scholarly journals What are the effects of climate variability and change on ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migration in North America? A systematic map protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Malpeli ◽  
Sarah R. Weiskopf ◽  
Laura Thompson ◽  
Amanda R. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North America ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background Climate is an important driver of ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migratory behaviors, and can affect the growth, development, fecundity, dispersal, and demographic trends of populations. Changes in temperature and precipitation, and resulting shifts in plant phenology, winter severity, drought and wildfire conditions, invasive species distribution and abundance, predation, and disease have the potential to directly or indirectly affect ungulates. However, ungulate responses to climate variability and change are not uniform and vary by species and geography. Here, we present a systematic map protocol aiming to describe the abundance and distribution of evidence on the effects of climate variability and change on ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migration in North America. This map will help to identify knowledge gaps and clusters of evidence, and can be used to inform future research directions and adaptive management strategies. Methods We will catalogue evidence on how climate variability and change affect the life-histories, population dynamics, and migration patterns of the fifteen ungulate species native to North America. We will search both academic and grey literature, using academic journal databases and specialist websites. Articles will be screened for inclusion at the title/abstract and full-text levels, and data will be extracted from articles that pass the full-text review. These data will be summarized quantitatively, visually, and with a narrative review to describe the distribution and abundance of evidence on the effects of climate variability and change on ungulates in North America.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low-and-middle-income countries: scoping review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce T. Shatilwe ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthcare Information

Abstract Background Research shows that there are inadequate interventions in resource-limited settings that could enable women of reproductive age to access and use health services in those settings. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Method and analysis The primary search will include Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE), Emerald, Embase, CDSR, PsycINFO, published and peer review journals, organisational projects, conference papers, reference list, grey literature sources, as well as reports related to this objective will be included in the study. Identified keywords will be used to search articles from the studies. The articles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers (JS and TPMT). Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be considered to guide the screening. A thematic content analysis will be used to present the narrative account of the reviews, using NVivo computer software (version 11). Discussions The scoping review will focus on women of reproductive age in LMICs. We anticipate finding relevant literature on the interventions aimed at accessing health care services in LMICs. The study findings will help reveal research gaps to guide future research. Scoping review registration Not registered with PROSPERO (not needed). Protocol and registration This scoping review was not registered.

scholarly journals Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: the Cholera Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Lipp ◽  
Anwar Huq ◽  
Rita R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARY Recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and ecologists. Much of the interest has been stimulated by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens, emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the potential of bioterrorism, and the debate concerning climate change. Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, lends itself to analyses of the role of climate in infectious disease, coupled to population dynamics of pathogenic microorganisms, for several reasons. First, the disease has a historical context linking it to specific seasons and biogeographical zones. In addition, the population dynamics of V. cholerae in the environment are strongly controlled by environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, and the presence of copepods, which are, in turn, controlled by larger-scale climate variability. In this review, the association between plankton and V. cholerae that has been documented over the last 20 years is discussed in support of the hypothesis that cholera shares properties of a vector-borne disease. In addition, a model for environmental transmission of cholera to humans in the context of climate variability is presented. The cholera model provides a template for future research on climate-sensitive diseases, allowing definition of critical parameters and offering a means of developing more sophisticated methods for prediction of disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Introduction: food crops in a changing climate

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 1983-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M Slingo ◽  
Andrew J Challinor ◽  
Brian J Hoskins ◽  
Timothy R Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Impact

