scholarly journals HRCT imaging of acquired cholesteatoma: a pictorial review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Gulati ◽  
Swati Gupta ◽  
Anjali Prakash ◽  
Anju Garg ◽  
Rashmi Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Sinus Tympani ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Acquired Cholesteatoma ◽  
Intracranial Complications ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Hrct Temporal Bone

Abstract Chronically discharging ear is a common cause of morbidity in developing countries, and it is also associated with intratemporal and intracranial complications. The surgeon is often able to detect the disease. However, cholesteatoma in the “hidden areas” like anterior epitympanic recess and sinus tympani can be missed. Facial nerve involvement and cholesteatomatous erosion of the bony labyrinth are dreaded complications, the extent of which cannot be assessed completely on clinical examination. Adding to the complexity are the various variations in anatomy like high riding jugular bulb and aberrant internal carotid artery which could lead to catastrophic complications during surgery if left undetected preoperatively. HRCT temporal bone is useful to detect the extent of the disease, various complications, and guide the surgeon for pre-operative planning. In this review, we go through the various HRCT imaging features of acquired cholesteatoma, a reporting template, and a few words about imaging of the post-operative ear.

scholarly journals Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavian Tabotta ◽  
Gilbert R. Ferretti ◽  
Helmut Prosch ◽  
Samia Boussouar ◽  
Anne-Laure Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mediastinal Diseases ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Contiguous Spread

Abstract Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT. A delayed recognition is not uncommonly observed. Some findings may prompt the radiologist to look for specific associated injuries or lesions. This pictorial review will successively describe the various non-neoplastic causes of diffuse mediastinal diseases with their typical findings and major differentials. First, pneumomediastinum that can be provoked by extra- or intra-thoracic triggers requires the knowledge of patient’s history or recent occurrences. Absence of any usual etiological factor should raise suspicion of cocaine inhalation in young individuals. Next, acute mediastinitis may be related to post-operative complications, esophageal perforation, or contiguous spread of odontogenic or retropharyngeal infections. The former diagnosis is not an easy task in the early stage, owing to the similarities of imaging findings with those of normal post-operative appearance during the first 2–3 weeks. Finally, fibrosing mediastinitis that is linked to an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum with variable compromise of mediastinal structures, in particular vascular and airway ones. Differential diagnosis includes tumoral and inflammatory infiltrations of the mediastinum.

scholarly journals Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma: Pictorial Review of Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Pathologic Correlation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Alexander ◽  
Kyle Hunter ◽  
Michael Rubin ◽  
Ambarish P. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ewing’S Sarcoma ◽  
Ewing's Sarcoma ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Extraosseous Ewing’S Sarcoma

AbstractExtraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma (EES), first described in 1969, is a malignant mesenchymal tumor just like its intraosseous counterpart. Although Ewing’s sarcomas are common bone tumors in young children, EESs are rarer and more commonly found in older children/adults, often carrying a poorer prognosis. We discuss the multimodality imaging features of EES and the differential diagnosis of an aggressive appearing mass in proximity to skeletal structures, with pathologic correlates. This review highlights the need to recognize the variability of radiologic findings in EES such as the presence of hemorrhage, rich vascularity, and cystic or necrotic regions and its imaging similarity to other neoplasms that are closely related pathologically.

scholarly journals Imaging features of male breast cancer: a pictorial review

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Lloyd ◽  
PL Scott-Mackie ◽  
RD Leach ◽  
CS Ward
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pictorial Review

scholarly journals Ultrasound imaging of acute scrotum: Pictorial review with etiological correlation

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Anitha Mandava ◽  
Veeraiah Koppula ◽  
Rohit Yalamanchili ◽  
Dilip Yadav ◽  
Juluri Rakesh
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
First Line ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Line Imaging ◽  
Urological Emergencies

High resolution ultrasound with color Doppler is the first-line imaging investigation in the evaluation of acute scrotum. It plays a crucial role in distinguishing urological emergencies necessitating immediate surgical exploration from those that can be managed conservatively. Acute scrotal pathologies can involve the scrotal sac or its contents like testis, epididymis and testicular appendages and could range from benign, self-limiting conditions to emergencies. In this pictorial essay, we briefly review the ultrasonographic technique, scrotal anatomy and characteristic imaging features of various pathologies presented as acute scrotum.

Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System: A Pictorial Review

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
B. Rao ◽  
I. Ikuta ◽  
A. Mahajan ◽  
A.A. Karam ◽  
V.M. Zohrabian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Data System ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary gliomas constitute almost all malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme, carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging is critical not only in the identification of CNS tumor but also in treatment-planning and assessing the response to therapy. Structured reporting continues to gain traction in radiology by reducing report ambiguity and improving consistency, while keeping referring clinicians and patients informed. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a relatively new paradigm that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting. BT-RADS incorporates MR imaging features, clinical assessment, and timing of therapy to assign each study a score or category, which is, in turn, linked to a management suggestion. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to familiarize radiologists and nonradiology neurologic specialists alike with BT-RADS, highlighting both advantages and limitations, in the hope that adoption of this system might ultimately facilitate more effective communication and improve consistency among reports.Learning Objective: To describe the features and underscore the advantages and disadvantages of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS), a relatively new classification system that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting

Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Tharunniya Vamadevan ◽  
David Howlett ◽  
Maria Filyridou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Pictorial Review

Most imaging findings relating to toxic and acquired metabolic disorders follow a certain pattern with affinity to a specific topographic area, which can help narrow the differential diagnosis. This is especially useful when the clinical presentation can be variable and there is diagnostic uncertainty. Usually, there is bilateral symmetrical abnormality within the deep grey matter structures and the cerebral cortex because of the high metabolic activity and raised oxygen requirements in these areas. Magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, is very important in differentiating between various aetiologies in this group. Magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in demonstrating both acute and chronic damage, in evaluating treatment response and in disease prognostication. This pictorial review discusses the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of a spectrum of toxic and metabolic disorders observed in a district general hospital with reference to clinical presentation and imaging features that may allow diagnosis. This includes carbon monoxide poisoning, hypoglycaemia, non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, osmotic demyelination syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, the syndrome of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy and cocaine toxicity.

A PSA for Radiologists: Pictorial Review of Incidentalomas on Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanzo A. Ho ◽  
S. Sejal Khara ◽  
David J. Ferguson ◽  
Mohammed F. Mohammed ◽  
Silvia D. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Prostate Mri ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Clinically Significant

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a powerful and increasingly utilized imaging study for the diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of prostate cancer. With greater adoption by clinicians, it is becoming more common for incidental findings to be first detected on prostate MRI. Inadequate description of clinically significant findings may not prompt appropriate patient management, while over-reporting of indolent findings comes at increased patient anxiety, cost of workup, and iatrogenic risk. This review article aims to improve awareness, review pathophysiology, and present key imaging features of incidental findings seen on prostate MRI, ranging from common to rare and from benign to clinically significant.

scholarly journals Imaging anatomy of the retrotympanum: variants and their surgical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1105) ◽  
pp. 20190677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Burd ◽  
Irumee Pai ◽  
Stephen Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Ct Technology ◽  
Temporal Bone Imaging

The retrotympanic anatomy is complex and variable but has received little attention in the radiological literature. With advances in CT technology and the application of cone beam CT to temporal bone imaging, there is now a detailed depiction of the retrotympanic bony structures. With the increasing use of endoscopes in middle ear surgery, it is important for the radiologist to appreciate the nomenclature of the retrotympanic compartments in order to aid communication with the surgeon. For instance, in the context of cholesteatoma, clear imaging descriptions of retrotympanic variability and pathological involvement are valuable in pre-operative planning. The endoscopic anatomy has recently been described and the variants classified. The retrotympanum is divided into medial and lateral compartments with multiple described potential sinuses separated by bony crests. This pictorial review will describe the complex anatomy and variants of the retrotympanum. We will describe optimum reformatting techniques to demonstrate the structures of the retrotympanum and illustrate the associated anatomical landmarks and variants with CT. The implications of anatomical variants with regards to otologic surgery will be discussed.

Differential Diagnosis of Colonic Strictures: Pictorial Review with Illustrations from Computed Tomography Colonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wan ◽  
Silvio G. Bruni ◽  
John A. Dufton ◽  
Paul O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Ct Features

Strictures of the colon can lead to significant morbidity requiring surgical management. The etiology of strictures is broad and generally categorized as benign, malignant, or pseudostrictures. Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial imaging modality in the assessment and characterization of colonic pathologies but colonoscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard. However, in the setting of incomplete colonoscopy due to strictures, the imaging features of CT will be relied on. This review will focus on the CT features of different colon pathologies leading to strictures and will be illustrated with images from 10 years of experience with CT colonography at our institutions from 2002-2012 (Hotel Dieu Hospital, Queen's University and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto).

Imaging features of breast trauma: a pictorial review

The Breast ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Williams ◽  
R.K. Hejmadi ◽  
D.W. England ◽  
S.A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pictorial Review
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