scholarly journals Impact of involving the community in entomological surveillance of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) vectorial control

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abrahan ◽  
M. J. Cavallo ◽  
I. Amelotti
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Spatial Scan Statistic ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
La Rioja

Abstract Background Vectorial transmission is the principal path of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. In Argentina, Triatoma infestans is the principal vector; therefore, vector control is the main strategy for the prevention of this illness. The Provincial Program of Chagas La Rioja (PPCHLR) carries out entomological evaluation of domiciliary units (DUs) and spraying of those where T. infestans is found. The lack of government funds has led to low visitation frequency by the PPCHLR, especially in areas with a low infestation rate, which are not prioritized. Therefore, seeking possible alternatives to complement control activities is necessary. Involving householders in entomological evaluation could be a control alternative. The major objective was to determine the cost of entomological evaluation with and without community participation. Methods For entomological evaluation without community participation, PPCHLR data collected in February 2017 over 359 DUs of the Castro Barros Department (CBD) were used. For entomological evaluation with community participation, 434 DUs of the same department were selected in November 2017. Each householder was trained in collecting insects, which were kept in labeled plastic bags, recovered after 2 weeks, and analyzed in the laboratory for the presence of T. cruzi. Using householders' collection data, a spatial scan statistic was used to detect clusters of different T. infestans infestations. Entomological evaluation costs with and without community participation related to the numbers of DUs visited, DUs evaluated, and DUs sprayed were calculated and compared between methodologies. In addition, the number of DUs evaluated of the DUs visited was compared. Results According to the results, the triatomines did not show evidence of T. cruzi infection. Spatial analysis detected heterogeneity of T. infestans infestation in the area. Costs related to the DUs visited, evaluated, and sprayed were lower with community participation (p < 0.05). In addition, more DUs were evaluated in relation to those visited and a greater surface area was covered with community participation. Conclusion Participation of the community in the infestation survey is an efficient complement to vertical control, allowing the spraying to be focused on infested houses and thus reducing the PPCHLR's costs and intervention times.

scholarly journals Impact involving the community in entomological surveillance of the Triatoma infestans vectorial control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Abrahan ◽  
María José Cavallo ◽  
Ivana Amelotti
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Vertical Control ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
La Rioja

Abstract BackgroundVectorial transmission is the principal way of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the parasite that cause Chagas disease. In Argentina, Triatoma infestans is the principal vector, for this reason, vector control is the main strategy for the prevention of this illness. Provincial Program of Chagas La Rioja (PPCHLR) carries out entomological evaluation of domiciliary units (DU) and spraying those where T. infestans are found. The lack of government funds generated low visit frequency of PPCHLR, especially in areas with a low infestation that they were not prioritized. For this reason, seeking possible alternatives to complement control activities are necessary. Involving householders in entomologic evaluation would be a control alternative. The major objective was to determine the cost of entomological evaluation with and without community participation.MethodsFor entomological evaluation without community participation, PPCHLR data collected in February 2017 over 359 DU of Castro Barros Department (CBD) were used. For entomological evaluation with community participation, 434 DU of the same department were selected in November 2017. Each householder was trained in the insect collection that were kept in labelled plastic bags and recovered after two weeks to analyse T. cruzi presence in laboratory. Entomological evaluation costs with and without community participation over DU visited number, over DU evaluated number, and over DU sprayed were calculated and compared between methodologies. In addition, DU evaluated number out DU visited number was compared. ResultsThe results showed that the triatomines did not show evidence of T. cruzi infection. Costs in relation to DU visited, to those evaluated and to those sprayed, were lowered with community participation (p< 0.05). In addition, a greater number of DU evaluated in relation to those visited as well as greater surface were covered with community participation. ConclusionThe participation of the community in the infestation survey is an efficient complement of vertical control, allowing the spraying to be focused on infested houses and thus reducing costs and intervention times by PPCHLR.

scholarly journals Impact Involving the Community in Entomological Surveillance of the Triatoma Infestans Vectorial Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Abrahan ◽  
Maria José Cavallo ◽  
Ivana Amelotti
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Main Strategy

