Steroid 21-hydroxylase gene variants and late-life depression

Abstract Objectives A feature of late-life depression is alterations of the stress hormone system. The CYP21A2 gene encodes for the steroid 21-hydroxylase enzyme which is required for the biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, two main components of the stress response in humans. Variants in the CYP21A2 gene could influence risk of late-life depression, but this has not been examined. This study investigated possible associations between five variants in the CYP21A2 gene and late-life depression in 1007 older community-dwelling men and women. Results In multivariate logistic regression model, significant associations were found between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs389883, rs437179, and rs630379) and depression in women specifically (OR ranging from 1.51 to 1.68, p-values 0.025 to 0.0045), and the two latter remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Variants of the CYP21A2 gene appear as susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner, independently of somatic and neuropsychiatric comorbidity.

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Health and social care service utilisation and associated expenditure among community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020001122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Author(s):

Shiyu Lu ◽

Tianyin Liu ◽

Gloria H. Y. Wong ◽

Dara K. Y. Leung ◽

Lesley C. Y. Sze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Social Care ◽

Late Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Service Utilisation ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Social Care Service ◽

Health And Social Care

Abstract Aims Late-life depression has substantial impacts on individuals, families and society. Knowledge gaps remain in estimating the economic impacts associated with late-life depression by symptom severity, which has implications for resource prioritisation and research design (such as in modelling). This study examined the incremental health and social care expenditure of depressive symptoms by severity. Methods We analysed data collected from 2707 older adults aged 60 years and over in Hong Kong. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Client Service Receipt Inventory were used, respectively, to measure depressive symptoms and service utilisation as a basis for calculating care expenditure. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental expenditure associated with symptom severity over 1 year. Results The average PHQ-9 score was 6.3 (standard deviation, s.d. = 4.0). The percentages of respondents with mild, moderate and moderately severe symptoms and non-depressed were 51.8%, 13.5%, 3.7% and 31.0%, respectively. Overall, the moderately severe group generated the largest average incremental expenditure (US$5886; 95% CI 1126–10 647 or a 272% increase), followed by the mild group (US$3849; 95% CI 2520–5177 or a 176% increase) and the moderate group (US$1843; 95% CI 854–2831, or 85% increase). Non-psychiatric healthcare was the main cost component in a mild symptom group, after controlling for other chronic conditions and covariates. The average incremental association between PHQ-9 score and overall care expenditure peaked at PHQ-9 score of 4 (US$691; 95% CI 444–939), then gradually fell to negative between scores of 12 (US$ - 35; 95% CI - 530 to 460) and 19 (US$ -171; 95% CI - 417 to 76) and soared to positive and rebounded at the score of 23 (US$601; 95% CI -1652 to 2854). Conclusions The association between depressive symptoms and care expenditure is stronger among older adults with mild and moderately severe symptoms. Older adults with the same symptom severity have different care utilisation and expenditure patterns. Non-psychiatric healthcare is the major cost element. These findings inform ways to optimise policy efforts to improve the financial sustainability of health and long-term care systems, including the involvement of primary care physicians and other geriatric healthcare providers in preventing and treating depression among older adults and related budgeting and accounting issues across services.

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Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2018.0642 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 20180642 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eiluned Pearce ◽

Rafael Wlodarski ◽

Anna Machin ◽

Robin I. M. Dunbar

Keyword(s):

Relationship Quality ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Digit Ratios ◽

The Relationship ◽

Romantic Relationship Quality

The ratio between the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) has been widely used as a proxy for fetal exposure to androgens and has been linked to a number of sociosexual traits in humans. However, the role of genes in this equation remains unknown. Here ( N = 474), we test, firstly, for associations between 2D:4D and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine neurochemical receptor genes ( AR, OXTR, AVPR1A, OPRM1, DRD1/2, ANKK1, 5HTR1A/2A ), and secondly, whether digit ratios mediate the relationship between genetic variation and sociosexuality. We demonstrate significant associations between AR , OPRM1 and AVPR1A and 2D:4D. Moreover, mediation analysis indicates that, in women, AR and OPRM1 variation drives digit ratios, which are related positively to impulsivity and, for OPRM1 , negatively to romantic relationship quality. Although these findings are subject to multiple testing issues, this study provides preliminary evidence that in women genetic factors may affect both impulsivity and perceived relationship quality through influencing factors indexed by digit ratios.

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Associations of Two Obesity-Related Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Adiponectin in Chinese Children

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2017/6437542 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lijun Wu ◽

Liwang Gao ◽

Xiaoyuan Zhao ◽

Meixian Zhang ◽

Jianxin Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Association Studies ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Additive Model ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide

Purpose. Genome-wide association studies have found two obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs17782313 near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and rs6265 near the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, but the associations of both SNPs with other obesity-related traits are not fully described, especially in children. The aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between the SNPs and adiponectin that has a regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods. We examined the associations of the SNPs with adiponectin in Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study. A total of 3503 children participated in the study. Results. The SNP rs6265 was significantly associated with adiponectin under an additive model (P=0.02 and 0.024, resp.) after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI or obesity statuses. The SNP rs17782313 was significantly associated with low adiponectin under a recessive model. No statistical significance was found between the two SNPs and low adiponectin after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion. We demonstrate for the first time that the SNP rs17782313 near MC4R and the SNP rs6265 near BDNF are associated with adiponectin in Chinese children. These novel findings provide important evidence that adiponectin possibly mediates MC4R and BDNF involved in obesity.

