scholarly journals Pubertal timing and breast density in young women: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Houghton ◽  
Seungyoun Jung ◽  
Rebecca Troisi ◽  
Erin S. LeBlanc ◽  
Linda G. Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pubertal Tempo

Abstract Background Earlier age at onset of pubertal events and longer intervals between them (tempo) have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. It is unknown whether the timing and tempo of puberty are associated with adult breast density, which could mediate the increased risk. Methods From 1988 to 1997, girls participating in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) were clinically assessed annually between ages 8 and 17 years for Tanner stages of breast development (thelarche) and pubic hair (pubarche), and onset of menses (menarche) was self-reported. In 2006–2008, 182 participants then aged 25–29 years had their percent dense breast volume (%DBV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable, linear mixed-effects regression models adjusted for reproductive factors, demographics, and body size were used to evaluate associations of age and tempo of puberty events with %DBV. Results The mean (standard deviation) and range of %DBV were 27.6 (20.5) and 0.2–86.1. Age at thelarche was negatively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.04), while pubertal tempo between thelarche and menarche was positively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.007). %DBV was 40% higher in women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was 2.9 years or longer (geometric mean (95%CI) = 21.8% (18.2–26.2%)) compared to women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was less than 1.6 years (geometric mean (95%CI) = 15.6% (13.9–17.5%)). Conclusions Our results suggest that a slower pubertal tempo, i.e., greater number of months between thelarche and menarche, is associated with higher percent breast density in young women. Future research should examine whether breast density mediates the association between slower tempo and increased breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals Review of: Are breast density and bone mineral density independent risk factors for breast cancer?

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Citation of original article:K. Kerlikowske, J. Shepherd, J. Creasman, J. A. Tice, E. Ziv, S. R. Cummings. Are breast density and bone mineral density independent risk factors for breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005; 97(7): 368–74.Abstract of the original articleBackground: Mammographic breast density and bone mineral density (BMD) are markers of cumulative exposure to estrogen. Previous studies have suggested that women with high mammographic breast density or high BMD are at increased risk of breast cancer. We determined whether mammographic breast density and BMD of the hip and spine are correlated and independently associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study (N = 15 254) and a nested case-control study (of 208 women with breast cancer and 436 control subjects) among women aged 28 years or older who had a screening mammography examination and hip BMD measurement within 2 years. Breast density for 3105 of the women was classified using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories, and percentage mammographic breast density among the case patients and control subjects was quantified with a computer-based threshold method. Spearman rank partial correlation coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to examine correlations between BI-RADS breast density and BMD and between percentage mammographic breast density and BMD, respectively, in women without breast cancer. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of breast cancer with percentage mammographic breast density and BMD. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Neither BI-RADS breast density nor percentage breast density was correlated with hip or spine BMD (correlation coefficient = −.02 and −.01 for BI-RADS, respectively, and −2.06 and .01 for percentage breast density, respectively). Neither hip BMD nor spine BMD had a statistically significant relationship with breast cancer risk. Women with breast density in the highest sextile had an approximately threefold increased risk of breast cancer compared with women in the lowest sextile (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–5.4); adjusting for hip or spine BMD did not change the association between breast density and breast cancer risk. Conclusion: Breast density is strongly associated with increased risk of breast cancer, even after taking into account reproductive and hormonal risk factors, whereas BMD, although a possible marker of lifetime exposure to estrogen, is not. Thus, a component of breast density that is independent of estrogen-mediated effects may contribute to breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5391
Author(s):  
Maddison Archer ◽  
Pallave Dasari ◽  
Andreas Evdokiou ◽  
Wendy V. Ingman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Mammographic Density

Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer; women with extremely dense breasts have a four to six fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with mostly fatty breasts, when matched with age and body mass index. High mammographic density is characterised by high proportions of stroma, containing fibroblasts, collagen and immune cells that suggest a pro-tumour inflammatory microenvironment. However, the biological mechanisms that drive increased mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are not yet understood. Inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, peroxidase enzymes, transforming growth factor beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha have been implicated in breast development as well as breast cancer risk, and also influence functions of stromal fibroblasts. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to high mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are reviewed, with particular consideration to potential immune factors that may contribute to this process.

