Rational design of photocatalysts for ammonia production from water and nitrogen gas

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction has emerged as one of the most attractive routes to produce NH3 as a useful commodity for chemicals used in industries and as a carbon-free energy source. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding, exploring, and designing efficient photocatalyst. In this review, we outline the important mechanistic and experimental procedures for photocatalytic NH3 production. In addition, we review effective strategies on development of photocatalysts. Finally, our analyses on the characteristics and modifications of photocatalysts have been summarized, based on which we discuss the possible future research directions, particularly on preparing more efficient catalysts. Overall, this review provides insights on improving photocatalytic NH3 production and designing solar-driven chemical conversions.

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Desegregating HRM: A Review and Synthesis of Micro and Macro Human Resource Management Research

Journal of Management ◽

10.1177/014920630202800302 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 247-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 501

Author(s):

Patrick M. Wright ◽

Wendy R. Boswell

Keyword(s):

Two Dimensions ◽

Future Research ◽

Management Research ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Individual Group ◽

Research Directions ◽

Integrative View ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Or Organization ◽

Level Of Analysis

Since the early 1980s the field of HRM has seen the independent evolution of two independent subfields (strategic and functional), which we believe is dysfunctional to the field as a whole. We propose a typology of HRM research based on two dimensions: level of analysis (individual/group or organization) and number of practices (single or multiple). We use this framework to review the recent research in each of the four subareas. We argue that while significant progress has been made within each area, the potential for greater gains exists by looking across each area. Toward this end we suggest some future research directions based on a more integrative view of HRM. We believe that both areas can contribute significantly to each other resulting in a more profound impact on the field of HRM than each can contribute independently.

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Eating Disorders and Obesity: The Challenge for Our Times

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phillipa Hay ◽

Deborah Mitchison

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Future Research ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Special Issue ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Research Papers ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Made In

Public health concerns largely have disregarded the important overlap between eating disorders and obesity. This Special Issue addresses this neglect and points to how progress can be made in preventing and treating both. Thirteen primary research papers, three reviews, and two commentaries comprise this Special Issue. Two commentaries set the scene, noting the need for an integrated approach to prevention and treatment. The empirical papers and reviews fall into four broad areas of research: first, an understanding of the neuroscience of eating behaviours and body weight; second, relationships between disordered eating and obesity risk; third, new and integrated approaches in treatment; and fourth, assessment. Collectively, the papers highlight progress in science, translational research, and future research directions.

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Teachers Using Disruptive Methodologies in Teaching and Learning to Foster Learner Skills

10.4018/978-1-7998-8645-7.ch001 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Abueng R. Molotsi ◽

Leila Goosen

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Teacher Knowledge ◽

Content Knowledge ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Final Section ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

North West ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Made In

The purpose of the project introduced in this chapter is stated as investigating in what ways teachers are using disruptive methodologies in teaching and learning to foster learners' transversal skills in the Dinaledi cluster of Bojanala District, North West Province, South Africa. To summarize, the content of this chapter will provide readers with an overview in terms of background built on technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) as a framework for teachers. Contemporary issues in terms of tracing the development of teacher knowledge with regard to integrating technology, pedagogy, and content are also discussed, as well as solutions and recommendations to be made in this regard. Future research directions within the domain of the topic will also be suggested. The final section of the chapter will provide a discussion of the overall coverage of the chapter and concluding remarks.

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Can an attribution assessment be made for Yellow Rain? Systematic reanalysis in a chemical-and-biological-weapons use investigation

Politics and the Life Sciences ◽

10.2990/26_1_24 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 24-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rebecca Katz ◽

Burton Singer

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Information Extraction ◽

Large Body ◽

Biological Weapons ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Chemical And Biological Weapons ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Made In

In intelligence investigations, such as those into reports of chemical- or biological-weapons (CBW) use, evidence may be difficult to assemble and, once assembled, to weigh. We propose a methodology for such investigations and then apply it to a large body of recently declassified evidence to determine the extent to which an attribution can now be made in the Yellow Rain case. Our analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that CBW were used in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan in the late 1970s and early 1980s, although a definitive judgment cannot be made. The proposed methodology, while resource-intensive, allows evidence to be assembled and analyzed in a transparent manner so that assumptions and rationale for decisions can be challenged by external critics. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions, emphasizing the use of evolving information-extraction (IE) technologies, a sub-field of artificial intelligence (AI).

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A Survey of Supervised Learning Models for Spiking Neural Network

Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcos/2021/v9i430228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-49

Author(s):

Moses Apambila Agebure ◽

Paula Aninyie Wumnaya ◽

Edward Yellakuor Baagyere

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Supervised Learning ◽

Second Generation ◽

Future Research ◽

Learning Models ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Difference ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Made In

There has been a significant attempt to derive supervised learning models for training Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), which is the third and most recent generation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Supervised SNN learning models are considered more biologically plausible and thus exploits better the computational efficiency of biological neurons and also, are less computationally expensive than second generation ANN. SNN models have also produced competitive performance in most tasks when compared to second generation ANNs. These advantages, coupled with the difficulty in adopting the well established learning models for second generation networks to train SNN due to the difference in information coding led to the recent introduction of supervised learning models for training SNN. However, lack of comprehensive source of literature detailing strides made in this area, and the challenges and prospects of SNN serves as a hindrance to further exploration and application of SNN models. A comprehensive review of supervised learning methods in SNN is presented in this paper in which some widely used SNN neural models, learning models and their basic concepts, areas of applications, limitations, prospects and future research directions are discussed. The main contribution of this paper is that it presents and discusses trends in supervised learning in SNNwith the aim of providing a reference point for those desiring further knowledge and application of SNN methods.

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Research Progress in the Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Marine Polyether Toxins

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17100594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiukun Wan ◽

Ge Yao ◽

Yanli Liu ◽

Jisheng Chen ◽

Hui Jiang

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

New Drugs ◽

Research Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Red Tides ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Marine Dinoflagellates ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Made In

Marine polyether toxins, mainly produced by marine dinoflagellates, are novel, complex, and diverse natural products with extensive toxicological and pharmacological effects. Owing to their harmful effects during outbreaks of marine red tides, as well as their potential value for the development of new drugs, marine polyether toxins have been extensively studied, in terms of toxicology, pharmacology, detection, and analysis, structural identification, as well as their biosynthetic mechanisms. Although the biosynthetic mechanisms of marine polyether toxins are still unclear, certain progress has been made. In this review, research progress and current knowledge on the biosynthetic mechanisms of polyether toxins are summarized, including the mechanisms of carbon skeleton deletion, pendant alkylation, and polyether ring formation, along with providing a summary of mined biosynthesis-related genes. Finally, future research directions and applications of marine polyether toxins are discussed.

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