Associations between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and bone mineral acquisition in pubertal children: a 3-year follow-up study in Hamamatsu, Japan

Abstract Background Epidemiological data regarding the association between serum levels of IGF-I and bone mineral acquisition during childhood are scarce. Here, we investigated the association between serum levels of IGF-I and bone status during puberty. Methods We analyzed prospective 3-year follow-up data of 254 community-dwelling children who completed both baselines (at age 11.2 years) and follow-up (at age 14.2 years) surveys in Hamamatsu, Japan. Total body (TB) bone area and bone mineral parameters were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results During the 3-year follow-up period, there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in total body less head (TBLH) areal bone mineral density (aBMD), TBLH bone mineral content (BMC), and TB bone area, and a significant decrease in TB bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, volumetric bone mineral density, vBMD). IGF-I levels showed significant positive relationships with TBLH BMC and TBLH aBMD at both baseline and follow-up. TBLH aBMD in boys and TB BMAD in girls at follow-up showed significant increases from the lowest to highest quartiles of baseline IGF-I levels after adjusting for confounding factors. Similarly, changes in TBLH aBMD in boys and TB BMAD in girls during the 3-year follow-up period showed significant increases from the lowest to highest quartiles of baseline IGF-I levels after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions These results suggest that pubertal children with high levels of serum IGF-I tended to have high bone mineral acquisition later on.

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HRT preserves increases in bone mineral density and reductions in body fat after a supervised exercise program

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1506 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 1506-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Wendy M. Kohrt ◽

Ali A. Ehsani ◽

Stanley J. Birge

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Supervised Exercise ◽

Total Body ◽

Exercise Induced

The aims of this study were to confirm our previous finding that hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) augments exercise-induced increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in older women and to determine whether HRT preserves the adaptations when exercise is reduced or discontinued. The study included an 11-mo treatment phase and a 6-mo follow-up phase. Participants, aged 66 ± 3 yr, were assigned to control (Con; n = 10), exercise (Ex; n = 18), HRT ( n = 10), and Ex+HRT ( n = 16) groups. HRT was continued during the follow-up. After the treatment phase, changes in total body BMD were −0.5 ± 1.7, 1.5 ± 1.4, 1.2 ± 0.8, and 2.7 ± 1.2% in Con, Ex, HRT, and Ex+HRT, respectively. Ex+HRT was more effective than HRT in increasing BMD of the total body and tended ( P = 0.08) to be more effective at the lumbar spine. Ex+HRT was more effective than Ex in increasing BMD of the total body, lumbar spine, and trochanter. Exercise-induced gains in BMD were preserved during the follow-up only in those individuals on HRT. HRT also attenuated fat accumulation, particularly in the abdominal region, after the exercise program. These findings suggest that HRT is an important adjunct to exercise for the prevention not only of osteoporosis but also of diseases related to abdominal obesity.

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The effects of estrogen administration on bone mineral density in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460045 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

MT Munoz ◽

G Morande ◽

JA Garcia-Centenera ◽

F Hervas ◽

J Pozo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Ethinyl Estradiol ◽

Treated Group ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Igf I ◽

Estrogen Administration

OBJECTIVE: Profound osteopenia is a serious complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this work was to study the effect of prolonged AN on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and to determine whether oral estrogen administration prevents bone loss in women with this disorder. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight amenorrheic women with AN (mean age: 17.3 years) were treated with estrogen (50 microg of ethinyl estradiol) and gestagen (0.5 mg of norgestrel) during 1 year. Clinical variations, biochemical indices and BMD were studied at three different time points, including after a period of amenorrhea of at least 12 months (n=38), after the administration of estrogens for 1 year (n=22), and after a 1-year follow-up period (n=12). RESULTS: Initial mean BMD was significantly lower than normal (-2.1+/-0.8 s.d.) and less than -2.5 s.d. below normal in 38% of the women with AN. The estrogen-treated group had no significant change in BMD even after the follow-up period and partial recovery of weight. Estradiol and total IGF-I levels were significantly lower throughout the study. All subjects had normal thyroxine (T(4)) and TSH levels and calcium metabolism. However, total tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) was decreased in all anorexic subjects in the first and second study points and were within normal limits after the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Estrogen replacement alone cannot prevent progressive osteopenia in young women with AN. (2) Other factors, such as the loss of weight, the duration of the amenorrhea and the low levels of total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) could contribute to the loss of bone mass in women with this disorder.

