scholarly journals Using a Microwave Sensor as an Online Indicator of Neurological Impairment during Surgical Procedures

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H. Goh ◽  
Alex Mason ◽  
Mark Field ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Ahmed Al-Shamma'a
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Online Methods

Lactate is known to be an indicator of neurological impairment during aortic aneurysm surgery. It is suggested that analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed during such surgery could provide useful information in this regard. Medical professionals find the prospect of online detection of such analytes exciting, as current practice is time consuming and leads to multiple invasive procedures. Advancing from the current laboratory based analysis techniques to online methods could provide the basis for improved treatment regimes, better quality of care, and enhanced resource efficiency within hospitals. Accordingly, this article considers the use of a low power microwave sensor to detect varying lactate concentrations. Microwave sensors provide a rapid non-invasive method of material analysis, which is robust, cost-effective, and has huge potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of ORAGENE® and Mouthwashed-Based Saliva Collection Methods for Genomic DNA Isolation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genomic Dna Isolation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Methods

In recent years, saliva has been used as a non-invasive method of obtaining genomic DNA. Two common collection methods include mouthwash and commercially produced saliva kits. Here, a novel comparison between these two collection methods, using Scope® mouthwash and the Oragene®-Discover kit (OGR-250) from DNA Genotek Inc., was conducted to analyze differences in the quantity and quality of the DNA isolated, and cost effectiveness. The Oragene® kit yielded greater quantity of DNA, while Scope® mouthwash was more cost effective. The difference in yield was attributed to the larger volume of saliva obtained from the Oragene® kit. Isolation from both collection methods resulted in similar DNA quality.    Depuis quelques années, la salive est utilisée comme une méthode non-invasive pour obtenir de l’ADN génomique. Deux méthodes de collection communes sont par rince-bouche et par des trousses commerciales de collection de salive. Ici, une comparaison entre ces deux méthodes, utilisant la rince-bouche Scope et la trousse Oragene-Discover (OGR-250) de DNA Genotek Ink, a été conduite afin d’analyser les différences dans la quantité et la qualité d’ADN isolée ainsi que dans l’efficacité du coût.  La trousse Oragene a recueilli plus d’ADN, alors que Scope était moins cher. La différence en quantité est attribuée au plus grand volume de salive qui est obtenu grâce à l’Oragene. L’isolation par les deux méthodes résultait en une qualité similaire d’ADN.

scholarly journals Influence of hyperbaric oxygenation and its use in urinary tract diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Skiba ◽  
Agnieszka Pedrycz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Hyperbaric Therapy

Abstract In this publication, we adduce examples of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in urinary tract diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proved to have a positive influence on the kidneys of animals with diabetes, sepsis or undergoing chemotherapy. In the literature, we can also find many examples of the use of hyperbaric therapy with good clinical outcomes in human patients with prostatic hypertrophy, pyelonephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The first trials of this kind of treatment of urinary tract diseases were started at the end of the twentieth century. In spite of the promising results, and numerous reports on the effectiveness of this non-invasive method of treatment, it is not currently used on a regular basis. Because many factors such as time, multiple applications, the parameters used in the hyperbaric chamber as well as the medications taken by the patient affect the quality of the result, further studies are needed to make hyperbaric therapy more suitable and safer for each patient.

scholarly journals Nanoemulsion: A Review on Mechanisms for the Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia S. Shaker ◽  
Rania A. H. Ishak ◽  
Amira Ghoneim ◽  
Muaeid A. Elhuoni
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preservative Free

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are colloidal dispersions of two immiscible liquids, oil and water, in which one is dispersed in the other with the aid of a surfactant/co-surfactant mixture, either forming oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) nanodroplets systems, with droplets 20–200 nm in size. NEs are easy to prepare and upscale, and they show high variability in their components. They have proven to be very viable, non-invasive, and cost-effective nanocarriers for the enhanced transdermal delivery of a wide range of active compounds that tend to metabolize heavily or suffer from undesirable side effects when taken orally. In addition, the anti-microbial and anti-viral properties of NE components, leading to preservative-free formulations, make NE a very attractive approach for transdermal drug delivery. This review focuses on how NEs mechanistically deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs through skin layers to reach the blood stream, exerting the desired therapeutic effect. It highlights the mechanisms and strategies executed to effectively deliver drugs, both with o/w and w/o NE types, through the transdermal way. However, the mechanisms reported in the literature are highly diverse, to the extent that a definite mechanism is not conclusive.

scholarly journals Non Invasive Treatment to Relieve the Pain due to Headaches & Sinus using Vibration on Acupressure Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Head Neck

Headache is a common term that causes pain in the region of head, neck, and scalp. It is a neurological disorder. The nerves are tending to be in under stress condition. The main causes of the headache are due to stress, depression, tension, anxiety and due to some climatic changes, etc. Headache is classified into different types. Migraine, cluster headache, sinus, normal headache are some of the types of headache. Most headaches can be treated with some medication and neuro stimulator devices. This paper involves the usage of vibration by non-invasive method on the acupressure point of the human body which can relief the pain. The acupressure point is a pressure point, when used in a correct method will lead to decrease the level of pain. The vibration is provided by the motor vibrator and the frequency of the vibration is controlled by the arduino (Atmega 328). Frequency changes can be monitored by the pc. This vibration based treatment will effectively reduce the pain and also the device is cost effective and more comfortable to the patient.

