scholarly journals Livelihood assets’ influence on Ugandan farmers’ control practices for Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Pagnani ◽  
Elisabetta Gotor ◽  
Enoch Kikulwe ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of livelihood assets on Ugandan farmers’ decisions to control Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), a disease that has threatened banana production and the livelihoods of Ugandan farmers since 2001. The BXW control strategy is based on the simultaneous implementation of four cultural practices: de-budding, infected plant removal, disinfecting tools, and using clean planting materials. The Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL) framework represents a very useful theoretical architecture for examining the interplay between livelihood systems of rural Ugandan households and the external context. Empirically, this study applies a double-hurdle model with the base assumption that the two adoption decision processes (whether to adopt and the intensity of adoption of the cultural practices) are separate. Results indicate that the vulnerability context and the human, social, natural, and physical capitals are the factors that drive farmers to adopt the identified strategy. Farmers’ decisions about the extent of adoption are instead negatively influenced by natural capital and positively associated with social capital. These findings highlight the importance of supporting the improvement of livelihood assets to enable tailored support to farmers. It is particularly important to support the social and natural capitals that facilitate information exchange and provide critical resources for the adoption of the BXW control strategy.

scholarly journals Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Evidence from Impact of Adoption of Cultural Control Practices in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch M. Kikulwe ◽  
Joseph Lule Kyanjo ◽  
Edward Kato ◽  
Reuben T. Ssali ◽  
Rockefeller Erima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) is an important emerging and non-curable infectious plant pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa that can cause up to 100% yield loss, negatively impacting sustainable access to food and income to more than 100 million banana farmers. This study disentangles adopters into partial and full adopters to investigate the factors that are relevant to sustain the adoption process of BXW control practices and quantifies the impact of adopting the practices. Data from a randomly selected sample of 1200 banana farmers in Uganda where the disease is endemic was used. A multinomial logit model was used to determine the factors affecting adoption of control practices and augmented inverse probability weighting was employed to estimate the impacts of adoption on banana productivity and sales. Results show that training a woman farmer and having diverse sources of information about BXW control practices increased adoption of the control practices and reduced the disease incidences. Farmers who adopted all the recommended control practices achieved significantly the highest values of banana production and sales. We conclude that improving information access through farmers’ preferred communication channels, having women-inclusive trainings, and a combination of cultural practices are effective ways for sustaining adoption of the control practices.

Relationship Analysis between the Response to Participate in Eco-Compensation and Livelihood Assets: A HeiHe River Basin Example

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Hai Yang Shang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Physical Assets

For a long time, these are deeply entrenched in people’s thinking and the institutions or policies of economic activities that the resources are unlimited and the environment exists priceless. Environmentally augmented household livelihood assets were collected from 300 sample households within the HeiHe River Basin. Results show that physical assets possess a maximum value (0.609) and natural assets possess relatively low values (0.241). The human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital are all important factors to influence the responses. An increment of one unit should reduce the occurrence to participate in ecological compensation for natural capital. Therefore, the local governments should actively introduce the relevant supporting measures in order to provide more non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers.

Interoperability Among Instrusion Detection Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Mário M. Ferire
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Message Exchange

This chapter addresses the problem of interoperability among intrusion detection systems. It presents a classification and a brief description of intrusion detection systems, taking into account several issues such as information sources, analysis of intrusion detection systems, response options for intrusion detection systems, analysis timing, control strategy, and architecture of intrusion detection systems. It is also discussed the problem of information exchange among intrusion detection systems, being addressed the intrusion detection exchange protocol and a format for the exchange of information among intrusion detection systems, called by intrusion detection message exchange format. The lack of a format of the answers or countermeasures interchanged between the components of intrusion detection systems is also discussed as well as some future trends in this area.

scholarly journals Dynamical Analysis of Delayed Plant Disease Models with Continuous or Impulsive Cultural Control Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongqian Zhang ◽  
Xinzhu Meng ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Zhenqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Transcendental Equation ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Disease Free

