scholarly journals Altered interoception in patients with borderline personality disorder: a study using heartbeat-evoked potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Flasbeck ◽  
Stoyan Popkirov ◽  
Andreas Ebert ◽  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls

Abstract Background Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience difficulties in emotional awareness (alexithymia), and often develop dissociative symptoms, which may reflect broader deficits in interoceptive awareness. Whether this is associated with alterations in cortical processing of interoception is currently unknown. Methods We utilized an electrophysiological marker of interoception, i.e. heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP), and examined its relationship with electrocardiographic correlates of autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning (heart rate variability), and with self-report measures of alexithymia, dissociation and borderline symptom severity in patients with BPD. Results Individuals with BPD had higher HEP amplitudes over frontal electrodes compared to healthy controls. Sympathetic ANS activity was greater in BPD patients than in controls. Across groups, HEP amplitudes were associated with parasympathetic activity over central electrodes and correlated with alexithymia over frontal electrodes. Conclusions These findings support the idea that difficulties in emotional awareness in BPD are reflected in altered frontal electrophysiological markers of interception. Therefore, emotional awareness can be understood as failures of modulation between interoceptive and exteroceptive attention. Future research may aim to investigate whether altered interoception and its electrophysiological correlates are malleable by therapeutic intervention.

Failures to Imagine

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Maxwell ◽  
Steven Jay Lynn ◽  
Scott Lilienfeld
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Mental Imagery

Although interest in the relationship between mental imagery and psychopathology has increased greatly over the last decade, few publications to date have examined relationships between personality-related psychopathology and mental imagery use, abilities, or both. However, we have reason to expect that substantive relationships may exist. For example, studies have consistently linked psychopathy and borderline personality disorder to problems in emotion experience and emotion regulation, and a growing number of studies indicate that deficits in visual mental imagery use and ability in particular may contribute to such problems. Using correlational data from multiple self-report measures of normal and pathological personality functioning and visual mental imagery, our study presents preliminary evidence for lower levels of self-reported visual mental imagery use, abilities, or both among noncriminal individuals with higher levels of self-reported psychopathy and individuals with greater emotional regulation difficulties, a core feature of borderline personality disorder. We also found significant relationships among self-reported visual mental imagery use, ability, or both, and personality variables shown to strongly predict psychopathy and emotional regulation difficulties. Limitations of the study, especially its reliance on a correlational, cross-sectional design, are discussed, and implications for future research are explored.

Self-Compassion Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Scheibner ◽  
Anna Daniels ◽  
Simon Guendelman ◽  
Franca Utz ◽  
Felix Bermpohl
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience difficulties with mindfulness. How mindfulness influences BPD symptoms, however, is still unknown. We hypothesized that the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptoms would be mediated by self-compassion. In study 1, we recruited 29 individuals with BPD and 30 group-matched healthy controls. In study 2, we complemented our results with findings from a larger, nonclinical sample of 89 participants that were recruited during an open-house event at the local university. All participants completed questionnaires assessing self-compassion, mindfulness, BPD symptom severity, and emotion dysregulation. In both studies, self-compassion mediated the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptom severity as well as between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Self-compassion seems to be one psychological process that could explain the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptoms. One promising approach in therapy could be to target self-compassion more directly during mindfulness trainings and interventions.

scholarly journals Emotional Responsiveness in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review of Self-Report and Physiological Measures.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Suman Qaisar
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Emotional Responsiveness ◽  
Current Review

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and interpersonal problems, has historically been conceptualized by generalized heightened intensity and reactivity. However, findings regarding emotional responsiveness in adults with BPD are mixed. The current review aimed to critically assess and compare self-report and physiological research of emotional responsiveness in adults with BPD by electronic searching of relevant databases, with 6 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Specifically, results from self-report and physiological measures are compared in an attempt to synthesize similarities and differences. The results suggest a negativity bias in BPD, indicating that BPD patients exhibit heightened negative emotional reactivity, particularly in response to BPD-specific emotional stimuli. Additionally, limitations of individual studies and of the current review are discussed, with potential directions for future research.

Positive Affect Is Associated With Decreased Symptom Severity in the Daily Lives of Individuals With Borderline Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tine S. D. Harp⊘th ◽  
Johanna Hepp ◽  
Timothy J. Trull ◽  
Anthony W. Bateman ◽  
Mickey T. Kongerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
The Individual

Previous research has repeatedly demonstrated positive associations between negative affect (NA) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in daily life, but studies have rarely addressed potential effects of positive affect (PA). Consequently, little is known about how PA in daily life covaries with symptoms of BPD. The authors assessed the effects of both PA and NA levels on BPD symptom severity in a sample of 81 treatment-seeking women diagnosed with BPD over a period of 21 days, employing a daily diary design. Using multivariate multilevel modeling, the authors obtained negative associations between PA levels and daily BPD severity in total and at the level of the individual symptoms inappropriate anger, affective instability, emptiness, identity disturbance, and paranoid ideation/dissociation. Moreover, the authors replicated previously reported positive associations between NA and BPD severity for all nine symptoms. Future research can address whether increasing PA in the treatment of BPD may potentially help reduce symptom burden.