Higher volumetric breast density to predict risk for aggressive breast cancer subtype in postmenopausal Korean women.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11584-e11584
Author(s):  
In Hae Park ◽  
Kyungran Ko ◽  
Ji Soo Choi ◽  
So-youn Jung ◽  
Seeyoun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Increased Risk

e11584 Background: In Asian population, the peak incidence of breast cancer is women in their late forties. We investigated the association between volumetric breast density and breast cancer risk according to menstruation status and breast cancer subtypes in Korean women. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 509 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 1336 healthy control subjects who performed mammography at the National Cancer Center in Korea between Sep 2011 and Nov 2012. Breast density was estimated using volumetric breast composition measurement (VolparaTM). We collected clinical data including menstruation status, parity, BMI and use of postmenopausal hormones. For cancer patient, we additionally acquired following pathologic data: histologic type, tumor size and grade, receptor status, Ki-67, and nodal status. Results: Of a total of subjects, 1064 (57.7%) women were postmenopausal status. The risk of breast cancer increased progressively with increase in volumetric breast density (Ptrend <0.001) in all subjects. In addition, breast cancer risk increased in women < 60 years old (odds radio (OR) = 1.81), higher body mass index (BMI) (< 25kg/m2 vs. ≥ 25kg/m2) (OR = 2.41), and fewer childbirth (0/1 vs. ≥ 2) (OR=2.38). In postmenopausal women, higher breast density (category 4) showed a 3.00-fold (OR = 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75-5.16, P<0.001) increased risk of breast cancer compared with lower breast density (category 1-2). In contrast, there was no such association in premenopausal women. The associations of volumetric breast density were stronger for HER2 positivity (Ptrend <0.019), and high Ki-67 (Ptrend <0.006) in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. There was a statistically significant association between lower breast density and hormone receptor (HR) positive/HER2 negative breast cancer (Ptrend <0.019). Conclusions: High volumetric breast density is associated with the risk of breast cancer having more aggressive tumor characteristics in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Mammographic Density Changes over Time and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4805
Author(s):  
Arezo Mokhtary ◽  
Andreas Karakatsanis ◽  
Antonis Valachis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between mammographic density changes over time and the risk of breast cancer. We performed a systematic literature review based on the PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. A meta-analysis was conducted by computing extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cohort studies or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval using inverse variance method. Of the nine studies included, five were cohort studies that used HR as a measurement type for their statistical analysis and four were case–control or cohort studies that used OR as a measurement type. Increased breast density over time in cohort studies was associated with higher breast cancer risk (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.33–1.96) whereas decreased breast density over time was associated with lower breast cancer risk (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.71–0.87). Similarly, increased breast density over time was associated with higher breast cancer risk in studies presented ORs (pooled OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.29–2.65). Our findings imply that an increase in breast density over time seems to be linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, whereas a decrease in breast density over time seems to be linked to a lower risk of breast cancer.

The relationship of breast density, BMI, and menopausal status in mammography and MRI.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 36-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chun ◽  
Ana Paula Refinetti ◽  
Ana Klautau Leite ◽  
Freya Ruth Schnabel ◽  
Tsivia Hochman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Background Parenchymal Enhancement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

