Evaluation of wild herbivore faeces from South Africa as a potential source of hydrolytically active microorganisms

Abstract. Bromoform mixing ratios in marine air were measured at Cape Point Global Atmospheric Watch Station, South Africa. This represents the first ever bromoform data set recorded at this unique location. Manual daily measurements were made during a month long field campaign (austral spring 2011) using a GC-ECD with a custom built front end thermal desorption trap. The measured concentrations ranged between 2.3 ± 0.4 and 84.7 ± 10.8 ppt with a mean of 24.7 ± 3.1 ppt. Our analysis shows the concentration of bromform varies significantly according to wind direction and the trajectory of the air mass sampled. Air masses which had come into contact with multiple potential source of bromoform showed the highest average mixing ratios. The measurements reported here represent some of the highest recorded coastal bromoform concentrations globally. These high concentrations may be explained by the multiple local sources of bromoform around Cape Point.

Download Full-text

A potential source of undiagnosed Legionellosis: Legionella growth in domestic water heating systems in South Africa

Energy for Sustainable Development ◽

10.1016/j.esd.2018.12.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 130-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. Stone ◽

T.M. Louw ◽

G.K. Gakingo ◽

M.J. Nieuwoudt ◽

M.J. Booysen

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Water Heating ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Potential Source

Download Full-text

Diverse norovirus genotypes identified in sewage-polluted river water in South Africa

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812000490 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. 303-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

J. MANS ◽

R. NETSHIKWETA ◽

M. MAGWALIVHA ◽

W. B. VAN ZYL ◽

M. B. TAYLOR

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Surface Water ◽

Glass Wool ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polluted River ◽

Potential Source ◽

Genotype Diversity ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Three Rivers

SUMMARYThis study aimed to assess norovirus (NoV) contamination and genotype diversity in surface water in Gauteng, South Africa. Between January 2008 and December 2010, three rivers, namely Klip, Suikerbosrant, and Rietspruit were monitored for NoV genogroup (G)I and GII. Viruses were recovered using the glass wool adsorption-elution technique and detected by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. From 2008 to 2010, NoVs were detected in 66% (70/106) of Klip river samples. The Rietspruit and Suikerbosrant rivers were contaminated with NoV in 95% (20/21) and 21% (5/24) of samples, respectively. NoV-positive samples comprised of 33% GI, 29% GII and 38% of both GI and GII strains. Based on partial capsid gene analysis (region C), 16 NoV genotypes (6 GI, 10 GII) were identified. The major genotypes detected were GI.4, GI.5 and GII.4. These rivers could be a potential source of NoV infection for communities using the water for domestic or recreational purposes.

Download Full-text

Buddhism in Africa

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Michel Clasquin-Johnson

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Current Distribution ◽

Early Stage ◽

Practical Application ◽

New Approach ◽

Potential Source ◽

Service Oriented ◽

History Of ◽

Northeast Africa ◽

Oriented Approach

Some Africans were aware of Buddhism at a very early stage in history—indeed, some of the earliest evidence for Western knowledge of Buddhist traditions comes from Northeast Africa—yet today Africa is the least Buddhist of the inhabited continents. This chapter charts the complex history of Buddhist traditions in Africa and sketches the current distribution of these traditions on the continent. Inevitably, legacies of colonial occupation have affected the distribution of Buddhist traditions in Africa. In South Africa there is an overwhelmingly white (Caucasian) convert community that barely interacts with small ethnic Buddhist traditions. Only in recent years has a new approach to Buddhist traditions arisen, a service-oriented approach that sees Africa not as a potential source of converts, but as a field for the practical application of compassion.

Download Full-text

Time and Latitude in South Africa

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100026816 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

J. Hers

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cape Town ◽

Astronomical Observations ◽

Royal Observatory ◽

The Republic ◽

Astronomical Determination ◽

Limited Accuracy ◽

Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Download Full-text

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100132649 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1602-1603

Author(s):

Philippe Fragu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Biological Applications ◽

The Past ◽

Potential Source ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Chemical Integrity ◽

Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

Download Full-text

Indirect Rule in South Africa

10.1017/upo9781580467421 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

J. C. Myers

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Indirect Rule

Download Full-text

Combining Professional Interests and Travel: People to People Citizen Ambassador Program

Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders ◽

10.1044/gics1.2.47 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Alex Johnson ◽

Amanda Hitchins

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Education ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Exchange Program

Abstract This article summarizes a series of trips sponsored by People to People, a professional exchange program. The trips described in this report were led by the first author of this article and include trips to South Africa, Russia, Vietnam and Cambodia, and Israel. Each of these trips included delegations of 25 to 50 speech-language pathologists and audiologists who participated in professional visits to learn of the health, education, and social conditions in each country. Additionally, opportunities to meet with communication disorders professionals, students, and persons with speech, language, or hearing disabilities were included. People to People, partnered with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), provides a meaningful and interesting way to learn and travel with colleagues.

Download Full-text