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000515348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kadir Oktay ◽

Dogu Cihan Yildirim ◽

Arbil Acikalin ◽

Kerem Mazhar Ozsoy ◽

Nuri Eralp Cetinalp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Extreme Case ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Extraneural Metastases

Introduction: Extraneural metastases of glioblastoma are very rare clinical entities, especially in pediatric patients. Because of their rarity, they can be confused with other pathological processes. Case Presentation: We report a case of 16-year-old boy with extensive extraneural metastases of glioblastoma. Lung, liver, cervical lymph nodes, skin, and bone metastases were detected in the patient. Conclusion: We describe the presentation, evaluation, and diagnosis of this rare condition with regard to pertinent literature.

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Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

Archives of Craniofacial Surgery ◽

10.7181/acfs.2020.00528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 288-293

Author(s):

Ju Long Hu ◽

Hyokyung Yoo ◽

Sung Tack Kwon ◽

Sukwha Kim ◽

Jee Hyeok Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Review Of Literature

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Clinical features and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with tic disorders: A retrospective chart review study from South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29173/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eu Gene Park ◽

Young-Hoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Functional Impairments ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tic Severity ◽

Lip Movement ◽

The Mean ◽

Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities

Abstract Background: Tic disorders are childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by multiple motor or vocal tics with frequent comorbidities and a broad spectrum of phenotypic presentations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions in pediatric patients with tic disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 pediatric patients (89 males, 30 females) who were diagnosed with tic disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Republic of Korea, between January 2012 and July 2019.Results: The mean age of tic onset was 6.9 years (range, 1–14) and the mean age at diagnosis was 8 years (range, 1–17). The mean lag between tic onset and diagnosis was 13.3 months (range, 0.25–132). The most common, first-presenting tics were eye blinking (50.4%), followed by jaw or lip movement (29.4%) and throat clearing (29.4%). Thirty-seven (31.1%) patients had at least one co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder at the time of tic diagnosis. Subtypes of tic disorders, types of initial tics, and presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities were not associated with tic severity. Tic severity was associated with greater functional impairment and tic noticeability (p <0.05). A relatively shorter time to diagnosis was associated with tic severity (Spearman’s ρ = –0.14, p = 0.11).Conclusions: The evolving nature of tic expression and severity, high prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and associated functional impairments emphasize the importance of comprehensive assessment during the disease course for determining and prioritizing goals of treatment.

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Diagnosis and Management of Suspected Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Approach and Review of Literature

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/08830738211064673 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088307382110646

Author(s):

Melissa A. Wright ◽

Cristina C. Trandafir ◽

Gary R. Nelson ◽

Aimee O. Hersh ◽

C. J. Inman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iterative Process ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Young Patients ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Comprehensive Approach ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Diagnosis And Management

Autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly recognized entity in children. When treated promptly, favorable outcomes are seen in a majority of pediatric patients. However, recognition of autoimmune encephalitis in young patients is challenging. Once autoimmune encephalitis is suspected, additional difficulties exist regarding timing of treatment initiation and duration of treatment, as evidence to guide management of these patients is emerging. Here, we review available literature regarding pediatric autoimmune encephalitis and present our institution's comprehensive approach to the evaluation and management of the disease. These guidelines were developed through an iterative process involving both pediatric neurologists and rheumatologists.

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Eating Epilepsy: Pathophysiologic Models, Electroclinical Phenotypes, and Outcome

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 094-099

Author(s):

Alessandro Iodice

Keyword(s):

Late Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Reflex Epilepsy ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Rare Form ◽

Epileptic Spasms ◽

Generalized Seizures ◽

Impaired Awareness ◽

Interictal Discharges

AbstractEating epilepsy (EE) is a rare form of reflex epilepsy precipitated by food. Ictal semiology may vary depending on the etiology, age at onset, and cerebral areas involved in the epileptogenic network. In childhood, EE could manifest as tonic head drop seizures, generalized seizures, or late-onset epileptic spasms. However, in teenagers or adults, seizures are often preceded by aura and commonly manifest as focal seizures with or without impaired awareness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are seen in less than half of the reported cases. Posterior or multifocal interictal discharges can be seen in patients with EE. No randomized data about treatment are available. Structural epilepsies or coexistent unprovoked seizures other than eating seizures are poor prognostic factors for pharmacological outcome.

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