scholarly journals Analysis on carbon footprint: A case study of Gorkhapatra national daily in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anukram Sharma ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Cost

Study of carbon footprint is an emerging field which provides statistical analysis about the contribution of an activity on global climate change. Every human activity in daily life is achieved at the expense of those substances which directly or indirectly contribute to global warming. In this era of global communication, humans are habitual to know about the ongoing changes in the world. Newspapers are one of the reliable sources for getting updated about the global information. Paper-based newspapers come at the cost of greenhouse gas emissions. So, this article based upon an analysis of carbon footprint of Nepal’s national daily newspaper provides evaluation of each of the following: carbon emission during the manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emission from fuel consumption during transportation of raw materials, carbon emissions during the printing of newspaper and carbon emission from the fuel consumption during the transportation of printed newspaper. During the study period of 2019 A.D., the result shows that the total carbon emission of Gorkhapatra newspaper was found to be 2308.5 kg CO2e per ton. The upshot of this study provides not only thorough information about carbon emissions but also builds a foundation for calculation of carbon emissions from paper used in various sectors.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6745
Author(s):  
Malka Nadeeshani ◽  
Thanuja Ramachandra ◽  
Sachie Gunatilake ◽  
Nisa Zainudeen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Flat Roof

At present, the world is facing many hurdles due to the adverse effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. A lot of rural lands and villages are merged into cities by citizens, resulting in high carbon emission, especially in the built environment. Besides, the buildings and the construction sector are responsible for high levels of raw material consumption and around 40% of energy- and process-related emissions. Consequently, the interest in defining the carbon footprint of buildings and their components is on the rise. This study assesses the carbon footprint of a green roof in comparison to a conventional roof in a tropical climate with the aim of examining the potential carbon emission reduction by a green roof during its life cycle. A comparative case study analysis was carried out between an intensive green roof and a concrete flat roof located on two recently constructed commercial buildings in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from interviews, project documents and past literature in addition to on-site data measurements and a comparison of life cycle carbon emissions of the two roof types was carried out. The results revealed that the operational phase has the highest contribution to the carbon footprint of both roof types. In the operational phase, the green roof was found to significantly reduce heat transfer by nearly 90% compared to the concrete flat roof and thereby contributed to an annual operational energy saving of 135.51 kWh/m2. The results further revealed that the life cycle carbon emissions of the intensive green roof are 84.71% lower compared to the conventional concrete flat roof. Hence, this study concludes that the use of green roofs is a suitable alternative for tropical cities for improving the green environment with substantial potential for carbon emission reduction throughout the life cycle of a building.

A Case Study of Carbon Footprint on Liquor Packaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 577-580
Author(s):  
Ya Bo Fu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Yan Ru Jiang ◽  
Ge Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Packaging ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The increasing concern on low carbon and environment protection has aroused a broader awareness of the sustainable development issues to be given to the environmental impacts of packaging products through the whole life cycle. The research of carbon footprint takes the high lights among these studies. The calculation of carbon emissions on commodities has shown many advantages on estimation of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, glass bottle liquor packaging was selected as the researching object, its equivalent carbon emissions were investigated by hybrid life cycle method. Through the carbon emissions research of the processes during the whole life cycle including raw materials’ production, packaging process, transportation, consumption and recycling, the carbon footprint on liquor packaging was calculated. The results indicated that the transportation and production of glass bottle contribute the most parts of total carbon emissions, which provides a case support for energy conservation and the development of green packaging.

