scholarly journals Effect on autonomic nervous activity of applying hot towels for 10 s to the back during bed baths

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inaho Shishido ◽  
Issei Konya ◽  
Rika Yano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Autonomic Nervous Activity ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Abstract Background Bed baths are a daily nursing activity to maintain patients’ hygiene. Those may provide not only comfort but also relaxation. Notably, applying a hot towel to the skin for 10 s (AHT10s) during bed baths helped to reduce the risk of skin tears and provided comfort and warmth in previous studies. However, it is still unclear whether autonomic nervous system is affected by bed baths. Thus, this study investigated the effect on the autonomic nervous activity of applying hot towels for 10 s to the back during bed baths. Methods This crossover study had 50 participants (25 men and women each; average age 22.2 ± 1.6 years; average body mass index 21.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2) who took bed baths with and without (control condition: CON) AHT10s on their back. Skin temperature, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Subjective evaluations and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Japanese were also performed. Results A significant interaction of time and bed bath type on skin surface temperature was observed (p < .001). Regarding the means of skin surface temperature at each measurement time point, those for AHT10s were significantly higher than those for CON. Although the total state-anxiety score significantly decreased in both the bed bath types after intervention, the mean values of comfort and warmth were higher for bed baths with AHT10s than for CON (p < .05) during bed baths; AHT10s was significantly higher in warmth than CON after 15 min (p = .032). The interaction and main effects of time on HRV and BP and that of bed bath type were not significant. Conclusion Bed baths that involved AHT10s caused participants to maintain a higher skin temperature and warmer feeling than under the wiping-only condition; they also provided comfort during the interventions. However, the bed baths with AHT10s did not allow participants to reach a relaxed state; moreover, there was no change in autonomic nerve activity. This may be due to participants’ increased anxiety from skin exposure and the intervention being limited to one part of the body.

scholarly journals Does skin surface temperature variation account for Buruli ulcer lesion distribution?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola K. Sexton-Oates ◽  
Andrew J. Stewardson ◽  
Arvind Yerramilli ◽  
Paul D.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Ulcer Lesion

AbstractBackgroundBuruli ulcer is a necrotising infection of skin and soft tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans). Buruli ulcer most often occurs on limbs, and it is hypothesized this is explained by direct exposure to the environment. However, even on exposed areas Buruli ulcer is not randomly distributed. M. ulcerans prefers an in vitro temperature of 30-33°C and growth is inhibited at higher temperatures. This study investigated whether variations in skin surface temperature distribution in healthy volunteers could partly account for Buruli ulcer lesion distribution.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this observational study, a thermal camera (FLIR E8) was used to measure skin surface temperature at the sternal notch and at 44 predetermined locations on the limbs of 18 human participants. Body locations of high, middle and low Buruli ulcer incidence were identified from existing density maps of lesion distribution. Skin temperature of the three incidence location groups were compared, and differences in age and sex groups were also analysed.We found an inverse relationship between skin temperature and lesion distribution, where high incidence locations were significantly cooler and low incidence locations significantly warmer (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.0001). Linear mixed effects regression analysis estimated that skin surface temperature accounts for 9.5% of the variance in Buruli ulcer lesion distribution (marginal R-squared = 0.095). Men had warmer upper and lower limbs than females (Mann-Whitney U test p=0.0003 and p<0.0001 respectively).Conclusions/SignificanceWe have found an inverse relationship between skin temperature and Buruli ulcer lesion distribution, however this association is weak. Additional unknown factors are likely to be involved that explain the majority of the variation in Buruli lesion distribution.Author SummaryBuruli ulcer is a destructive soft tissue infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans. The precise mode of transmission remains unknown. One theory proposes that transmission occurs by direct contact with a contaminated environment. Lesions occur mostly on limbs, and it is hypothesized this is explained by direct exposure to the environment. However even on exposed areas, lesions are not randomly distributed. This study investigated whether skin surface temperature can partly explain Buruli ulcer lesion distribution. We measured the skin surface temperature of 18 healthy participants using a thermal camera and compared temperature distribution to the distribution of Buruli ulcer lesions investigated in a previously published study. We found that there is a negative correlation between skin temperature and Buruli ulcer lesion incidence. However, the association is weak and other factors e.g. clothing choice and insect biting patterns may explain the majority of Buruli ulcer lesion distribution.

scholarly journals Changes in Skin Surface Temperature at An Acupuncture Point with Moxibustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Mei Lin ◽  
Shu-Fang Wang ◽  
Ru-Ping Lee ◽  
Bang-Gee Hsu ◽  
Nu-Man Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rubber Layer