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BROODING MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR BURDEN AND VASCULAR DEPRESSION

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3216 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S877-S878

Author(s):

Manuel Herrera Legon ◽

Daniel Paulson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Late Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Vascular Depression ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden confers risk for late-life depression. Though neuroanatomical correlates of vascular depression (prefrontal white matter hyperintensities) are well established, little is known about cognitive correlates; the identification of which may suggest therapeutic targets. Aims of this study are to examine the hypothesis that the relationship between cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptoms is moderated by brooding, a type of rumination. Method: A sample of 52 community-dwelling, stroke-free, individuals over the age of 70, without history of severe mental illness or dementia completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, and provided self-report (cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol) CVB data. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Results: Results of a bootstrapped model were that self-reported measures of CVB predicted depressive symptomatology. This relationship was significantly moderated by brooding. Among older adults, those who self-reported high CVB and medium to elevated levels of rumination experienced disproportionately more depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that brooding rumination may be one correlate of the vascular depression syndrome. Future research should examine neuroanatomical correlates of rumination among older adults, and further explore brooding as a therapeutic target for those with late-life depression.

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COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF THE COLLABORATIVE STEPPED CARE INTERVENTION FOR LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S876-S877

Author(s):

Shiyu Lu ◽

Gloria H Y Wong ◽

Terry Lum ◽

Tianyin Liu

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Late Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Stepped Care ◽

Care Group ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Care Intervention ◽

The Cost

Abstract Late-life depression is a burden on society because it is costly and have a significant adverse effect on the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the collaborative stepped care intervention for depression among community-dwelling older adults compared to care as usual from a societal perspective. The intervention was piloted from 2016-2019 in Hong Kong. The study used a two-armed quasi-experimental design. Eventually, 412 older people were included (314 collaborative stepped care, 98 care as usual). Baseline measures and 12-month follow-up measures were assessed using questionnaires. We applied the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) and the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) respectively measuring quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and health care utilization. The average annual direct medical cost in the intervention group was USD 6,589 (95% C.I., 4,979 to 8,199) compared to US$ 6,167 (95% C.I., 3,702 to 8,631) in the care as usual group. The average QALYs gained was 0.036 higher in the collaborative stepped care group, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$ 11,722 per QALY, lower than the cost-effectiveness threshold suggested by The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The study showed that collaborative stepped care was a cost-effective intervention for late-life depression over service as usual.

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Genetic variants in humanin nuclear isoform gene regions show no association with coronary artery disease

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4807-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mall Eltermaa ◽

Maili Jakobson ◽

Meeme Utt ◽

Sulev Kõks ◽

Reedik Mägi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

P Value ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Preventive Methods

Abstract Objective Coronary artery disease contributes to noncommunicable disease deaths worldwide. In order to make preventive methods more accurate, we need to know more about the development and progress of this pathology, including the genetic aspects. Humanin is a small peptide known for its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Our study looked for genomic associations between humanin-like nuclear isoform genes and coronary artery disease using CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium data. Results Lookup from meta-analysis datasets gave single nucleotide polymorphisms in all 13 humanin-like nuclear isoform genes with the lowest P value for rs6151662 from the MTRNR2L2 gene including the 50 kb flanking region in both directions (P-value = 0.0037). Within the gene region alone the top variant was rs78083998 from the MTRNR2L13 region (meta-analysis P-value = 0.042). None of the found associations were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Lookup for expression trait loci in these gene regions gave no statistically significant variants.

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Genetic Association Analysis of Paratuberculosis Forms in Holstein-Friesian Cattle

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2014/321327 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Patricia Vázquez ◽

Otsanda Ruiz-Larrañaga ◽

Joseba M. Garrido ◽

Mikel Iriondo ◽

Carmen Manzano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Testing ◽

Additive Model ◽

Nuclear Body ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Body Protein ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Solute Carrier ◽

Friesian Cattle ◽

Oligomerization Domain

A genetic susceptibility toMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP) infections in ruminants has been longtime suspected to exist. Recently, natural infections in cattle have been reclassified intolatentandpatentforms based on histopathological findings and their associations with immunological and microbiological variables. This study aims to explore whether these newly defined phenotypes are associated with twenty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six bovine candidate genes:nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), solute carrier family 11 member A1 (SLC11A1), nuclear body protein SP110 (SP110), toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2and4, andCD209(also known asDC-SIGN, dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin). SNPs were genotyped for 772 Holstein-Friesian animals (52.6%apparently free; 38.1%latent; 9.3%patent) by TaqMan OpenArray technology. Genotypic-phenotypic associations were assessed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age at slaughter, under five models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive), and corrected for multiple testing. The rs208222804 C allele (CD209gene) was found to be associated withlatentparatuberculosis (log-additive model:P<0.0034after permutation procedure; OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48–0.86). No significant association was detected between any SNP and thepatentphenotype. Consequently,CD209gene may play a key role in the pathogenesis of bovine paratuberculosis.