A Study of Carbon Footprint Evaluation at PP-R Pipe Based on Life Cycle Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1520-1523
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Bi Xi Dong ◽  
Meng Meng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Innovative Technology

At present, the global warming has drew people`s attention to the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, the essence of which is worrying about the more and more carbon emissions. PP-R pipe has been widely used in production and livelihood, so evaluating the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe is very necessary. This paper evaluated the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe from the production of raw materials to waste disposal, based on the life cycle assessment. The result of the study is that, in the life cycle of PP-R pipe 74.02% of the total carbon emissions come from the production of raw materials. But if using reclaimed materials to replace the total carbon emissions would reduce 52.90%. So an innovative technology of PP-R raw materials producing and using more reclaimed materials are the keys to cut down the carbon emissions of PP-R pipe.

scholarly journals Calculation and Evaluation of Carbon Footprint in Mulberry Production: A Case of Haining in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Qing He ◽  
Yongliang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Carbon footprint refers to the greenhouse gas emissions of an activity during the whole life cycle or a specific period of time. Mulberry is an important cash crop. Thus, establishing a standardized accounting method for the carbon footprint of mulberry production and analyzing its carbon emission scenarios is important in correctly understanding the impact of mulberry production on the environment. Using the life cycle assessment method and on the basis of the statistical data of mulberry production of urban farmers in Haining City, China, in 2014–2016, this study calculates and evaluates the carbon footprint of mulberry production. Results show the following. (1) Indirect carbon emissions is the main part of total carbon emissions, accounting for 85%–88% of total carbon emission, and industrial inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) are the main cause of carbon emissions. (2) The total carbon emissions per hectare in 2016 (6550.73 kgce/hm2) rose relative to the 2015 data (5617.92 kgce/hm2 at least in 2014) (5729.64 kgce/hm2). The output value of mulberry in spring was greater than that in summer and autumn, and the production efficiency of mulberry carbon in spring was higher than that in summer and autumn. The ecological environment of the mulberry production industry can be improved by increasing the resources of carbon sequestration and reducing the source of production input. (3) In general, the photosynthetic carbon sink of mulberry is greater than the total carbon emission and presents a positive externality to the ecological environment.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

scholarly journals Analysis of total carbon emission of the logistics industry in Guangdong and solutions to emission reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Aixia Xu ◽  
Xiaoyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The input-output method is employed in this study to measure the total carbon emission of the logistics industry in Guangdong. The findings revealed that the carbon emission of direct energy consumption of the logistics industry in Guangdong is far above the actual carbon emissions, the second and third industries play a significant role in carbon emission of indirect energy consumption in the logistics industry in Guangdong. To reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in Guangdong, it is not only important to control the carbon emissions in the logistics industry, but strengthen carbon emission detection in relevant industries, improve the energy utilization rate and reduce emissions in other industries, and move towards low-carbon sustainable development.

scholarly journals Estimation of Vehicle Carbon Emissions in China Accounting for Vertical Curve Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yaping Dong ◽  
Jinliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Longitudinal Slope

Predicting vehicle carbon emissions on vertical curve sections can provide guidance for low-carbon vertical profile designs. Given that the influence of vertical curve design indicators on the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of vehicles are underexplored, this study filled this research gap by establishing a theoretical carbon emission model of vehicles on vertical curve sections. The carbon emission model was established based on Xu’s vehicle energy conversion model, the conversion model of energy, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. The accuracy of the theoretical carbon emission model and the CO2 emission rules on vertical curve sections were verified by field test results. Field tests were carried out on flat sections, longitudinal slope sections, and various types of vertical curve sections, with five common types of vehicles maintaining cruising speed. The carbon emission rate effects on the vertical curve are closely related to the gradient and irrelevant of the radius. On the vertical profile composed with downhill/asymmetric/symmetrical vertical curve with a gradient greater than the balance gradient, the carbon emission rate is determined by the gradient and radius. The influence of the gradient on carbon emissions of vehicle on these vertical profiles was more significant than the radius. The radius is irrelevant to the carbon emission rate on the other forms of vertical profile. These results may benefit highway designers and engineers by providing guidelines regarding the environmental effects of highway vertical curve indexes.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions of Hotels: The Case of the Sri Lankan Hotel Industry

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udara Willhelm Abeydeera ◽  
Karunasena
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