Abstract BackgroundVectorial transmission is the principal way of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the parasite that cause Chagas disease. In Argentina, Triatoma infestans is the principal vector, for this reason, vector control is the main strategy for the prevention of this illness. Provincial Program of Chagas La Rioja (PPCHLR) carries out entomological evaluation of domiciliary units (UD) and spraying those where T. infestans are found. The lack of government funds generated low visit frequency of PPCHLR, especially in areas with a low infestation that they were not prioritized. For this reason, seeking possible alternatives to complement control activities are necessary. Involving householders in entomologic evaluation would be a control alternative. The major objective was to determine the cost of entomological evaluation with and without community participation.Methods For entomological evaluation with community participation, 434 DU corresponding to nine localities of Castro Barros Department (CBD) were selected in November 2017. T. infestans infestation of DUs selected was determined involving the community in triatomines detection. Each householder was trained in the insect collection that were kept in labelled plastic bags and recovered after two weeks to analyse T. cruzi presence in laboratory. For entomological evaluation without community participation, PPCHLR data collected in February 2017 over 359 DU of CBD were used. Entomological evaluation costs with and without community participation over DU visited number, over DU evaluated number, and over DU sprayed were calculated and compared between methodologies. In addition, DU evaluated number out DU visited number was compared. The infestation in the area was 13.8%, with relative risk differences by zones. ResultsThe results showed that the triatomines did not show evidence of T. cruzi infection. Costs in relation to DU visited, to those evaluated and to those sprayed, were lowered with community participation (p< 0.05). In addition, a greater number of DU evaluated in relation to those visited as well as greater surface were covered with community participation. ConclusionThe participation of the community in the infestation survey is more efficient, allowing the spraying to be focused on infested houses and thus reducing costs and intervention times by PPCHLR.

Analisis Pembiayaan Dana Talangan Haji untuk  Biaya Perjalan Ibadah Haji

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
Asmawarna Sinaga ◽  
Anjur Perkasa Alam ◽  
Fariz Arkan ◽  
Sri Wahyuni Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Interactive Methods ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

  Analysis of the amount of financing the hajj bailout for the cost of the pilgrimage (Case Study of Bank Sumut Syariah Sub-Branch Stabat).Asmawarna Sinaga and Anjur Perkasa Alam. Hajj financing is a loan from a sharia bank to customers to cover the shortage of funds to obtain a seat (seat) Hajj at the time of repayment BPIH (Hajj Travel Expenses). This financing product uses the Qardh Wal Ijarah principle. The purpose of this research is to know the view of Islamic law against financing of Hajj bailout fund and to know the view of Islamic law about ujrah fee on akad of bailout fund of Hajj. This research is field research. The definition of the Hajj bailout is a bailout fund from a bank to a special customer to cover kekurangandana to cover the lack of funds to obtain a portion number at the time to pay the cost of organizing the pilgrimage. The research design uses a qualitative approach with non-statistical analysis While the data analysis techniques use content analysis and interactive methods consisting of data reduction, data collection, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study note that the akad bailout funds in Islamic banks contain multi-akad, where the contract used qardh and ijarah is allowed. While the view of Islamic law regarding the taking of ujrah fee on hajj bailout fund is not in accordance with sharia due to the percentage of ujrah fee based on qardh fund.

scholarly journals Computer Modeling of Barrel-Vaulted Sanctuary Exhibiting Flutter Echo with Comparison to Measurements

Acoustics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Heather Lai ◽  
Brian Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Geometrical Acoustics ◽  
Decay Times ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Cost

Computer modeling in acoustics allows for the prediction of acoustical defects and the evaluation of potential remediations. In this article, computer modeling is applied to the case of a barrel-vaulted sanctuary whose architectural design and construction led to severe flutter echoes along the main aisle, which was later mitigated through acoustical remediations. State-of-the-art geometrical acoustics and wave-based simulations are carried out to analyze the acoustics of this space, with a particular focus on the flutter echoes along the main aisle, before and after remediations. Multi-resolution wavelet and spectrogram analyses are carried out to isolate and characterize flutter echoes within measurements and computer-simulated room impulse responses. Comparisons of simulated responses to measurements are also made in terms of decay times and curves. Simulated room impulse responses from both geometrical acoustics and wave-based methods show evidence of flutter echoes matching measurements, to varying degrees. Time-frequency analyses isolating flutter echoes demonstrate better matches to measurements from wave-based simulated responses, at the cost of longer simulation times than geometrical acoustics simulations. This case study highlights the importance of computer modeling of acoustics in early design phases of architectural planning of worship spaces.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG WISATA KREATIF DESA SEKIDA KECAMATAN JAGOI BABANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Nana Novita Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The People ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

Sekida Village as a Creative Tourism Village is an embryo for the community's economic development. The Creative Tourism Village has provided a space for participation for the community through various activities. Thus, this study aims to determine forms of community participation in supporting the development of the Creative Tourism Village in Sekida Village. The research approach used is phenomenological with qualitative descriptive method. The research stages consisted of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis concluded that the largest form of community participation was manpower and expertise with a percentage of 82% and 72%, respectively. Based on their characteristics, the people who are dominant in contributing to supporting the development of the Creative Tourism Village through their participation are the older adults with an elementary education level.Keywords: Community Participation, Creative Tourism Village, Sekida Village.

