scholarly journals Designing a sustainable biofuel supply chain by considering carbon policies: a case study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeme Zarrinpoor ◽  
Aida Khani
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background Carbon emissions and global warming have increased as a result of population growth and greater usage of fossil fuels. Finding a long-term replacement for fossil fuels, such as biofuels, has become a major problem for energy supply management in recent years. Sustainability must be addressed as a key problem in building biofuel supply chains (BSCs), given the pressing need for societies to limit environmental consequences and promote social responsibility of company activities. Various modeling frameworks have been established so far to design a BSC. At the same time, no research exists that examines both the sustainable development paradigm and the influence of various carbon regulatory policies on the strategic and operational decisions made by BSCs. Methods This study develops a multi-objective, multi-period, multi-echelon BSC from switch grass regarding the economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability. Four carbon policies are taken into account when assessing the environmental aspect: the carbon cap, the carbon tax, the carbon trade, and the carbon offset. To solve the multi-objective model, the fuzzy interactive programming method is used, and the fuzzy best–worst method is used to weight the social objective components. Results An actual case study in Iran is studied to demonstrate the model’s applicability. Under various carbon policies, different network configurations are obtained based on the location of switch grass resources and installed facilities. Biofuel production and transportation activities account for approximately 28% and 51% of total carbon emissions, respectively, according to numerical results. Furthermore, these activities account for roughly 62% of overall expenses. In the suggested case study, implementing the carbon trade policy reduces carbon emissions by more than 30% while increasing total profit by about 27%. In comparison to other policies, the carbon trade policy has a substantial impact on enhancing social considerations. Overall, the carbon trade policy can greatly improve the economic and environmental components of sustainability without significantly decreasing in the social sustainability. Conclusions The proposed model can assist policymakers and governments in simultaneously optimizing BSC profitability, carbon emission reduction, and social concern.

scholarly journals Designing a Sustainable Biofuel Supply Chain by Considering Carbon Policies: A Case Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeme Zarrinpoor ◽  
Aida Khani
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Biofuel Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Offset

Abstract Background: Population growth and increasing the utilization of fossil fuels have increased carbon emissions and the global warming phenomenon with detrimental impacts on the human life and the environment. Therefore, finding a sustainable substitution for fossil fuels becomes a great challenge for all societies from all over the world. Renewable energies such as biofuels are the appropriate alternative to decrease environmental concerns.Methods: This study develops a multi-objective multi-period multi-echelon biofuel supply chain (BSC) from switch grass regarding economic, environmental and social aspects of the sustainability. For considering the environmental aspect, four carbon policies are taken into account; namely the carbon cap, the carbon tax, the carbon trade and the carbon offset. The fuzzy interactive programming method is implemented to solve the multi-objective model and the fuzzy best-worst method (FMWM) is applied for weighting social objective components.Results: To illustrate the applicability of the model, an actual case study in Iran is considered. It is revealed that different solutions are obtained for the location of switch grass resources, preprocessing centers, and bio-refineries under different carbon policies. Numerical results also demonstrate that biofuel production and transportation activities have a great share in carbon emissions and BSC costs. Applying the carbon cap policy in the proposed case study decreases the carbon emission over 14% in comparison to the basic situation. Moreover, implementing the carbon trade policy increases the total BSC profit about 11% in comparison to the basic situation. The carbon offset policy plays a significant role in improving social considerations compared with other policies. Overall, since three aspects of sustainability have appropriate values under the carbon trade policy, it can be concluded that this policy is the most appropriate policy.Conclusions: The proposed model can aid policy makers and governments to optimize the profitability of the BSC, the carbon emission reduction, and the social consideration, simultaneously.

Multi-Objective Fleet Assignment Problem Based on Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Key Factor

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, energy conservation has become the theme of the development of the world. China government set the emissions-reduction targets in various industries on the 12th Five-Year Plan. And the airlines were committed to reduce their carbon emissions. From an operational perspective, the airline model assignment problem is a key factor of the total carbon emissions on the entire route network. But the traditional aircraft assignment models approach did not account for this purpose to reduce carbon emissions. By constructing the multi-objective optimization models consider carbon emissions assignment model using a genetic algorithm, numerical example shows that the model is able to meet all aspects demand which include meeting route network capacity demand, minimizing operating costs and reducing total aircraft fleet carbon emissions.

scholarly journals The Decarbonisation of Transport Logistics: A South African Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Goedhals-Gerber ◽  
Heinrich Freiboth ◽  
Jan Havenga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

South Africa is currently one of the “dirtiest” economies in the world in terms of carbon emissions. The South African economy is heavily dependent on energy-intensive industries, such as mining and primary minerals beneficiation, which in turn rely on fossil fuels as a source of energy. Sustainability is still a relatively new concept in South Africa, but awareness is growing, and there are several on-going initiatives aimed at reducing the country’s total energy consumption. The objective of this paper is to apply the TIMBER framework to assess current transport decarbonisation activities in South Africa. The article discusses a limited field survey of ten important logistics experts in South Africa to establish whether the findings of the researchers are similar to the perceptions within the logistics sector of major industries in South Africa. This paper concludes by providing possible solutions for reducing carbon emissions in South Africa’s logistics industry.

scholarly journals Analysis on carbon footprint: A case study of Gorkhapatra national daily in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anukram Sharma ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Cost

