scholarly journals Variation on a theme: pigmentation variants and mutants of anemonefish

EvoDevo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Klann ◽  
Manon Mercader ◽  
Lilian Carlu ◽  
Kina Hayashi ◽  
James Davis Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Available Information

AbstractPigmentation patterning systems are of great interest to understand how changes in developmental mechanisms can lead to a wide variety of patterns. These patterns are often conspicuous, but their origins remain elusive for many marine fish species. Dismantling a biological system allows a better understanding of the required components and the deciphering of how such complex systems are established and function. Valuable information can be obtained from detailed analyses and comparisons of pigmentation patterns of mutants and/or variants from normal patterns. Anemonefishes have been popular marine fish in aquaculture for many years, which has led to the isolation of several mutant lines, and in particular color alterations, that have become very popular in the pet trade. Additionally, scattered information about naturally occurring aberrant anemonefish is available on various websites and image platforms. In this review, the available information on anemonefish color pattern alterations has been gathered and compiled in order to characterize and compare different mutations. With the global picture of anemonefish mutants and variants emerging from this, such as presence or absence of certain phenotypes, information on the patterning system itself can be gained.

scholarly journals Marine Fish Primary Hepatocyte Isolation and Culture: New Insights to Enzymatic Dissociation Pancreatin Digestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Neusa Figueiredo ◽  
Beatriz Matos ◽  
Mário Diniz ◽  
Vasco Branco ◽  
Marta Martins
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
And Function

Primary cell cultures from wild organisms have been gaining relevance in ecotoxicology as they are considered more sensitive than immortalized cell lines and retain the biochemical pathways found in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of two methods for primary hepatocyte cell isolation was compared using liver from two marine fish (Sparus aurata and Psetta maxima): (i) two-step collagenase perfusion and (ii) pancreatin digestion with modifications. Cell cultures were incubated in L-15 medium at 17 ± 1 °C and monitored for up to six days for cell viability and function using the trypan blue exclusion test, MTT test, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity after Benzo[a]Pyrene exposure. The results showed significant differences between the number of viable cells (p < 0.05), the highest number being obtained for the pancreatin digestion method (average = 4.5 ± 1.9 × 107 cells). Moreover, the hepatocytes showed solid adherence to the culture plate and the rounded shape, changing into a triangular/polygonal shape. The cell viability and function obtained by pancreatin digestion were maintained for five days, and the EROD induction after exposure to the B[a]P showed that cells were metabolically active. This study shows that the optimized pancreatin digestion method is a valid, cost-effective, and simple alternative to the standard perfusion method for the isolation of primary hepatocytes from fish and is suitable for ecotoxicological studies involving marine pollutants, such as PAHs.

scholarly journals Population richness of marine fish species

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sinclair ◽  
T. Derrick Iles
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Marine Fish Species

Consequences of two naturally occurring missense mutations in the structure and function of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase

IUBMB Life ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Gabriela López-Herrera ◽  
José L. Maravillas-Montero ◽  
Felipe Vences-Catalán ◽  
Dolores Mogica-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
And Function

A naturally occurring Tyr143HisαIIb mutation abolishes αIIbβ3 function for soluble ligands but retains its ability for mediating cell adhesion and clot retraction: comparison with other mutations causing ligand-binding defects

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 3485-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Kiyoi ◽  
Yoshiaki Tomiyama ◽  
Shigenori Honda ◽  
Seiji Tadokoro ◽  
Morio Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Binding Function ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Ligand Binding Sites ◽  
Functional Defect ◽  
And Function

The molecular basis for the interaction between a prototypic non–I-domain integrin, αIIbβ3, and its ligands remains to be determined. In this study, we have characterized a novel missense mutation (Tyr143His) in αIIb associated with a variant of Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Osaka-12 platelets expressed a substantial amount of αIIbβ3(36%-41% of control) but failed to bind soluble ligands, including a high-affinity αIIbβ3-specific peptidomimetic antagonist. Sequence analysis revealed that Osaka-12 is a compound heterozygote for a single 521T>C substitution leading to a Tyr143His substitution in αIIb and for the null expression of αIIb mRNA from the maternal allele. Given that Tyr143 is located in the W3 4-1 loop of the β-propeller domain of αIIb, we examined the effects of Tyr143His or Tyr143Ala substitution on the expression and function of αIIbβ3 and compared them with KO (Arg-Thr insertion between 160 and 161 residues of αIIb) and with the Asp163Ala mutation located in the same loop by using 293 cells. Each of them abolished the binding function of αIIbβ3 for soluble ligands without disturbing αIIbβ3 expression. Because immobilized fibrinogen and fibrin are higher affinity/avidity ligands for αIIbβ3, we performed cell adhesion and clot retraction assays. In sharp contrast to KO mutation and Asp163AlaαIIbβ3, Tyr143HisαIIbβ3-expressing cells still had some ability for cell adhesion and clot retraction. Thus, the functional defect induced by Tyr143HisαIIb is likely caused by its allosteric effect rather than by a defect in the ligand-binding site itself. These detailed structure–function analyses provide better understanding of the ligand-binding sites in integrins.

Classification accuracy of algorithms for blood chemistry data for three aquaculture-affected marine fish species

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Coz-Rakovac ◽  
N. Topic Popovic ◽  
T. Smuc ◽  
I. Strunjak-Perovic ◽  
M. Jadan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Chemistry Data

scholarly journals Specificity and promiscuity of gonadotropin receptors

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Costagliola ◽  
Eneko Urizar ◽  
Fernando Mendive ◽  
Gilbert Vassart
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Fsh Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Available Information

The dichotomy between hormone recognition by the ectodomain and activation of the G protein by the rhodopsin-like serpentine portion is a well established property of glycoprotein hormone receptors. The specificity barrier avoiding promiscuous activation of the FSH receptor by the high concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prevailing during human pregnancy was thus believed to lie in the ectodomain. In the past two years, mutations responsible for rare spontaneous cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes have partially modified this simple view. Five naturally occurring mutations have been identified which cause an increase in the sensitivity of the FSH receptor to hCG. Surprisingly, these mutations are all located in the serpentine portion of the receptor. In addition to their effect on sensitivity to hCG, they increase sensitivity of the FSH receptor to TSH, and are responsible for activating the receptor constitutively. Together, the available information indicates that the ectodomain and the serpentine domain of the FSH receptor each contribute to the specificity barrier preventing its spurious activation by hCG. While the former is responsible for establishment of binding specificity, the latter introduces a novel notion of functional specificity.Recent data demonstrate that LH and FSH receptors can constitute functional homo- and heterodimers. This suggests the possibility that in cells co-expressing the two receptors, such as granulosa cells, the heterodimers might be endowed with functional characteristics different from those of each homodimer.

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