36 Background: Mammographic breast density (BD) is associated with a 4- to 6-fold increased risk for developing breast cancer. A previous study has shown that background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) as measured on MRI can be correlated with breast cancer risk. Being overweight or obese is also an established risk factor for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BD, BPE, FGT (assessment of fibroglandular tissue with contiguous MR images), and BMI in pre- and post-menopausal women. Methods: The Breast Cancer Database at NYU Langone Medical Center was queried and a total of 187 women had completed both screening mammograms and MRIs. Variables of interest included BD, BPE, FGT, BMI, and menopausal status. BD was defined by ACR classifications 1-4. FGT was assessed on a similar scale 1-4. BPE was categorized as minimal, mild, moderate, or marked. BMI (kg/m2) was grouped as underweight (≤18), normal (19-24), overweight (25-29), and obese (≥30). Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman Correlation Coefficients and Cochran Mantel Haenszel tests. Results: The median age in our cohort was 51 years (range 22-87 years). The majority were Caucasian (71%) with early stage breast cancers (75%). There was no correlation between BD and BPE (r=0.132) and a weak correlation between BPE and FGT (r=0.312). However, there was a strong positive correlation between BD and FGT (r=0.733). After adjusting for menopausal status, these correlations remained the same. When we stratified by BMI, we found the strongest positive association between BD and FGT among women with BMI≥25 (r=0.715). Conclusions: In our cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, BD and BPE were not correlated, even after adjusting for menopausal status. This implies that BD and BPE may represent different characteristics of breast tissue and may have different implications. We found a strong correlation between FGT and BD. This association was strongest in women who were overweight and obese. FGT is a more objective and quantitative measurement of breast density and may be more useful in quantitative breast cancer risk assessment.Further studies are necessary to determine if BPE and FGT are independent risk factors for breast cancer.

СONTRIBUTION OF POLYMORPHIC VARIATION OF ТP53 AND XRCC1 GENES TO THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BREAST CANCER FOR WOMEN OF KYRGYZ AND BELARUSIAN NATIONALITY - A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MULTIFACTOR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Nazira Aldasheva ◽  
Vyacheslav Kipen ◽  
Zhaynagul Isakova ◽  
Sergey Melnov ◽  
Raisa Smolyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
The Republic

Basing on Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method we showed that polymorphic variants p.Q399R (rs25487, XRCC1) and p.P72R (rs1042522, TP53) correlated with increased risk of breast cancer for women from the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Belarus. Cohort for investigation included patients with clinically verified breast cancer: 117 women from the Kyrgyz Republic (nationality - Kyrgyz) and 169 - of the Republic of Belarus (nationality - Belarusians). Group for comparison included (healthy patients without history of cancer pathology at the time of blood sampling) 102 patients from the Kyrgyz Republic, 185 - from the Republic of Belarus. Respectively genotyping of polymorphic variants p.Q399R (rs25487, XRCC1) and p.P72R (rs1042522, TP53) was done by PCR-RFLP. Analysis of the intergenic interactions conducted with MDR 3.0.2 software. Both ethnic groups showed an increase of breast cancer risk in the presence of alleles for SNPs Gln p.Q399R (XRCC1) in the heterozygous state: for the group “Kyrgyz” - OR=2,78 (95% CI=[1,60-4,82]), p=0,001; for the group “Belarusians” - OR=1,85 (95% СІ=[1Д1-2,82], p=0,004. Carriers with combination of alleles Gln (p.Q399R, XRCC1) and Pro (p.P72R, TP53) showed statistically significance increases of breast cancer risk as for patients from the Kyrgyz Republic (OR=2,89, 95% CI=[1,33-6,31]), so as for patients from the Republic of Belarus (OR=3,01, 95% CI=[0,79-11,56]).

scholarly journals Transiently increased risk of breast cancer after childbirth: implications for fertility treatments and surrogacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1255
Author(s):  
Zeev Blumenfeld ◽  
Norbert Gleicher ◽  
Eli Y Adashi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Whereas longstanding dogma has purported that pregnancies protect women from breast cancer, a recent meta-analysis now mandates reconsideration since it reported an actual higher breast cancer risk for more than two decades after childbirth before the relative risk turns negative. Moreover, the risk of breast cancer appears higher for women having their first birth at an older age and with a family history and it is not reduced by breastfeeding. The process of obtaining informed consent for all fertility treatments, therefore, must make patients aware of the facts that every pregnancy, to a small degree, will increase the short-term breast cancer risk. This observation may be even more relevant in cases of surrogacy where women agree to conceive without deriving benefits of offspring from assuming the risk, thus creating a substantially different risk-benefit ratio. Consequently, it appears prudent for professional societies in the field to update recommendations regarding consent information for all fertility treatments but especially for treatments involving surrogacy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document