Enhanced IR Radiative Cooling of Silver Coated PA Textile

Smart textile with IR radiative cooling is of paramount importance for reducing energy consumption and improving the thermal comfort of individuals. However, wearable textile via facile methods for indoor/outdoor thermal management is still challenging. Here we present a novel simple, yet effective method for versatile thermal management via silver-coated polyamide (PA) textile. Infrared transmittance of coated fabric is greatly enhanced by 150% due to the multi-order reflection of silver coating. Based on their IR radiative cooling, indoors and outdoors, the skin surface temperature is lower by 1.1 and 0.9 °C than normal PA cloth, allowing the textile to be used in multiple environments. Moreover, the coated fabric is capable of active warming up under low voltage, which can be used in low-temperature conditions. These promising results exemplify the practicability of using silver-coated textile as a personal thermal management cloth in versatile environments.

1033. Skin Surface Thermal Imaging to Differentiate Cellulitis and Pseudocellulitis in the Emergency Department

Background Cellulitis is misdiagnosed in up to 30% of cases, resulting in overuse of antibiotics. This represents a threat to patient safety and public health. Surface thermal imaging has been proposed as a tool to reduce errors in diagnosing cellulitis. The study objective was to compare skin surface temperature measurements between patients with cellulitis and pseudocellulitis. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with dermatologic lower extremity complaints that involved visible erythema. Using a thermal imaging camera, the maximum temperature value (Tmax) for the affected area of skin and corresponding area on an unaffected limb were captured. The Tmax gradient between the affected and unaffected limb was calculated. Gold standard diagnosis (cellulitis versus pseudocellulitis) was determined by consensus of a blinded, multidisciplinary physician review panel (two infectious disease, two dermatologists and two emergency medicine). Differences in temperature variables (Tmax and Tmax gradient) between cellulitis and pseudocellulitis were compared using t-tests. Results The sample included 204 participants, 59% male with an average age of 57 years. Based on expert panel consensus diagnosis, 92 (45%) of the participants had cellulitis. The cellulitis group had an average Tmax of 33.2°C and 30.2°C for affected and unaffected skin respectively, which was a significant difference of 2.9°C (CI: 2.5 to 3.6; p< 0.001). The difference in the Tmax gradients between patients with cellulitis and pseudocellulitis was 2.08°C (CI: 1.46-2.70; p< 0.001). Conclusion This represents the largest validation study of skin surface temperature differences between cellulitis and pseudocellulitis. Significant difference in temperature gradients between cases of cellulitis and pseudocellulitis suggests thermal imaging could be a useful diagnostic adjunct that can help differentiate these conditions. Such a modality could be particularly helpful in the ED setting where providers must balance diagnostic uncertainty with antimicrobial stewardship principles. Future work will identify the best performing temperature variables and determine optimal cutoff values for use in diagnostic algorithms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Silver coated textile for versatile personal thermal management via multi-order reflections

Personal thermal management (PTM) is of paramount importance for reducing energy consumption and improving the thermal comfort of individuals. However, wearable textile via facile methods for indoor/outdoor PTM is still challenging. Here we present a novel simple yet effective method for versatile PTM via silver coated textile. Infrared transmittance of coated fabric is greatly enhanced by 150% due to the multi-order reflection of silver coating. Based on their IR radiative cooling, in indoor and outdoor, the skin surface temperature is lower by 1.1˚C and 0.9˚C than normal cloth, allowing the textile to be used in multiple environments. Moreover, the coated fabric is capable of active warming up under low voltage, which can be used in low-temperature conditions. These promising results exemplify the practicability of using silver coated textile as a personal thermal management cloth in versatile environments.

Effect of interface pressure and skin surface temperature on pressure injury incidence: a turning schedule pilot study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the interface pressure and skin surface temperature in relation to the incidence of pressure injury (PI) using three different turning schedules. Method: This was a pilot study with a three-armed randomised clinical trial design. Participants at risk of PI and treated in the high dependency care unit in a regional hospital in Makassar, Indonesia participated in this study. Patients were repositioned at three different turning schedules (two-, three- and four-hourly intervals). Interface pressure measurement and skin surface temperature were measured between 14:00 and 18:00 every three days. The incidence of PI was assessed during the two-week observation period. Results: A total of 44 participants took part in the study. A one-way ANOVA test revealed no difference in interface pressure among the three different turning schedule groups within two weeks of observations: day zero, p=0.56; day four, p=0.95; day seven, p=0.56; day 10, p=0.63; and day 14, p=0.92. Although the average periumbilical temperature and skin surface temperature were not significant (p>0.05), comparison between these observation sites was significant on all observation days (p<0.05). Regarding the incidence of PI, the proportional hazard test for the development of PI in the three groups was considered not different (hazard ratio: 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.43–4.87, p=0.54). Conclusion: No difference in interface pressure and incidence of PI on the three turning schedules was observed; however, there was a potential increase in skin surface temperature in comparison with periumbilical temperature for all three turning schedules.

