scholarly journals Using light-level geolocations to monitor incubation behaviour of a cavity-nesting bird Apus apus pekinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractThe Beijing Swift (Apus apus pekinensis) is a typical cavity-nesting bird that often nests inside holes and crevices in old architectures. Direct observation of their breeding behaviour is challenging and their breeding ecology is thus poorly studied. In this study, we analysed light-level geolocation data collected from six Beijing Swifts for the first time. Our results showed that geolocators can make comprehensive inference of their incubation period and behaviour. As a cost-effective and non-invasive method, geolocators can not only facilitate discovering migration routes, but also can be widely applied in the study of avian reproductive behaviour, especially in cavity-nesting bird species. We further discussed the characteristics and merits of this method and compared with other conventional nest-monitoring methods in recording birds.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Method for In-Service Induction Motor Efficiency Estimation Based on Sound Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3757
Author(s):  
Júlio César da Silva ◽  
Thyago Leite de Vasconcelos Lima ◽  
José Anselmo de Lucena Júnior ◽  
Gabriela Jordão Lyra ◽  
Filipe Vidal Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
System A ◽  
Motor Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Induction motors (IMs) are present in practically all production processes and account for two-thirds of the energy consumption in industrial settings. Therefore, monitoring them is essential to prevent accidents, optimize production, and increase energy efficiency. Monitoring methods found in the literature require a certain level of invasiveness, causing some applications to be unfeasible. In the present study, a new completely non-invasive method implemented in an embedded system performs the embedded processing of the sound signal emitted by an in-service IM to estimate speed, torque, and efficiency. Motor speed is estimated from the analysis in the frequency domain using the Fourier Transform. Torque and efficiency are estimated from the speed and motor nameplate information. To perform the tests and validate the proposed method/system, a workbench with a controllable torque was used. The workbench was also equipped to allow the results to be compared with the airgap torque method. The results indicate a high accuracy for the nominal load (error of approximately 1%) in the measurement of the efficiency and torque, and a mean relative error of 0.2% for the speed.

scholarly journals Non Invasive Treatment to Relieve the Pain due to Headaches & Sinus using Vibration on Acupressure Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Head Neck

Headache is a common term that causes pain in the region of head, neck, and scalp. It is a neurological disorder. The nerves are tending to be in under stress condition. The main causes of the headache are due to stress, depression, tension, anxiety and due to some climatic changes, etc. Headache is classified into different types. Migraine, cluster headache, sinus, normal headache are some of the types of headache. Most headaches can be treated with some medication and neuro stimulator devices. This paper involves the usage of vibration by non-invasive method on the acupressure point of the human body which can relief the pain. The acupressure point is a pressure point, when used in a correct method will lead to decrease the level of pain. The vibration is provided by the motor vibrator and the frequency of the vibration is controlled by the arduino (Atmega 328). Frequency changes can be monitored by the pc. This vibration based treatment will effectively reduce the pain and also the device is cost effective and more comfortable to the patient.

A Fluid-Structure Interaction Model of Atherosclerosis at Abdominal Aorta

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Rawi ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Stress Phase Angle

Atherosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease that is a major contributing factor to death and disability worldwide. This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models as a cost effective and non-invasive method to determine the location and condition of atherosclerosis segments on the arterial wall. It also investigates changes in the abdominal aorta geometry including the inner and outer diameters, the length of the disease segments and the thickness of the arterial wall on the development of disease. Three groups of unhealthy conditions are assumed with each group having eight cases, which are compared to the control case of healthy condition. An invasive catheter pulsatile blood flow is imposed at the ascending aorta and pressure waveforms data is imposed at the four outlets of the aorta and also used to validate the present models. The results show that the stress phase angle at the brachial artery could be correlated to the early stages of atherosclerosis development at the abdominal aorta. This can be detected by measured values of the systolic wall shear stress and elastic strain intensity which increases due to the forward pulse wave resulting from atherosclerosis, while the diastolic values of stresses decreases due to the delay of the backward waves which reach the brachial artery. The three scenarios of atherosclerosis show that the forward and backward waves, which can be attributed to changes in the diameter, length and thickness of the abdominal aorta, can be non-invasively used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Using a Microwave Sensor as an Online Indicator of Neurological Impairment during Surgical Procedures