Stigmatized products: how conflicting laws can influence decisions to proceed

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Stephanie Geiger-Oneto ◽  
Betsy D. Gelb ◽  
Travis Simkins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offers the authors’ perspective on a problem rarely considered by those making strategic decisions: conflicting laws at different levels of jurisdiction, specifically those related to stigmatized products. Design/methodology/approach The authors use as examples of product categories from marijuana to single-use plastic bags, describing the conflicting laws that add to costs for marketers and consumers. Findings The authors find that conflicting laws add to the uncertainty, legal expenses, and therefore, the cost of marketing a stigmatized product, whether stigmatized because of its impact on the environment, on health or on moral grounds. Research limitations/implications The examples are not exhaustive, but their implications are significant: that as state legislatures are preempting local bans, Congress may preempt state laws. Originality/value This paper adds one more complexity to decision-making in the area of products to offer and/or merger/acquisition decisions that may bring company products that face conflicting laws.

scholarly journals The occurrence of synanthropic triatomines in Bahia, Brazil: what changed after 40 years of the vector-control program?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro ◽  
Cristiane Medeiros Moraes de Carvalho ◽  
Renato Freitas de Araújo ◽  
Fernanda Cardoso Lanza ◽  
Diego Lopes Paim Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Vector Control Program

Abstract Background: This study presents a descriptive analysis of the occurrence of synanthropic triatomine species in the state of Bahia, before and after the implementation of the vector control program. Methods: Occurrence and number of collected specimens in the municipalities were analyzed in two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971, before systematic vector control actions; and (B) 2006 to 2019, after the certification of interruption of Chagas disease transmission by Triatoma infestans. Results: In total, 17 species were recorded during period A and 21 during period B. Panstrongylus megistus was the most frequent species in period A (42%), while Triatoma pseudomaculata (42%) and T. sordida (38%) were more frequent in period B. In period A, T. infestans was found in 26 (9%) municipalities, and in period B it was found in 7 (2%). During period B, most triatomines (88%) were captured at the peridomestic habitats, with a predominance of T. sordida (85%). Species with greatest relative abundance within the household were T. sordida (49%), T. brasiliensis (27%), and T. pseudomaculata (15%). Conclusions: We have observed a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. High frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and a great abundance of T. sordida in recent years, highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions for Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Efecto de la vigilancia Entomológica en la estructuración poblacional de triatoma infestans (hemiptera, reduviidae) de intra y peridomicilio en un área endémica de la Provincia de la Rioja (Argentina).

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
María Laura Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
La Rioja

Se analiza aquí, la influencia del rociado y vigilancia sobre la estructuración de las poblaciones peri e intradomésticas de T. infestans   usando morfología cuantitativa. Las colectas  en intra (ID) y peridomicilio (PD) se realizaron sobre una población libre de rociado por 10 años y en poblaciones hasta 8 años post rociado (población con vigilancia y rociado). En pre-rociado, no se observó estructuración poblacional entre ID y PDPost intervención,  se detectaron 6 adultos de T. infestans en  ID. Estos insectos mostraron  similitud morfológica con T. infestans residuales. Los resultados plantean que en presencia de vigilancia entomológica, los ID  pueden permanecer libres de T. infestans aún con PD infestados.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Transect on Development Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mustanir ◽  
Akhmad Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Dominant Activity

This research is to know the use of Transect method as participatory planning method in finding of potency, problem visually and practice to the participatory development planning in Tonrong Rijang village, Baranti sub-district, Sidenreng Rappang regency. Additionally, by understanding the goal so, it can contribute as one of the methods which can be used in participatory development planning. The method can also help researchers in increasing their understanding and knowledge toward participatory development planning. The research methods in this study were observation, interview and literature study related to the research. Then, research technique in this study was Interactive Model of Analysis. This technique in analyzing qualitative data was conducted interactively and continuously to the end. Collection data, display data and conclusion drawing/verifying were activities in analyzing the data. The result of this research showed that Transect was a new thing in the society especially in a development planning. Interaction process in society which occurred in development planning was similar with Transect. This activity was similar when doing an accompaniment to other people in a specific event. However, dominant activity only happened in a deliberation which has been commonly conducted in a tradition.

scholarly journals Analisis Motivasi Kuliah sambil Bekerja pada Mahasiswa PGSD FKIP Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Siska Oktaviani ◽  
Ahmad Syafi Adha
Keyword(s):  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

This research is done to know the motivation of what is behind the students run a lecture activity that requires science as a form of responsibility as a student and in addition also undergoes work activities that are working on a task to get wages or satisfaction. In this study, researchers used qualitative research with a case study approach, where researchers investigated carefully a program, event, activity, process, or group of individuals. The subject of this study is the students of the PGSD FKIP UWGM from the 2016 to 2019 class who are undergoing college activities while working. To obtain the necessary data in this study conducted various techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques conducted include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Research findings show that the motivation of students to run a lecture while working because students ' desire to be independent and change their life for the better, by gaining a high education but they must fight the matter by working so that their needs are the cost of living, tuition fees, and other expenses can be fulfilled without having to ask with parents. And try to balance both activities in order to run well and support each other.

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