Objective This study evaluates the thermographic changes associated with moxa burner moxibustion at the SP6 acupuncture point to establish an appropriate, safe distance of efficacy for moxibustion. Methods Baseline temperature changes using a moxa burner were obtained for a paper substrate at various distances and times, and the tested with volunteers in a pilot study. A single-group trial was then conducted with 36 healthy women to monitor temperature changes on the body surface at the acupuncture point (SP6). Results Based on the temperature changes seen for the paper substrate and in the pilot study, a distance of 3 cm was chosen as the intervention distance. Moxibustion significantly increased the SP6 point skin surface temperature, with a peak increase of 11°C at 4 min (p <0.001). This study also found that during moxibustion the temperature of the moxa burner's rubber layer and moxa cautery were 56.9±0.9°C and 65.8±1.2°C, as compared to baseline values of 35.1°C and 43.8°C (p<0.001). Conclusions We determined 3 cm was a safe distance between the moxa burner and acupuncture point. Moxibustion can increase the skin surface temperature at the SP6 point. This data will aid traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners in gauging safer treatment distances when using moxibustion treatments.

scholarly journals Alterations in the autonomic nerve activities of prenatal autism model mice treated with valproic acid at different developmental stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kasahara ◽  
Chihiro Yoshida ◽  
Kana Nakanishi ◽  
Miyabi Fukase ◽  
Arisa Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Autonomic Nervous Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairment of social communication, repetitive behavior and restrictive interest. The risk of ASD is strongly associated with the prenatal period; for instance, the administration of valproic acid (VPA) to pregnant mothers increases risk of ASD in the child. Patients with ASD often exhibit an alteration in the autonomic nervous system. In this study, we assessed the autonomic nervous activity at each prenatal developmental stage of model mice of ASD treated with VPA, to clarify the relationship between timing of exposure and ASD symptoms. The assessment of the autonomic nervous activity was performed based on the analysis of electrocardiography data collected from fetal and adult mice. Interestingly, VPA model mouse fetuses exhibited a significantly lower activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, sympathetic nervous activity at P0 was significantly higher. In adult VPA model mice, the parasympathetic activity of female VPA mice was suppressed. Moreover, female VPA mice showed reduced the parasympathetic activity after exposure to restraint stress. These results suggest that the autonomic nervous activity of VPA model mice was altered from the fetal stage, and that the assessment of autonomic nervous activities at an early developmental stage could be useful for the understanding of ASD.

Detection of Atherosclerosis Through Mapping Skin Temperature Variation Caused by Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaques

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging

This paper reports the effects of atherosclerosis plaque on the human cervicum skin surface temperature. The classical Pennes bioheat equation and a 3-D model consisting of cervical vertebra, muscle, and skin layer is adopted to characterize the heat transfer in the cervicum. Since the formation of atherosclerotic plaque is random, several parametric analyses are conducted to simulate actual situations. A medical far-infrared thermal imaging system is employed on two healthy human subjects to evaluate the feasibility of this technique. According to the simulations, there are variations in the temperature contours on the surface of the skin due to the axial variations in thermal parameters between healthy arterial intimae and atherosclerosis plaque. This suggests that far-infrared thermal imaging can be used to detect the marker safely via a noncontact way. Additional parametric studies indicated that the cervicum skin surface temperature distribution discloses the information regarding the plaque such as position, depth, pattern, quantity, and metabolic heat generation, etc. Furthermore, the external thermal conditions and calm physiological state can be implemented to enhance the detection of the plaque via mapping skin temperature. To test this strategy, a far-infrared imaging system was applied to record the dynamic thermal pictures on the cervicum of two human subjects, and the intentional cooling by the alcohol was proposed to improve detection. The thermograph reveals the surface effects of the main blood vessel and organs in the cervicum. The present study sets up a theoretical foundation for using noncontact far-infrared imaging method for a reliable assessment of atherosclerosis plaque without causing any wound or radiation to human body.

Measurement technique and results of evaluating influence of heating microclimate on skin surface temperature in workers engaged into oil thermal mining

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Irina V. May ◽  
Nikolai K. Voznesensky ◽  
Vladimir M. Chigvintsev ◽  
Dmitrii I. Kusnetsov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Heat State

The study was aimed to refine a method evaluating level and dynamics of skin surface temperature as an indicator of heat state in a worker exposed to intermittent influence of workplace ambient high temperatures during a working shift. The measurement technique was automated continuous detection with registration of parameters every 5 seconds and the data backup to memory card. Findings are that actual scenarios of heat load on the workers significantly differ from the calculated ones. Mathematic models of relationships between air temperature and skin temperature were obtained and helped to play various scenarios of the workers’ presence in “heat” zones and evaluate them according to criteria of weighted average and maximal skin temperature. Results are thatoCcupational conditions of workers engaged into underground oil thermal mining necessitate specification and implementation of preventive measures and improved regulatory support, concerning creation of safe microclimate parameters.

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