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H. Goh ◽  
Alex Mason ◽  
Mark Field ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Ahmed Al-Shamma'a
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Online Methods

Lactate is known to be an indicator of neurological impairment during aortic aneurysm surgery. It is suggested that analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed during such surgery could provide useful information in this regard. Medical professionals find the prospect of online detection of such analytes exciting, as current practice is time consuming and leads to multiple invasive procedures. Advancing from the current laboratory based analysis techniques to online methods could provide the basis for improved treatment regimes, better quality of care, and enhanced resource efficiency within hospitals. Accordingly, this article considers the use of a low power microwave sensor to detect varying lactate concentrations. Microwave sensors provide a rapid non-invasive method of material analysis, which is robust, cost-effective, and has huge potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Visualization of Local Concentration and Viscosity Distribution during Glycerol-Water Mixing in a Y-Shape Minichannel: A Proof-of-Concept-Study

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Isabel Medina ◽  
Julian Deuerling ◽  
Pooja Kumari ◽  
Stephan Scholl ◽  
Matthias Rädle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Invasive Method

The work presents an efficient and non-invasive method to visualize the local concentration and viscosity distribution of two miscible and non-reacting substances with a significant viscosity difference in a microchannel with a Y-shape cell. The proof-of-concept setup consists of a near-infrared (NIR) camera and cost-effective dome lighting with NIR light-emitting diodes (LED) covering the wavelength range of 1050 to 1650 nm. Absorption differences of glycerol and water and their mixtures with a mass fraction of glycerol from 0 to 0.95 gGlycgtotal−1 were analyzed in the NIR spectral area. The resulting measurement images were converted in a concentration profile by using absorbance calculated with Lambert–Beer law. A linear behavior between the concentration and the absorption coefficient is demonstrated. The result of local concentration in mass fraction was used to determine the local viscosity and illustrated as distribution images. By variating the fluid parameters, the influences of the highly different original viscosities in the mixing procedure were investigated and visualized.

scholarly journals Automatic detection of fish and tracking of movement for ecology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lopez-Marcano ◽  
Eric Jinks ◽  
Christina Buelow ◽  
Christopher J Brown ◽  
Dadong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Detection And Tracking

1. Animal movement studies are conducted to monitor ecosystem health, understand ecological dynamics and address management and conservation questions. In marine environments, traditional sampling and monitoring methods to measure animal movement are invasive, labour intensive, costly, and measuring movement of many individuals is challenging. Automated detection and tracking of small-scale movements of many animals through cameras are possible. However, automated techniques are largely untested in field conditions, and this is hampering applications to ecological questions. 2. Here, we aimed to test the ability of computer vision algorithms to track small-scale movement of many individuals in videos. We apply the method to track fish movement in the field and characterize movement behaviour. First, we automated the detection of a common fisheries species (yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis) from underwater videos of individuals swimming along a known movement corridor. We then tracked fish movement with three types of tracking algorithms (MOSSE, Seq-NMS and SiamMask), and evaluated their accuracy at characterizing movement. 3. We successfully detected yellowfin bream in a multi-species assemblage (F1 score = 91%). At least 120 of the 169 individual bream present in videos were correctly identified and tracked. The accuracies among the three tracking architectures varied, with MOSSE and SiamMask achieving an accuracy of 78%, and Seq-NMS 84%. 4. By employing these emerging computer vision technologies, we demonstrated a non-invasive and reliable approach to studying fish behaviour by tracking their movement under field conditions. These cost-effective technologies potentially will allow future studies to scale-up analysis of movement across many underwater visual monitoring systems.

scholarly journals MR Quantification of Flow in Children with Vascular Malformations