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Depression in elderly people living in rural Nigeria and its association with perceived health, poverty, and social network

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215001088 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 2009-2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Olusegun Baiyewu ◽

Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf ◽

Adefolakemi Ogundele

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Mental State ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Late Life ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Icd 10

ABSTRACTBackground:The relationship between late-life depression, poverty, social network, and perceived health is little studied in Africa; the magnitude of the problem remains largely unknown and there is an urgent need to research into this area.Methods:We interviewed community dwelling elderly persons of two rural areas in Nigeria using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30). Those who scored 11 and above on the GDS-30 were further interviewed using Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMSS). Diagnosis of depression was based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) and GMSS-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMMS-AGECAT).Results:A total of 458 community dwelling elderly persons participated in the study of which 57% were females. Mean age of the participants was 73.65(±7.8) years (95% CI 72.93–74.37). The mean GDS-30 and MMSE scores were 4.15(±4.80) and 21.73(±4.67), respectively. A total of 59 and 58 participants had depression based on ICD-10 criteria and GMSS-AGECAT, respectively. Agreement between ICD-10 and AGECAT diagnoses was κ = 0.931. By multiple logistic regression analysis, late-life depression was significantly associated with financial difficulties (Odds ratio 4.52 and bereavement Odds ratio 2.70).Conclusion:Late-life depression in this cohort is associated with health and socio-economic factors that are worth paying attention to, in a region of economic deprivation and inadequate healthcare.

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Advancing the screening of fibromyalgia in late-life depression: practical implications for psychiatric settings

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215000666 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 1513-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John R. Jochum ◽

Amy E. Begley ◽

Mary Amanda Dew ◽

Debra K. Weiner ◽

Jordan F. Karp

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Chronic Low Back Pain ◽

Late Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Low Back ◽

Late Life Depression

ABSTRACTBackground:Fibromyalgia (FM) is common in older adults suffering from mood disorders. However, clinical diagnosis of FM is challenging, particularly in psychiatric settings. We examined the prevalence of FM and the sensitivity of three simple screeners for FM.Methods:Using cross-sectional data, we evaluated three tests against the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 Criteria for the Classification of FM: a “Do you often feel like you hurt all over?” question, a pain map score, and the Pope and Hudson (PH) interview for FM. Participants were 185 community-dwelling adults ≥ 60 years old with comorbid depression and chronic low back pain evaluated at a late-life mental health clinic.Results:Fifty three of 185 participants (29%) met the ACR 1990 FM criteria. Compared to those without FM, the FM group had more “yes” answers to the “hurt all over?” question and higher pain map scores. To reach a sensitivity of at least 0.90, the cut-off score for the pain map was 8. The sensitivity of the pain map, “hurt all over?” question, and PH criteria were 0.92 [95%CI 0.82–0.98], 0.91 [95%CI 0.79–0.97], and 0.94 [95%CI 0.843–0.99] respectively.Conclusions:Nearly one in three older adults suffering from depression and chronic low back pain met ACR 1990 FM criteria. Three short screening tests showed high sensitivity when compared to the ACR 1990 FM criteria. Implementation of one of the simple screeners for FM in geriatric psychiatry settings may guide the need for further diagnostic evaluation.

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Ethnic-Specific Genetic Association of Variants in the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 Gene with Nicotine Dependence

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/263864 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Xiujun Tang ◽

Shumin Zhan ◽

Liping Yang ◽

Wenyan Cui ◽

Jennie Z. Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Analysis ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Smoking Quantity ◽

Smoking Addiction ◽

Smoking Index

Twin and family studies indicate that smoking addiction is highly influenced by genetic factors. Variants in the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene have been associated with alcoholism and depression. In this study, we tested five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inCRHR1for their association with ND, which was assessed by smoking quantity (SQ), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), and the Fagerström test for ND (FTND) in 2,037 subjects from 602 families of either European American (EA) or African American (AA) ancestry. Association analysis of the five SNPs revealed a significant association of rs171440 with SQ in the AA sample and with SQ and FTND in the pooled AA and EA samples. Haplotype-based association analysis indicated significant association of haplotypes C-C (56.9%) and T-C (38.9%), formed by SNPs rs171440 and rs1396862, with SQ in the AA sample, C-C-G (47.6%) with SQ, and T-C-G (42.3%), formed by SNPs rs171440, rs1396862, and rs878886, with SQ and FTND in the pooled AA and EA samples. However, none of these associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Together, our results provide suggestive evidence for the involvement ofCRHR1in ND, which warrants further investigation using larger independent samples.

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