Affective and Behavioral Characteristics of Adolescent and Adult Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Cardona ◽  
Christina M. Temes ◽  
Laura R. Magni ◽  
Katherine E. Hein ◽  
Blaise A. Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Affective Lability ◽  
Symptom Measures

Adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report greater affective lability, impulsivity, and aggression compared to same-age peers, but no studies have examined whether these findings are replicable among adolescents with BPD and their peers, or whether adolescents and adults with BPD report symptoms of comparable severity. One hundred and one adolescent (age 13–17) BPD inpatients and 60 age-matched, psychiatrically healthy adolescents completed self-report measures for affective lability, impulsivity, and aggression. Comparison samples included 29 and 41 adult outpatients with BPD and 127 community adults with BPD. Adolescents with BPD reported greater severity of all symptoms except nonplanning impulsiveness compared to peers. They reported similar symptom severity to adults but reported less severe verbal aggression and anger. Adolescents with BPD are distinguishable from typically developing adolescents on self-reported, dimensional affective and behavioral symptom measures, and may experience these symptoms at comparable severity to adult counterparts.

Ten-week Intensive Group Program (IGP) for borderline personality disorder: making the case for more accessible and affordable psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. ebmental-2020-300195
Author(s):  
Dervila Gec ◽  
Jillian Helen Broadbear ◽  
David Bourton ◽  
Sathya Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intensive Group

BackgroundThe availability of specialist psychotherapies for treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited by costs associated with training, resourcing and treatment duration. Developing a programme that incorporates effective strategies from a range of evidence-based specialist treatments, concentrates their delivery and uses a group-based format will improve treatment access.ObjectiveTo assess the short-term clinical efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of a bespoke manualised programme for the treatment of BPD. This 10-week group-based outpatient programme was delivered 2 days per week in 4 hour sessions; participants received 80 hours of treatment in total.MethodsForty-three participants, many having severe BPD symptomatology, were assessed before and after the 10-week programme using a range of validated self-report questionnaires and a self-appraisal feedback form. The primary outcome measured was BPD symptom severity.FindingsStatistically significant improvements were measured in BPD symptom severity, depression, trait anxiety, emotional regulation, general health, hopefulness, self-compassion and anger, several with moderate to large effect sizes. Many of these improvements remained at 4–6 months post treatment. More than 90% of surveyed participants expressed a moderate or high level of satisfaction with the programme.ConclusionsThis integrated treatment programme delivered in a highly concentrated format demonstrated short-term efficacy across many BPD-relevant endpoints; its acceptability was endorsed by most clients.Clinical implicationsIncorporation of key aspects of evidence-based treatment using a time-intensive group format could greatly enhance the capacity of mental health services to meet the needs of people who experience BPD within a population-based mental health service framework.

Emotion-Oriented Coping Style Predicts Self-Harm in Response to Acute Psychiatric Hospitalization

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Frei ◽  
Vladimir Sazhin ◽  
Melissa Fick ◽  
Keong Yap
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract. Psychiatric hospitalization can cause significant distress for patients. Research has shown that to cope with the stress, patients sometimes resort to self-harm. Given the paucity of research on self-harm among psychiatric inpatients, a better understanding of transdiagnostic processes as predictors of self-harm during psychiatric hospitalization is needed. The current study examined whether coping styles predicted self-harm after controlling for commonly associated factors, such as age, gender, and borderline personality disorder. Participants were 72 patients (mean age = 39.32 years, SD = 12.29, 64% male) admitted for inpatient treatment at a public psychiatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants completed self-report measures of coping styles and ward-specific coping behaviors, including self-harm, in relation to coping with the stress of acute hospitalization. Results showed that younger age, diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, and higher emotion-oriented coping were associated with self-harm. After controlling for age and borderline personality disorder, higher levels of emotion-oriented coping were found to be a significant predictor of self-harm. Findings were partially consistent with hypotheses; emotion-oriented but not avoidance-oriented coping significantly predicted self-harm. This finding may help to identify and provide psychiatric inpatients who are at risk of self-harm with appropriate therapeutic interventions.

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