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Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study

Clinical Medicine Insights Oncology ◽

10.1177/1179554917733449 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 117955491773344 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alice Wang ◽

Nishi Karunasinghe ◽

Lindsay Plank ◽

Shuotun Zhu ◽

Sue Osborne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Type I ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

Total Body ◽

Sectional Analysis

Introduction: Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in BMD and associated bone markers in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) managed with and without ADT. Methods: Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal forearm, and one-third distal radius was measured in 88 patients with PCa without bone metastases at baseline and at 6 months. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: (1) acute ADT (≤6 months), (2) chronic ADT (>6 months), (3) former ADT, and (4) no ADT (controls). Serum levels of bone metabolism markers, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), were also measured. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, men receiving chronic ADT had significantly lower total body BMD as compared with former ADT users and men with no ADT. In longitudinal analysis, a significant reduction in ultradistal forearm BMD was observed in both acute and chronic ADT users after 6 months (4.08% and 2.7%, P = .012 and .026, respectively). A significant reduction in total body BMD was observed in acute ADT users (2.99%, P = .032). Former ADT users had a significant increase in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (2.84% and 1.59%, P = .008 and .002, respectively). The changes in BMD were not significantly different between acute and chronic ADT users. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of PINP and CTX were observed in acute and chronic ADT users than former ADT users or PCa controls. In longitudinal analysis, the level of serum PINP and CTX did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months in acute, chronic, and former ADT users, or PCa controls, and the percentage change did not differ among the 4 groups. Conclusions: Men on acute ADT had a similar rate of bone loss to men on chronic ADT. Reversibility in ADT-induced bone loss was observed in those who discontinued ADT. Serum levels of PINP and CTX were higher in acute and chronic ADT users and levels returned to the range of PCa controls when treatment was withdrawn.

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Bone turnover and bone mineral density in young adult patients with panhypopituitarism before and after long-term growth hormone therapy

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1320042 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Rina Balducci ◽

Vincenzo Toscano ◽

Anna M Pasquino ◽

Adele Mangiantini ◽

Giovanna Municchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽

Igf I

Balducci R, Toscano V, Pasquino AM, Mangiantini A, Municchi G, Armenise P, Terracina S, Prossomariti G, Boscherini B. Bone turnover and bone mineral density in young adult partients with panhypopituitarism before and after long-term growth hormone therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:42–6. ISSN 0804–4643 We examined the effects of biosynthetic growth hormone (GH) on biochemical indices of bone turnover and on bone mineral density in a group of GH-deficient adults. Thirteen patients (eight males and five females) aged 24 ± 5 years (range 16–35) were studied before and 12 and 24 months after GH treatment (0.1 IU, kg− day−1, 6 days a week). Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, intact osteocalcin, fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio and bone mineral density (BMD), measured at the lumbar spine by dualphoton absorptiometry, were evaluated. After 12 months of treatment, IGF-I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and the fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio increased significantly. However, after 24 months of therapy, serum levels of osteocalcin decreased to pretreatment values while IGF-I, fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio and alkaline phosphatase remained elevated significantly. No changes were found in parathyroid hormone and calcitonin plasma levels or in BMD either after 12 or 24 months of treatment. These data demonstrate that GH, at the dosage that we used, activates bone turnover during 24 months of therapy in adults with panhypopituitarism, even if a downward trend for osteocalcin became apparent at 24 months. However, this activation in bone turnover was not accompanied by an increase in BMD. We can hypothesize that GH, at the relatively high dosage used, may stimulate osteoclastic activity to a greater extent than osteoblastic activity. It is probable that the dose of GH replacement therapy in adults plays a key role R Balducci, Dipartimento di Sanita Pubblica, Universita "Tor Vergata", Via di Tor Vergata 38, 00173 Roma, Italy

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MO054EFFICACY OF ORAL PHOSPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHILDREN WITH HEREDITARY HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS WITH HYPERCALCIURIA

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab080.0026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Papizh ◽

Larisa Prikhodina ◽

Ekaterina Nikolaeva

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Short Stature ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽

Low Doses ◽

Z Score ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Total Body

Abstract Background and Aims Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH; MIM #241530) is an autosomal recessive renal phosphate-wasting disorder caused by mutations in the SLC34A3/NPT2c gene. HHRH characterized by increased urinary phosphate excretion leading to hypophosphatemic rickets, short stature and elevated serum 1,25(OH)2D levels which result in hypercalciuria leads to nephrocalcinosis/urolithiasis due to enhanced intestinal calcium absorption and reduced PTH-dependent calcium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules. Treatment of HHRH involves administration of oral phosphate supplements alone to normalize of serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), PTH levels, urine calcium excretion for prevention of renal calcifications and progression of rickets. Currently there is no consensus on the optimal dose of oral phosphate in patients with HHRH. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral phosphate supplements in Russian cohort of children with HHRH. Method 9 children (7M/2F) with homozygous (n=6) and compound heterozygous (n=3) SLC34A3 mutations from unrelated families were examined. Treatment with oral phosphate supplements was started at the median age of patients 12.0 (IQR: 9.0; 13.0) years. The median dosage of oral phosphate supplements was 14.1 (IQR: 13.8; 14.8) mg/kg/day based on elemental phosphorus. The duration of follow-up was 36.0 (IQR: 16; 49) months. Blood electrolytes levels, ALP, PTH and 24-hour-urine excretion of calcium were evaluated in all children. ALP Z-scores were calculated using age- and sex-specific mean/standard deviation (SD) lab reference data. Bone mineral density with Z-score were measured in lumbar spine and whole body for all patients using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry device. Molecular genetic analysis was performed in all children using by next generation sequencing. Results The median SD score of height at the first and last follow-up was -1.35 (IQR: -1.8; -0.87) and -1.51 (IQR: -2.0; -0.66) (p=0.6), respectively, short stature had 33.3% (3/9) of patients at first and 44.4% (4/9) at last follow-up (p=0.7). Treatment with low doses of oral phosphate supplements did not led to normalization of serum phosphorus:1.05 (IQR: 0.97; 1.39) vs. 0.93 (IQR: 0.81; 1.27) mmol/l (p=0.13), PTH: 8.3 (IQR: 5.8; 13.8) vs. 12.9 (IQR: 12.0; 16.0) pg/ml (p=0.34), Z-score in lumbar spine: -1.2 (IQR: -2.7; -0.1) vs. -1.8 (IQR: -2.8; -1.1) (p=0.48) and Z-score in total body: -2.1 (IQR -2.6; -1.5) vs. -2.4 (IQR: -3.0; -2.0) (p=0.37). Hypercalciuria had 88.8% (8/9) of children (0.15 (IQR: 0.12; 0.19) mmol/kg/day) at first follow-up and 44.4% (4/9) (0.09 (IQR: 0.08; 0.16) mmol/kg/day) in last examination (p=0.13). ALP blood levels were elevated in all patients (9/9) at first and most recent visit, but ALP Z-score were significant lower at last follow-up: 3.9 (IQR: 1.2; 5.1) vs. 0.57 (IQR: -0.36; 2.1) (p=0.04). There were significant correlations between doses of oral phosphate supplements and ALP Z-score (r=-0.68; p=0.04) and total body Z-score (r=0.78; p=0.03). There was no significant correlations between ALP Z-score and total body Z-score (r=-0.3) or lumbar spine Z-score (r=-0.1). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that treatment of HHRH with low doses (<20 mg/kg/day) of oral phosphorus supplements led to decreasing of ALP Z-score in 7/9 (77.8%) and hypercalciuria in 5/9 (55.6%) of patients. However, that therapy didn’t improve significantly height and severity of rickets, as well didn’t led to normalization of serum phosphorus in children with HHRH. It is therefore conceivable that higher daily doses of phosphate supplements are needed to normalize all clinical and radiological features of disease. Lack of association between ALP Z-score and bone mineral density severity on radiographs limits the value of serum ALP as the indicator of rickets activity.

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Ten-year GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult onset GH deficiency

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02317 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

G Götherström ◽

B-Å Bengtsson ◽

I Bosæus ◽

G Johannsson ◽

J Svensson

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Estrogen Replacement ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Gh Replacement ◽

Igf I ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Body ◽

Sustained Increase

There are few studies that have determined the effects of long-term GH replacement on bone mineral density (BMD) in GH-deficient (GHD) adults. In this study, the effects of 10 years of GH replacement on BMD were assessed in 87 GHD adults using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The results show that GH replacement induced a sustained increase in BMD at all the skeletal sites measured. Introduction: Little is known of the effect of more than 5 years of GH replacement therapy on bone metabolism in GHD adults. Patients and methods: In this prospective, open-label, single-center study, which included 87 consecutive adults (52 men and 35 women; mean age of 44.1 (range 22–74) years) with adulthood onset GHD, the effect of 10 years of GH replacement on BMD was determined. Results: The mean initial dose of GH was 0.98 mg/day. The dose was gradually lowered and after 10 years the mean dose was 0.47 mg/day. The mean insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) SDS increased from 1.81 at baseline to 1.29 at study end. The GH replacement induced a sustained increase in total, lumbar (L2–L4) and femur neck BMD, and bone mineral content (BMC) as measured by DEXA. The treatment response in IGF-I SDS was more marked in men, whereas women had a more marked increase in the total body BMC and the total body z-score. There was a tendency for women on estrogen treatment to have a larger increase in bone mass and density compared with women without estrogen replacement. Conclusions: Ten years of GH replacement in hypopituitary adults induced a sustained, and in some variables even a progressive, increase in bone mass and bone density. The study results also suggest that adequate estrogen replacement is needed in order to have an optimal response in BMD in GHD women.