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
K.J. Poskitt ◽  
T. Marotta ◽  
C. Haw ◽  
D. Cochrane ◽  
P. Steinbok
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Stereotactic Radiation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Flow Through

The evaluation of treatments such as embolization, stereotactic radiation, and even surgery would be enhanced by an objective method of measuring flow in feeding arteries or draining veins. We developed a non-invasive method of measuring vascular flow using cardiac gated phase contrast MR angiography (MR Q flow). The purpose of this work was to employ the same technique in a series of patients with vascular malformations of the head and neck. We selected a series of vascular malformations with simple arterial and venous architecture and significantly smaller vessel diameters than that encountered with Vein of Galen Malformations. Our aim was to determine the reproducibility of the derived flow values by using multiple velocity encoded sequences (VENC) and compare the values derived from the arterial feeders to the venous outflow data. There are inherent technical difficulties with assessing flow through multiple arterial feeders or draining veins, so the technique is most easily applied to AVMs with simple, easily defined feeding arteries or draining veins. Nonetheless, this technique is relatively straightforward to learn, rapid, cost-effective and may provide an objective means to assess therapeutic maneuvers when applied to head and neck vascular malformations.

Locating an ice-covered Antarctic landfill using ground magnetometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Freidman ◽  
Danielle Camenzuli ◽  
Mark Lackie
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibilities ◽  
North West ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Antarctic Research

AbstractAt former Antarctic research stations, legacy waste often remains in situ and concealed by ice. Consequently, the location, characteristics and potential environmental impact associated with legacy waste remains poorly documented. This study applies ground magnetometry to map the spatial extent of the landfill at the abandoned Wilkes Station. Magnetic anomalies indicate that the landfill extends north-west to south-east and is close to, and perhaps prograding into, the ocean. The landfill is characterized by large magnetic variations of > 1500 nT with asymmetrical magnetic anomalies which suggest variable orientations of material and random dumping. Magnetic susceptibilities > 0.02SI units beyond the landfill area reveal elevated magnetic properties of the basement geology. However, a contrast in anomaly shape reliably distinguishes large anomalies generated by landfill material. Surface and subsurface melt streams (observed at the shoreline) flowing from the survey area suggest elevated potential for metal contamination of the nearshore and marine environment. The survey demonstrates a cost-effective and non-invasive method for gathering information to guide the clean up of landfills beneath ice.

scholarly journals Comparison of ORAGENE® and Mouthwashed-Based Saliva Collection Methods for Genomic DNA Isolation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genomic Dna Isolation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Methods

In recent years, saliva has been used as a non-invasive method of obtaining genomic DNA. Two common collection methods include mouthwash and commercially produced saliva kits. Here, a novel comparison between these two collection methods, using Scope® mouthwash and the Oragene®-Discover kit (OGR-250) from DNA Genotek Inc., was conducted to analyze differences in the quantity and quality of the DNA isolated, and cost effectiveness. The Oragene® kit yielded greater quantity of DNA, while Scope® mouthwash was more cost effective. The difference in yield was attributed to the larger volume of saliva obtained from the Oragene® kit. Isolation from both collection methods resulted in similar DNA quality.    Depuis quelques années, la salive est utilisée comme une méthode non-invasive pour obtenir de l’ADN génomique. Deux méthodes de collection communes sont par rince-bouche et par des trousses commerciales de collection de salive. Ici, une comparaison entre ces deux méthodes, utilisant la rince-bouche Scope et la trousse Oragene-Discover (OGR-250) de DNA Genotek Ink, a été conduite afin d’analyser les différences dans la quantité et la qualité d’ADN isolée ainsi que dans l’efficacité du coût.  La trousse Oragene a recueilli plus d’ADN, alors que Scope était moins cher. La différence en quantité est attribuée au plus grand volume de salive qui est obtenu grâce à l’Oragene. L’isolation par les deux méthodes résultait en une qualité similaire d’ADN.

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