Delayed plant disease mathematical models including continuous cultural control strategy and impulsive cultural control strategy are presented and investigated. Firstly, we consider continuous cultural control strategy in which continuous replanting of healthy plants is taken. The existence and local stability of disease-free equilibrium and positive equilibrium are studied by analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation. And then, plant disease model with impulsive replanting of healthy plants is also considered; the sufficient condition under which the infected plant-free periodic solution is globally attritive is obtained. Moreover, permanence of the system is studied. Some numerical simulations are also given to illustrate our results.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE-FOOD SECURITY-FINANCIAL ASSETS NEXUS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Yuniarti ◽  
Yunastiti Purwaningsih ◽  
AM Soesilo ◽  
Agustinus Suryantoro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Household Food

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the position of household food security when they face climate change and examine the influence of financial asset on food security dynamic. Additionally, we investigate the impact of livelihood assets such as human capital, financial capital, social capital, natural capital, and physical capital on food security dynamic. Methodology: There are four categories of food security dynamic namely household that always secure, improved, worse, and always food insecure. Taking the case on Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta Special Region, we use primary data with a longitudinal survey when El Nino (2015) and La Nina (2016). The sample size is 107 households of Program KeluargaHarapan’s receiver. To examine the association between financial assets and food security dynamic we used Multinomial Logit Regression. Results: The results of the study indicates that households in the face of climate change did not experience significant changes in food security positions in both seasons (El Nińo and La Nińa). Mild food insecurity still dominates impoverished households. Implications: Thus, the proportion of households that experienced improvement or decline was dominated by mild food insecurity. Furthermore, financial assets such as saving and credit can enhance poor household food security. Meanwhile, there are not all household livelihood assets improve food security yet; only human capital and natural capital can improve household food security. The appropriate food security strategies can be the focus on financial sector intervention program.

scholarly journals Banana Production Trends, Cultivar Diversity, and Tissue Culture Technologies Uptake in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Caroline N. Wahome ◽  
John M. Maingi ◽  
Omwoyo Ombori ◽  
Jacinta M. Kimiti ◽  
Ezekiel M. Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Culture Technology

Banana (Musa acuminate L) is the world’s most widely known and distributed fruit and is a great contributor to food security in the developing world. However, many limiting factors affect banana farming, which cut across sociodemographic factors and agronomic and management practices. The current study was carried in three counties, including Kisii, Nyamira, and Embu. The study aimed to assess agronomic practices, banana production practices (main banana cultivars, source of planting materials), market information, and awareness of tissue culture bananas. Sample size was determined using the Snedecor and Cochran formula, and data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation, and face to face interviews from 90 smallholder farmers. Data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, and Microsoft Excel was used to generate tables and graphs. Results indicated that banana production in Kisii, Nyamira, and Embu were limited by several factors including pests and diseases, limited access to quality disease-free planting materials, access to extension services, especially in Kisii and Nyamira, as well as access to agrochemicals. Declining production as well as limited market access also adversely affected production in these regions. Most farmers chose cultivars according to the availability of planting materials, suitability to the region, productivity, as well as market demand. The most predominant cultivar in Kisii and Nyamira was the Ng’ombe which was planted by about 90% and 73.3% of the respondents, respectively. In Embu, the most common cultivar was Israel and was planted by 96% of the respondents. More than 50% of the farmers in Kisii, Nyamira, and Embu cited lack of awareness of tissue-cultured bananas. None of the respondents in the study sites carried out any value addition processes on bananas thus limiting exploitation of a major revenue source. There was low adoption of tissue-cultured banana cultivation with the highest recorded number of respondents growing tissue-cultured banana reported in Embu (36%), followed by Kisii (10%) and lastly Nyamira (3.3%), as well as limited knowledge of tissue culture technology in three counties with 60% of the respondents in Kisii, Nyamira, and Embu indicating limited knowledge of the tissue-cultured banana varieties. This could potentially lead to a decline in production due to the use of potentially diseased planting materials. Creating awareness with the aid of relevant authorities on the potential benefits of utilizing disease-free tissue-cultured bananas and adopting low-cost tissue culture technology will significantly boost banana production in these regions and the country as a whole. The results of this study could be used by relevant stakeholders to increase banana productivity in the study areas.

