Effects of acute exercise on spontaneous physical activity in mice at different ages

Abstract Background Exercise is often used to obtain a negative energy balance. However, its effects on body weight reduction are usually below expectations. One possible explanation is a reduction in spontaneous physical activity (SPA) after exercise since the increase in energy expenditure caused by the exercise session would be offset by the decrease in SPA and its associated energy cost. Thus, we evaluated the effects of a single bout of moderate exercise at individualized intensity on spontaneous physical activity. The impact of the single bout of exercise was determined in early adulthood and at the transition to middle age. Methods Male C57bl/6j (n = 10) mice were evaluated at 4 (4 M) and 9 (9 M) months of age. One week after a treadmill Maximal Exercise Capacity Test (MECT), mice performed a 30-min single bout of exercise at 50 % of the maximal speed reached at MECT. An infrared-based system was used to determine locomotor parameters (SPA and average speed of displacement, ASD) before (basal) and immediately after the single bout of exercise for 48 h (D1, 0-24 h; D2, 24-48 h). Food intake was measured simultaneously. Data were analyzed by GEE and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Basal SPA declined from 4 M to 9 M (p = 0.01), but maximal exercise capacity was similar. At both ages, SPA and ASD decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) on day 1 after exercise. On D2, SPA returned to basal levels but ASD remained lower than basal (p < 0.001). The magnitude (% of basal) of change in SPA and ASD on D1 and D2 was similar at 4 M and 9 M. Food intake did not change at 4 M but decreased on D2 at 9 M. Conclusions A single bout of moderate exercise decreases physical activity in the first 24 h and average speed of locomotion in the 48 h following exercise. This compensation is similar from early adulthood to the transition to middle age. The decrease in both the amount and intensity (speed) of SPA may compensate for the increase in energy expenditure induced by exercise, helping to understand the below-than-expected effect of exercise interventions to cause a negative energy balance.

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Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e001038

Author(s):

Diarmuid Coughlan ◽

Pedro F Saint-Maurice ◽

Susan A Carlson ◽

Janet Fulton ◽

Charles E Matthews

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthcare Costs ◽

Middle Age ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Later Life ◽

Health Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Medicare Costs

BackgroundThere is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, we examined associations between nine trajectories of physical activity participation throughout adulthood with Medicare costs.ResultsCompared with adults who were consistently inactive from adolescence into middle age, average annual healthcare costs were significantly lower for maintainers, adults who maintained moderate (–US$1350 (95% CI: –US$2009 to –US$690) or −15.9% (95% CI: −23.6% to −8.1%)) or high physical activity levels (–US$1200 (95% CI: –US$1777 to –US$622) or −14.1% (95% CI: −20.9% to −7.3%)) and increasers, adults who increased physical activity levels in early adulthood (–US$1874 (95% CI: US$2691 to –US$1057) or −22.0% (95% CI: −31.6% to −12.4%)) or in middle age (–US$824 (95% CI: –US$1580 to –US$69 or −9.7% (95% CI −18.6% to −0.8%)). For the four trajectories where physical activity decreased, the only significant difference was for adults who increased physical activity levels during early adulthood with a decline in middle age (–US$861 (95% CI:–US$1678 to –US$45) or −10.1% (95% CI: −19.7% to −0.5%)).ConclusionOur analyses suggest the healthcare cost burden in later life could be reduced through promotion efforts supporting physical activity participation throughout adulthood.

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Abstract P263: Racial Differences in the Association Between Physical Activity Levels During Early Adulthood and Visceral Adiposity at Middle Age: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap263 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Christina M Shay ◽

Laura A Colangelo ◽

Mercedes R Carnethon ◽

Kiarri N Kershaw ◽

Cora E Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Black Women ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Middle Age ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