Changes in both the mean and the variability of climate, whether naturally forced, or due to human activities, pose a threat to crop production globally. This paper summarizes discussions of this issue at a meeting of the Royal Society in April 2005. Recent advances in understanding the sensitivity of crops to weather, climate and the levels of particular gases in the atmosphere indicate that the impact of these factors on crop yields and quality may be more severe than previously thought. There is increasing information on the importance to crop yields of extremes of temperature and rainfall at key stages of crop development. Agriculture will itself impact on the climate system and a greater understanding of these feedbacks is needed. Complex models are required to perform simulations of climate variability and change, together with predictions of how crops will respond to different climate variables. Variability of climate, such as that associated with El Niño events, has large impacts on crop production. If skilful predictions of the probability of such events occurring can be made a season or more in advance, then agricultural and other societal responses can be made. The development of strategies to adapt to variations in the current climate may also build resilience to changes in future climate. Africa will be the part of the world that is most vulnerable to climate variability and change, but knowledge of how to use climate information and the regional impacts of climate variability and change in Africa is rudimentary. In order to develop appropriate adaptation strategies globally, predictions about changes in the quantity and quality of food crops need to be considered in the context of the entire food chain from production to distribution, access and utilization. Recommendations for future research priorities are given.

scholarly journals Evidence on the effectiveness of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) as a survey tool for North American terrestrial, vertebrate animals: a systematic map protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Elmore ◽  
Michael F. Curran ◽  
Kristine O. Evans ◽  
Sathishkumar Samiappan ◽  
Meilun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Animal Monitoring

Abstract Background Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are replacing or supplementing manned aircraft and ground-based surveys in many animal monitoring situations due to better coverage at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, access, cost, bias, impacts, safety, efficiency, and logistical benefits. Various sUAS models and sensors are available with varying features and usefulness depending on survey goals. However, justification for selection of sUAS and sensors are not typically offered in published literature and existing reviews do not adequately cover past and current sUAS applications for animal monitoring nor their associated sUAS model and sensor technologies, taxonomic and geographic scope, flight conditions and considerations, spatial distributions of sUAS applications, and reported technical difficulties. We outline a systematic map protocol to collect and consolidate evidence pertaining to sUAS monitoring of animals. Our systematic map will provide a useful synthesis of current applications of sUAS-animal related studies and identify major knowledge clusters (well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis by a systematic review) and gaps (unreported or underrepresented topics that warrant additional primary research) that may influence future research directions and sUAS applications. Methods Our systematic map will investigate the current state of knowledge using an accurate, comprehensive, and repeatable search. We will find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as dissertations and theses using online publication databases, Google Scholar, and by request through a professional network of collaborators and publicly available websites. We will use a tiered approach to article exclusion with eligible studies being those that monitor (i.e., identify, count, estimate, etc.) terrestrial vertebrate animals. Extracted data concerning sUAS, sensors, animals, methodology, and results will be recorded in Microsoft Access. We will query and catalogue evidence in the final database to produce tables, figures, and geographic maps to accompany a full narrative review that answers our primary and secondary questions.

scholarly journals What is the current state of knowledge and distribution of evidence on established policies and programs to regulate international wildlife trade? A systematic map protocol

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha H Cheng ◽  
Janine E. Robinson ◽  
Siri L.A. Öckerman ◽  
Neil A. Cox ◽  
Annette Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

Background: The international trade of wildlife (animals and plants) provides critical resources for human communities worldwide and contributes to local, national, and international economies. However, increasing demand presents a significant threat to both species and ecosystems as well as wildlife-centered livelihoods. Concerns regarding illicit trade of wildlife and unsustainable harvest has propelled international wildlife trade regulation to the top of political and conservation agendas. Consequently, a broad range of interventions have been established to regulate the trade and address biodiversity decline. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of international wildlife trade interventions, this protocol sets out the parameters for a systematic map which will comprehensively collate and describe the extent and distribution of the evidence base. The resulting map aims to provide insight to guide future research and inform practice. Methods: This systematic map will identify, map, and characterize the available evidence on the impacts of established policies and programs to address international wildlife trade. Specifically, the systematic map will describe: (1) the volume and distribution of studies that have examined impacts of various interventions on conservation, biological, and socioeconomic outcomes; (2) research methodologies that have been used to evaluate impacts; (3) distribution of studies on particular taxa and geographical areas; and (4) identify evidence gaps in need of more research. We will search two publication databases and several organizational and topical websites for relevant published articles and grey literature. In addition, a call for literature will be issued among relevant research networks. The titles, abstracts, and full texts of captured studies will be assessed against inclusion criteria. Double screening will be carried out on a subset of studies to ensure consistency. Relevant information from studies will be extracted using an a priori codebook. The resulting map will consist of descriptive statistics, a heat map in the form of a matrix, and a narrative synthesis describing characteristics of included studies.