Effect Of Islamic Social Finance Exclusion On Sustainable Livelihood Assets Acquisition And Persistent Poverty In Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Abdalla Ussi Hamad ◽  
Adewale Abideen Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Persistent Poverty ◽  
The Government

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship that exists between voluntary and non-non-voluntary Islamic social finance exclusion and sustainable livelihood assets (social capital, natural capital, physical capital, and human capital) among the household’s head in Zanzibar. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the head of household with sample size of 287 and data were collected and analysed based on both factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0 software. The results indicated that non-non-voluntary Islamic social finance exclusion factors impede financial inclusion of the poor in Zanzibar rather than voluntary Islamic social financial exclusion factors. This implies that non-voluntary Islamic social finance exclusion has great implication for the acquisition of the sustainable livelihood assets due to the combined effect of lack of awareness about Islamic social finance services on one hand and the cost associated to it on the other. This has great implications for the acquisition of the requisite livelihood assets needed to exit the persistent state of poverty raveling Zanzibar. This paper contributes to the government efforts through Waqf and Trust commission Zanzibar (WTCZ) to review these three Islamic social funds (Waqf, zakat and almsgiving) for the purpose of poverty alleviation in Zanzibar.

scholarly journals Determinants of household food access among small farmers in the Andes: examining the path

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Leah ◽  
Willy Pradel ◽  
Donald C Cole ◽  
Gordon Prain ◽  
Hilary Creed-Kanashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Agricultural Households

AbstractObjectiveHousehold food access remains a concern among primarily agricultural households in lower- and middle-income countries. We examined the associations among domains representing livelihood assets (human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital) and household food access.DesignCross-sectional survey (two questionnaires) on livelihood assets.SettingMetropolitan Pillaro, Ecuador; Cochabamba, Bolivia; and Huancayo, Peru.SubjectsHouseholds (n570) involved in small-scale agricultural production in 2008.ResultsFood access, defined as the number of months of adequate food provisioning in the previous year, was relatively good; 41 % of the respondents indicated to have had no difficulty in obtaining food for their household in the past year. Using bivariate analysis, key livelihood assets indicators associated with better household food access were identified as: age of household survey respondent (P= 0·05), participation in agricultural associations (P= 0·09), church membership (P= 0·08), area of irrigated land (P= 0·08), housing material (P= 0·06), space within the household residence (P= 0·02) and satisfaction with health status (P= 0·02). In path models both direct and indirect effects were observed, underscoring the complexity of the relationships between livelihood assets and household food access. Paths significantly associated with better household food access included: better housing conditions (P= 0·01), more space within the household residence (P= 0·001) and greater satisfaction with health status (P= 0·001).ConclusionsMultiple factors were associated with household food access in these peri-urban agricultural households. Food security intervention programmes focusing on food access need to deal with both agricultural factors and determinants of health to bolster household food security in challenging lower- and middle-income country contexts.

scholarly journals Impact of Livelihood Assets on Farmland-Transferred Households’ Willingness to Urbanism and Policies Implications for Farmland Transfer: Evidence from Zhejiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyuan You ◽  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Chenmeng Bie ◽  
Deshao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
New Type ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

The rural households who transfer their farmland are more likely to migrate into urban cities in China. Understanding their willingness to urbanism can provide references for promoting China’s new-type urbanization. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study analyzes the effect of livelihood assets on farmland-transferred households’ willingness to urbanism in Zhejiang province in China. The results show that there is no relationship between natural capital (NC) and willingness to urbanism (UI). Statistically significant negative relationships are identified between human capital (HC), financial capital (FC), and social capital (SC), respectively, and UI. Physical capital (PC) has a statistically significant and positive relationship with UI. The findings demonstrate that the farmland transfer characteristics have different effects on farmland-transferred households’ livelihood assets. Benefit of farmland transfer (BFT) has a statistically significant positive influence on HC, FC, and SC. Meanwhile, PC, FC, and SC are positively affected by openness in farmland transfer (OFT). Based on these profiles, Chinese local governments should design more livelihood-oriented policies to help farmland-transferred households raise willingness to urbanism in the process of operation right transfer under Three Rights Separation Policy for farmland.

scholarly journals Determinants of Farm-Level Adoption of Cultural Practices for Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Control in Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Jogo ◽  
Eldad Karamura ◽  
William Tinzaara ◽  
Jerome Kubiriba ◽  
Anne Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt
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