Comparison of the Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Vein Diameter in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Skin in Healthy Racehorses

The aim of the study was to assess differences in the influence of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on the skin surface temperature and vein diameter of the lateral fetlock joint region in a group of racehorses with pigmented and non-pigmented skin in the treatment area. Twenty Thoroughbreds were divided into two equal groups: pigmented and non-pigmented skin groups. Each horse received the same HILT treatment. Just before and immediately after HILT, thermographic examination was performed to measure the skin surface temperature and ultrasonographic examination assessed the lateral digital palmar vein diameter. After HILT, the pigmented skin surface temperature increased, while the non-pigmented skin surface temperature decreased, and the difference between both groups was significant (p < 0.001). The vein diameter increased after HILT in horses with pigmented and non-pigmented skin, but the difference between both groups was not significant (p = 0.14). In conclusion, melanin content in the epidermis plays an important role in light energy absorption and photothermal effects. The vein diameter changes after HILT application indicated that the increase in vessel diameter may partly depend on photothermal mechanisms occurring in irradiated tissue. Further research is necessary to describe the physiological and clinical effects of HILT performed on pigmented and non-pigmented skin.

Exploratory evaluation of muscle strength and skin surface temperature responses to contemporary cryotherapy modalities in sport

BACKGROUND: The effects of contemporary cryo-compression devices on function are limited compared to traditional applications of cooling. Development of cooling protocols are warranted. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of three different cryo-compressive modalities applied at the knee on the isokinetic strength of the quadriceps over a re-warming period. METHODS: Eleven healthy male participants took part (23 ± 14 years; 78.3 ± 14.5 Kg; 180 ± 9.5 cm) randomly assigned to receive all modalities (Game Ready® (GR), Swellaway® (SA), Wetted Ice (WI)) applied for 15-min, separated by 1-week. Skin surface temperature (Ts⁢k) via thermography and the concentric peak moment (PM) of the quadriceps at 60 and 180∘/s were collected pre-, immediately-post and at 20-min post-intervention. RESULTS: Significant reductions occurred in Ts⁢k across all timepoints for all modalities (p=⩽ 0.05). Significant reductions in PM for WI were noted across all timepoints and PM for GR and SA immediately-post (p=⩽ 0.05) only. CONCLUSION: Precaution for immediately returning to sport following cryotherapy is required and influenced by type of cooling on muscle strength responses. Alternate targeted treatment modalities to minimise deferred deleterious effects on muscle strength may be considered. Research into length of application, periodisation and location is warranted for the development of such contemporary cryo-compressive modalities in applied practice.

Thermal Imaging in Evaluation of the Physical Fitness Level

The thermoregulation mechanisms during the physical effort can be easily study by using the thermovision. The thermoregulation mechanisms in human body keep the body core temperature on basic level 37 ± 2 oC. However, the question is if there are any differences in skin surface temperature distribution between trainee sportsmen and amateur. Is there any possibility to show the sportsman level of practise using the thermal imaging? Would it be possible to evaluate the efficiency of athlete or evaluate the level of sports possibilities in average amateur who just wants to start cycle training. To find how the thermoregulation mechanisms work the different measurements were done i.e. during the cyclist endurance test for group of male cyclist (intermediate level of cycling skill) and during the Aerobic Circuit Training (ACT) for trainee and amateur group of women.

Three-dimensional analysis model of electric heating fabrics considering the skin metabolism

In low temperature environment, electric heating clothing can provide extra heat for human body through built-in heat source, so it has better thermal insulation effect. The thermal analysis is the initial step for electric heating clothing design. The current thermal analysis of electric heating textiles focuses on the fabric itself instead of the effect of skin tissue metabolism and heat production. In order to improve the accuracy of skin surface temperature prediction, the biological heat transfer need be modeled to analyze the internal temperature distribution of the heating suit system. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal analysis model of electric heating clothing combined with human skin tissue is established. Firstly, the coupling analysis of Fourier heat conduction and Pennes biological heat transfer equation is carried out. Then the reliability of the 3D thermal analysis model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the fitting error between the three-dimensional model analysis data and FEA simulation data is 5°C, which proves that the model can accurately predict the system temperature. Finally, we make further research about the effects of ambient temperature, clothing layer thickness, and input power on the maximum skin surface temperature. This study provides theoretical foundation for the design of wearable thermal management fabric.