Study of carbon footprint is an emerging field which provides statistical analysis about the contribution of an activity on global climate change. Every human activity in daily life is achieved at the expense of those substances which directly or indirectly contribute to global warming. In this era of global communication, humans are habitual to know about the ongoing changes in the world. Newspapers are one of the reliable sources for getting updated about the global information. Paper-based newspapers come at the cost of greenhouse gas emissions. So, this article based upon an analysis of carbon footprint of Nepal’s national daily newspaper provides evaluation of each of the following: carbon emission during the manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emission from fuel consumption during transportation of raw materials, carbon emissions during the printing of newspaper and carbon emission from the fuel consumption during the transportation of printed newspaper. During the study period of 2019 A.D., the result shows that the total carbon emission of Gorkhapatra newspaper was found to be 2308.5 kg CO2e per ton. The upshot of this study provides not only thorough information about carbon emissions but also builds a foundation for calculation of carbon emissions from paper used in various sectors.

scholarly journals A Multi-Objective Life Cycle Optimization Model of an Integrated Algal Biorefinery toward a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Considering Resource Recirculation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416
Author(s):  
Celine Marie A. Solis ◽  
Jayne Lois G. San Juan ◽  
Andres Philip Mayol ◽  
Charlle L. Sy ◽  
Aristotle T. Ubando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Demand Fluctuations

Biofuel production from microalgae biomass has been considered a viable alternative to harmful fossil fuels; however, challenges are faced regarding its economic sustainability. Process integration to yield various high-value bioproducts is implemented to raise profitability and sustainability. By incorporating a circular economy outlook, recirculation of resource flows is maximized to yield economic and environmental benefits through waste minimization. However, previous modeling studies have not looked into the opportunity of integrating productivity reduction related to the continuous recirculation and reuse of resources until it reaches its end of life. In this work, a novel multi-objective optimization model is developed centered on an algal biorefinery that simultaneously optimizes cost and environmental impact, adopts the principle of resource recovery and recirculation, and incorporates the life cycle assessment methodology to properly account for the environmental impacts of the system. An algal biorefinery involving end-products such as biodiesel, glycerol, biochar, and fertilizer was used for a case study to validate the optimization model. The generated optimal results are assessed and further analyzed through scenario analysis. It was seen that demand fluctuations and process unit efficiencies have significant effect on the optimal results.

Comparing the social costs of biofuels and fossil fuels: A case study of Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loan T. Le ◽  
Ekko C. van Ierland ◽  
Xueqin Zhu ◽  
Justus Wesseler ◽  
Giang Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Social

Production-inventory and emission reduction investment decision under carbon cap-and-trade policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyao Fan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Lindu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Emission Permit ◽  
Production Inventory

The increasing amount of carbon emissions has caused global warming and challenged the sustainable development of environment. Governments around the world have implemented carbon policies including carbon cap-and-trade policy. In this paper, we focus on how a two-echelon supply chain manages its carbon footprints in production and inventory under carbon cap-and-trade policy. We extend the classical EOQ (economic order quantity) model and study decisions on production-inventory, carbon trading and emission reduction investment in the decentralized and centralized situations. The results show that emission permit sharing can effectively reduce the total cost and total carbon emissions of the supply chain. Moreover, the manufacturer’s emission reduction effort rises with the increase of the buying and selling prices of emission permits under centralized decision-making. In addition, a compensation mechanism is proposed for the centralized supply chain with emission permit sharing. It is observed that the buying and selling prices of emission permits have a positive influence on the permit sharing price in the compensation mechanism. Meanwhile, the retailer pays less for using the emission permits if it has a higher carbon cap, while the manufacturer with a higher carbon cap is more capable to provide a high compensation for the retailer.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Energy Production from Renewable Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Wojciech Czekała ◽  
◽  
Filip Tarkowski ◽  
Patrycja Pochwatka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The increased demand for energy determines the need to search for its next sources. One of them could be renewable energy sources, whose importance is increasing, among others, due to the limited resources of fossil fuels. In addition, renewable energy production has many benefits, mainly environmental and economic. Moreover, the social aspects associated with it cannot be ignored. The aim of this work was to discuss selected social benefits resulting from the production of renewable energy. Among the most important advantages of renewable energy sources is their local aspect, since energy production solves many regional problems, mainly related to its transport. The issue of energy security is also essential. In the case of biofuel production, the possibility of involving waste in energy production is extremely beneficial. The use of renewable energy itself directly affects the improvement of the environment, which in turn has a positive effect on people. Nowadays, sustainable development is one of the most critical challenges of humanity. These activities are closely related to the use of renewable energy sources. It is important to pay attention not only to subjects related to the environmental and economic aspects but also the impact of renewable energy sources on society.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Evaluation Based on Multi-Objective Balance of Sewing Assembly Line in Apparel Industry

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Xujing Zhang ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Apparel Manufacturing ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Evaluation Models

Apparel manufacturing is an industry with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. With the development of the low-carbon economy, low-carbon production in the apparel manufacturing industry become more and more imperative. The apparel industry is encountering great challenges in reducing carbon emissions. Garment sewing comprises a large number of processes, machines and operators. However, the existing studies lack quantitative analysis of carbon sources in the sewing process. This study analyzed the carbon emission characteristics in garment sewing production. Evaluation models of carbon emission were established for the sewing process in this research and the factors of fabrics, accessories, sewing machines and operators were included in the models. The results showed that fabrics and accessories were the main sources of carbon emissions in garment sewing production. The second largest carbon emission source was sewing machines, followed by operators. According to the evaluation models, the number of machines, operators and the utilization rate of the machines were related to the balance of the assembly line. A multi-objective optimization model aimed at minimizing the time loss rate and smoothness index of the assembly line was established, and a fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the solution for carbon emission reduction. The men’s shirt assembly lines, based on three types of workstation layouts (the order of processes, the type of machines and the components of the garment), were applied to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results indicated that the total carbon emissions of the three assembly lines based on balance optimization were less than that of the normal assembly line. The assembly line of the workstations arranged in the order of processes was the best assembly line since it had the highest efficiency and the lowest carbon emissions.

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