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Effect of natural menopause on serum levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins: relationship with bone mineral density and lipid metabolism in perimenopausal women

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1360608 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

pp. 608-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Masamichi Nasu ◽

Toshitsugu Sugimoto ◽

Mieko Chihara ◽

Mitsuo Hiraumi ◽

Fumihiko Kurimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Natural Menopause ◽

Perimenopausal Women ◽

Igf I ◽

Igf Binding ◽

Igfbp 3

Abstract The present study was performed to examine the effect of natural menopause on serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP-2) and -3 as well as on bone mass and lipid metabolism in perimenopausal women. One hundred and twenty-one healthy Japanese women, who were 45–55 years old, were studied (71 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women 1–9 years after menopause). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the middle third of the radius by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of IGF-I, but not those of IGFBP-2 or -3, were significantly reduced in the postmenopausal group compared with the premenopausal group. One year after menopause, serum IGF-I levels were significantly lower, and the biochemical markers of bone turnover, such as serum total alkaline phosphatase level and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio, were significantly higher than the premenopausal levels. Serum levels of IGF-I, but not those of IGFBP-2 or-3, were positively correlated with BMD. Serum levels of IGFBP-2, but not those of IGF-I or IGFBP-3, were negatively correlated with body mass index and body weight. Finally, serum levels of IGFBP-3, but not those of IGF-I, were positively correlated with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. The present findings suggest that a rapid decrease in serum IGF-I levels after menopause might be partly involved in bone loss following gonadal failure and that IGFBP-2 and -3 might be related to the regulation of body mass and lipid metabolism during perimenopause respectively, although the mechanisms remain unknown. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 608–616

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Serum GH and IGF-I are significant determinants of bone turnover but not bone mineral density in active acromegaly: a prospective study of more than 70 consecutive patients

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02285 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 155 (5) ◽

pp. 709-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

T Ueland ◽

S L Fougner ◽

K Godang ◽

T Schreiner ◽

J Bollerslev

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Igf I ◽

Active Acromegaly ◽

Total Body ◽

Gonadal Status

Objective: Acromegaly is characterized by a persistent hypersecretion of GH and provides information on long-term effects of GH on bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gonadal status and disease activity on bone metabolism in active acromegaly. Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients with active acromegaly: 40 women and 33 men (50 ± 13 (mean ± s.d.) and 49 ± 10 years respectively) were evaluated and compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls by X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical analysis (markers of disease activity and bone turnover). Results: We found that bone turnover, as evaluated by biochemical bone markers, is coupled and markedly increased in relation to disease activity in active acromegaly. Acromegalic women, but not men, were characterized by an increased bone area and slightly decreased bone mineral content resulting in significantly decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in the ultradistal radius, proximal radius, and total body. No differences in bone turnover or BMD were found between eu-and hypogonadal subjects. Multivariate analysis identified age, BMI, and gender as independent predictors of total BMD in acromegaly. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a decreased total body BMD in women, not men, with active acromegaly, regardless of gonadal status or disease activity. Bone turnover is markedly increased in relation to disease activity, possibly counteracting the anabolic effects of excess GH/IGF-I in these subjects. We suggest more focus on biomechanical analyses when investigating endocrine disorders affecting bone size and distribution between compartments.

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Bone Mineral Density Changes during Weight Regain Following Weight Loss with and without Exercise

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2848

Author(s):

Monica C. Serra ◽

Alice S. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Total Body ◽

And Function

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) over a 6 month follow up (period of weight regain) in overweight, postmenopausal women having previously completed a 6 month weight loss (WL) intervention with and without aerobic exercise (AEX). Women (BMI > 25 kg/m2) underwent VO2max and DEXA scans at baseline, after 6 months of WL or AEX + WL, and at 12 months ad libitum follow up. Both groups lost ~9% body weight from 0 to 6 months and regained ~2% from 6 to 12 months, while losing ~4% of appendicular lean mass (ALM) across the 12-month study duration. VO2max increased 10% from 0 to 6 months and declined 12% from 6 to 12 months for AEX + WL, with no changes for WL. Total body (p < 0.01) and total femur (p = 0.03) BMD decreased similar between groups across time (combined groups: 0–6 months: total body: −1.2% and total femur: −1.2%; 6–12 months: total body: −0.26% and total femur: −0.09%). Less ALM loss and greater VO2max increases during the WL phase were associated with attenuated BMD loss at various anatomical sites during periods of weight regain (6–12 months) p’s < 0.05). Results suggest that BMD loss may continue following WL, despite weight regain. Further, this study adds to the literature by suggesting that preventing declines in muscle quality and function during WL may attenuate the loss of BMD during weight regain. Future studies are needed to identify mechanisms underlying WL-induced bone loss so that effective practices can be designed to minimize the loss of BMD during WL and weight maintenance in older women.

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