scholarly journals THE ĐA BÚT PERIOD IN NORTHERN VIETNAM: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiep Hoang Trinh ◽  
Damien Huffer
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Future Research Directions

<p class="1Abstract">This paper presents an overview of the pre-agricultural, ceramic producing, Neolithic Đa Bút culture in its archaeological, bioarchaeological and environmental contexts. Drawing on numerous examples from the ‘grey literature,’ often published solely in Vietnamese, we review the diversity of known sites and the faunal, floral, material cultural, mortuary and osteological evidence they provide regarding the structure, life histories and foodways of Đa Bút communities. We conclude with a discussion of possible future research directions that would improve what is known about the inhabitants of lowland northern Vietnam during this period, should appropriate new sites be discovered.</p>

scholarly journals Detecting climate signals in populations across life histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Matthew C. Long ◽  
Christophe Coste ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
Marlène Gamelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Climate Signals

Climate impacts are not always easily discerned in wild populations as climate change occurs in the context of natural variability. Furthermore, species responses to climate change and variability differ among life histories. The time of emergence (ToE) identifies when the signal of anthropogenic climate change can be quantitatively distinguished from noise associated with natural variability. This concept has been applied extensively in the climate sciences, but has not yet formally been explored in the context of population dynamics. Here, we present a theoretical assessment of the ToE of climate-driven signals in population dynamics (ToEpop) to detect climate signals in populations. We identify the dependence of ToEpop on the magnitude of climate trends and variability and explore the demographic controls on ToEpop. We demonstrate that different life histories (fast species vs. slow species), demographic processes (survival, reproduction) and functional relationships between climate and demographic rates, yield population dynamics that filter trends and variability in climate differently. We illustrate empirically how to detect the point in time when anthropogenic signals in populations emerge from the envelope of natural variability for a species threatened by climate change: the emperor penguin. Finally, we propose six testable hypotheses and a road map for future research.

scholarly journals What evidence exists on the impact of anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on animals and plants in the environment? A systematic map protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Karipidis ◽  
Chris Brzozek ◽  
Chhavi Raj Bhatt ◽  
Sarah Loughran ◽  
Andrew Wood
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
Review Team ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF), particularly from telecommunications sources, is one of the most common and fastest growing anthropogenic factors on the environment. In many countries, humans are protected from excessive RF EMF exposure by safety standards that are based on guidelines by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The ICNIRP guidelines are based on knowledge of how RF EMF affects the human body, however, there are currently no recognised international guidelines to specifically protect animals and plants. Whether the ICNIRP guidelines for humans is adequate to provide protection to the environment is a subject of active debate. This systematic map will collate all the available evidence on whether anthropogenic RF EMF has a negative effect on plants and animals in the environment. The map will also identify gaps in knowledge, recommend future research and inform environmental and radiation protection authorities. Methods The proposed systematic map will include peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English. The EMF—Portal, PubMed and Web of Science databases will be searched using a search string prepared by the review team and tested for comprehensiveness against a list of known relevant reviews. Once duplicates are removed, retrieved articles will be screened in three stages: title, abstract, and full text. Studies will be selected with a subject population of all plants and animals, with exposures to anthropogenic RF EMF (frequency range 100 kHz–300 GHz) compared to no or lower-level exposure, and for all outcomes related to the studied populations. Kappa statistic tests will be conducted at each stage to ensure consistency of decision-making regarding the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eligible studies will then proceed to the data extraction phase, which will extract meta-data such as bibliographic information, taxonomic information, RF EMF exposure data, outcome(s), sample size, etc. The extracted data will then be organised into a systematic map and the findings summarised by cross-tabulating key meta-data variables in heat maps, charts or other data visualization methods. The systematic map will identify gaps in knowledge, priorities for future research and potential subtopics for further analysis and/or systematic review.

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