The need to mitigate climate change has become a major global concern, and greenhouse gas emissions are a major cause of global climate change. Therefore, the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions has been well recognized by global researchers, policymakers and academics. Carbon emissions of hotel operations have seized the attention of global researchers. However, carbon emissions of the hotels in developing countries remain to be a less explored domain. Therefore, carbon emissions of Sri Lankan hotels were explored using a case study approach. Five hotels in the Colombo suburb were explored, which revealed that each hotel released more than 7000 tons of carbon annually. Results further indicated the use of purchased electricity as the dominant source of carbon emissions. Emissions caused by transport activities were not included in the calculations due to the unavailability of data. Recommendations were made to overcome the issues identified during data collection as well as to reduce the carbon emissions from hotel operations. Wider adoption of the methodology used in this research will benefit the hotels to keep track of the carbon emissions using a systematic approach.

scholarly journals Spatial cluster and Heterogeneity Research on Energy-Related Carbon Emissions in Districts and Counties of Guangdong Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Wang ◽  
Shangjun Ke ◽  
Daiqing Zhao ◽  
Guotian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
High Cluster

Energy-related carbon emissions in districts and counties of Guangdong province from 2005 to 2016 are researched based on spatial econometrics method in this article, and significance cluster area and heterogeneity area are precise pinpointed. Conclusions are as follows: (1) total carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions exist significance global spatial autocorrelation in the year 2005-2016, and formed significance high-high cluster area in districts and counties of Guangzhou city, Shenzhen city and Dongguan city. It also formed three significance low-low cluster areas in districts and counties of eastern, western and northern of Guangdong province. Low-high heterogeneity area and high -low heterogeneity area often appears in the scope of high-high cluster area and low-low cluster area. (2)Carbon emission intensity not exist significance global spatial autocorrelation, but exist significance cluster area and heterogeneity area in the ecological development areas of eastern, western and northern of Guangdong province. In the end, the paper puts forward the regional and detailed policy recommendations for efficient carbon emission reduction for each cluster type region: carbon high-high cluster areas are priority reduce emissions area, heighten energy saving technology and optimize industrial structure are two grippers to reduce emissions. Low - low carbon emissions concentrated area in western of Guangdong should primarily develop high and new technology industry. Low low carbon emissions concentrated areas and high - high carbon emissions intensity concentrated area for eastern and northern of Guangdong province should try hard to wins ecological compensation at the same time focus on developing ecological tourism.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gu ◽  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Tingting Mei ◽  
Guomo Zhou ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Bamboo Scrimber

Bamboo forest is characterized by large carbon sequestration capability and it plays an important role in mitigating climate change and global carbon cycling. Previous studies have mostly focused on carbon cycling and carbon stocks in bamboo forest ecosystems, whereas the carbon footprints of bamboo products have not received attention. China is the largest exporting country of bamboo flooring in the world. Estimating the carbon footprint of bamboo flooring is of essential importance for the involved enterprises and consumers to evaluate their own carbon footprints. In this study, we investigated the production processes of bamboo scrimber flooring for outdoor use, a typical bamboo flooring in China. Based on business-to-business (B2B) evaluation method, we assessed CO2 emission and carbon transfer ratio in each step of the production process, including transporting bamboo culms and producing and packing the products. We found that to produce 1 m3 of bamboo scrimber flooring, direct carbon emissions from fossil fuels during transporting raw materials/semi-finished products, from power consumptions during production, and indirect emissions from applying additives were 30.94 kg CO2 eq, 143.37 kg CO2 eq, and 78.34 kg CO2 eq, respectively. After subtracting the 267.54 kg CO2 eq carbon stocks in the product from the 252.65 kg CO2 eq carbon emissions derived within the defined boundary, we found that the carbon footprint of 1 m3 bamboo scrimber flooring was −14.89 kg CO2 eq. Our results indicated that the bamboo scrimber flooring is a negative carbon-emission product. Finally, we discussed factors that influence the carbon footprint of the bamboo flooring and gave suggestions on carbon emission reduction during production processes. This study provided a scientific basis for estimating carbon stocks and carbon footprints of bamboo products and further expanded knowledge on carbon cycling and lifespan of carbon in the bamboo forest ecosystem.

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