White Men ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Men And Women

Background: Excess visceral adiposity tissue (VAT) is associated with elevated free fatty acids that contribute to dyslipidemia, beta cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with lower VAT cross-sectionally, but whether PA during young adulthood is associated with VAT at middle age independent of general obesity is unclear. Objective: To quantify by sex and race the associations between PA levels in young adulthood with visceral adiposity measured 25 years later. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. Habitual PA was determined as the average of baseline and year 7 levels (18–37 yrs) of the CARDIA Physical Activity Score. VAT (cm3) was assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43–55 yrs, n=1822). Results: Early adulthood PA levels were 15.2% lower in blacks compared to whites (p<0.001) and 30.0% lower in women compared to men (p<0.001); the lowest PA levels were observed in black women. Compared with the highest levels of PA, participants with moderate or lower PA during young adulthood exhibited higher VAT at middle age in linear regression models adjusted for covariates including year 25 BMI (Table 1). When stratified by race and sex, white men and women with higher PA levels exhibited lower VAT at middle age compared to white adults with moderate or lower PA; an association not observed in black men or women. Conclusions: White men and women engaging in higher PA levels at earlier ages may demonstrate lower visceral adiposity later in life, yet these findings suggest that PA may not be a solely effective approach at reducing/preventing cardiometabolic risk from excess visceral adiposity in black adults. Racial variations in the influence of young adulthood PA on visceral adiposity at middle age may reflect differential influences of PA, PA intensity, or other unmeasured risk factors (e.g., psychosocial stress) on adiposity distribution.

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Effects of exercise prescription on daily physical activity and maximal exercise capacity in coronary artery disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging ◽

10.1111/j.1475-097x.2012.01148.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 445-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jaana J. Karjalainen ◽

Antti M. Kiviniemi ◽

Arto J. Hautala ◽

Jarkko Niva ◽

Samuli Lepojärvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Maximal Exercise Capacity

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Physical Activity: An Important Adaptative Mechanism for Body-Weight Control

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.5402/2012/675285 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carmine Finelli ◽

Saverio Gioia ◽

Nicolina La Sala

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Weight Control ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight Control

We review the current concepts about energy expenditure and evaluate the physical activity (PhA) in the context of this knowledge and the available literature. Regular PhA is correlated with low body weight and low body fat mass. The negative fat balance is probably secondary to this negative energy balance. Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and physical activity, that is crucial for weight control, may be important in the physiology of weight change. An intriguing doubt that remains unresolved is whether changes in nutrient intake or body composition secondarily affect the spontaneous physical activity.

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The role of physical activity in early adulthood and middle-age on bone health after menopause in epidemiological population from Silesia Osteo Active Study

International Journal of Clinical Practice ◽

10.1111/ijcp.12874 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 835-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elżbieta Tabor ◽

Piotr Zagórski ◽

Katarzyna Martela ◽

Wojciech Glinkowski ◽

Roman Kuźniewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Health ◽

Middle Age ◽

Early Adulthood

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Even modest rates of physical activity can improve the functioning of middle-age adults with arthritis

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e556122006-018 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Middle Age

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P391 Changes in QRS duration during exercise are associated with maximal exercise capacity and peak oxygen consumption in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0195-668x(03)93829-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

W BUDTS

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Repaired Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽

Qrs Duration ◽

Maximal Exercise Capacity

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A Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and Treadmill Training Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation Capacity but Did Not Enhance Maximal Exercise Capacity in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Sihui Ma ◽

Jiao Yang ◽

Takaki Tominaga ◽

Chunhong Liu ◽

Katsuhiko Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Capacity ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Maximal Exercise Capacity

The low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) is a dietary approach characterized by the intake of high amounts of fat, a balanced amount of protein, and low carbohydrates, which is insufficient for metabolic demands. Previous studies have shown that an LCKD alone may contribute to fatty acid oxidation capacity, along with endurance. In the present study, we combined a 10-week LCKD with an 8-week forced treadmill running program to determine whether training in conjunction with LCKD enhanced fatty acid oxidation capacity, as well as whether the maximal exercise capacity would be affected by an LCKD or training in a mice model. We found that the lipid pool and fatty acid oxidation capacity were both enhanced following the 10-week LCKD. Further, key fatty acid oxidation related genes were upregulated. In contrast, the 8-week training regimen had no effect on fatty acid and ketone body oxidation. Key genes involved in carbohydrate utilization were downregulated in the LCKD groups. However, the improved fatty acid oxidation capacity did not translate into an enhanced maximal exercise capacity. In summary, while favoring the fatty acid oxidation system, an LCKD, alone or combined with training, had no beneficial effects in our intensive exercise-evaluation model. Therefore, an LCKD may be promising to improve endurance in low- to moderate-intensity exercise, and may not be an optimal choice for those partaking in high-intensity exercise.

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