Peripheral neuropathic pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-283
Author(s):  
Douglas Murphy ◽  
Denise Lester ◽  
F. Clay Smither ◽  
Ellie Balakhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Neuropathic pain (NP) can have either central nervous system causes or ones from the peripheral nervous system. This article will focus on the epidemiology, classifications, pathology, non-invasive treatments and invasive treatments as a general review of NP involving the peripheral nervous system. NP has characteristic symptomatology such as burning and electrical sensations. It occurs in up to 10% of the general population. Its frequency can be attributed to its occurrence in neck and back pain, diabetes and patients receiving chemotherapy. There are a wide range of pharmacologic options to control this type of pain and when such measures fail, numerous interventional methods can be employed such as nerve blocks and implanted stimulators. NP has a cost to the patient and society in terms of emotional consequences, quality of life, lost wages and the cost of assistance from the medical system and thus deserves serious consideration for prevention, treatment and control.

A Fluid-Structure Interaction Model of Atherosclerosis at Abdominal Aorta

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Rawi ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Stress Phase Angle

Atherosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease that is a major contributing factor to death and disability worldwide. This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models as a cost effective and non-invasive method to determine the location and condition of atherosclerosis segments on the arterial wall. It also investigates changes in the abdominal aorta geometry including the inner and outer diameters, the length of the disease segments and the thickness of the arterial wall on the development of disease. Three groups of unhealthy conditions are assumed with each group having eight cases, which are compared to the control case of healthy condition. An invasive catheter pulsatile blood flow is imposed at the ascending aorta and pressure waveforms data is imposed at the four outlets of the aorta and also used to validate the present models. The results show that the stress phase angle at the brachial artery could be correlated to the early stages of atherosclerosis development at the abdominal aorta. This can be detected by measured values of the systolic wall shear stress and elastic strain intensity which increases due to the forward pulse wave resulting from atherosclerosis, while the diastolic values of stresses decreases due to the delay of the backward waves which reach the brachial artery. The three scenarios of atherosclerosis show that the forward and backward waves, which can be attributed to changes in the diameter, length and thickness of the abdominal aorta, can be non-invasively used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Label-free imaging for quality control of cardiomyocyte differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongcheng Qian ◽  
Tiffany M. Heaster ◽  
Angela R. Houghtaling ◽  
Kexin Sun ◽  
Kayvan Samimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Differentiation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Density Concentration

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes provide a promising regenerative cell therapy for cardiovascular patients and an important model system to accelerate drug discovery. However, cost-effective and time-efficient platforms must be developed to evaluate the quality of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes during biomanufacturing. Here, we develop a non-invasive label-free live cell imaging platform to predict the efficiency of hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Autofluorescence imaging of metabolic co-enzymes is performed under varying differentiation conditions (cell density, concentration of Wnt signaling activator) across five hPSC lines. Live cell autofluorescence imaging and multivariate classification models provide high accuracy to separate low (< 50%) and high (≥ 50%) differentiation efficiency groups (quantified by cTnT expression on day 12) within 1 day after initiating differentiation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.91). This non-invasive and label-free method could be used to avoid batch-to-batch and line-to-line variability in cell manufacturing from hPSCs.

scholarly journals Optical Methods Based on Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectra to Estimate Fat and Protein in Raw Milk: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Gastélum-Barrios ◽  
Genaro M. Soto-Zarazúa ◽  
Axel Escamilla-García ◽  
Manuel Toledano-Ayala ◽  
Gonzalo Macías-Bobadilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Increase Productivity

The present manuscript focuses on reviewing the optical techniques proposed to monitor milk quality in dairy farms to increase productivity and reduce costs. As is well known, the quality is linked to the fat and protein concentration; in addition, this issue is crucial to maintaining a healthy herd and preventing illnesses such as mastitis and ketosis. Usually, the quality of the milk is carried out with invasive methods employing chemical reagents that increase the time analysis. As a solution, several spectroscopy optical methods have been proposed, here, the benefits such as non-invasive measurement, online implementation, rapid estimation, and cost-effective execution. The most attractive optical methods to estimate fat and protein in cow’s milk are compared and discussed considering their performance. The analysis is divided considering the wavelength operation (ultraviolet, visible, and infrared). Moreover, the weaknesses and strengths of the methods are fully analyzed. Finally, we provide the trends and a recent technique based on spectroscopy in the visible wavelength.

Investigating a Non-Invasive Method of Measuring the Quality of Latent Hazard Schemas of Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Katrahmani ◽  
Matthew Romoser ◽  
Siby Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Schema Development ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Hazardous Element ◽  
Experienced Adult

The main objective of this study was to investigate the development of a non-invasive tool for assessing the quality of a driver’s latent hazard schema. Verbal and eye tracking protocols were mapped to Endsley’s model of situation awareness (SA) as a means of measuring schema development. Participants were asked to drive a simulator with various hazard scenarios. Verbal protocol results showed that teenswere less likely to verbally associate subtle cues and accurately state what ‘could happen’. The verbal protocols of teens consisted primarily of simple statements of what was happening and what they were currently doing. Whereas, experienced drivers’ verbal protocols indicated higher levels of processing of the driving environment and contained projections of what could happen. In mapping driver commentary and eye glances for potential hazards in which the hazardous element is hidden from view, experienced adult drivers achieved overall higher level of situation awareness than teen drivers.

Psychophysiological comorbidity and computerized biofeedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pop-Jordanova ◽  
J. Pop-Jordanov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Applied Psychophysiology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Psychophysiological Disorders ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Our previous research on basic and applied psychophysiology comprised the quantum model for subcellular brain processes, the psychosomatic health risk assessment and management, as well as the electrodermal biofeedback psychometrics and therapy. Based on this experience, in the present paper the stress-related psychophysiological disorders in patients dependent on hemodialysis and insulin are considered. The most frequent comorbid psychological disorders appeared to be anxiety and depression, and they are generally under-diagnosed and under-treated. It is concluded that the quality of life of these patients needs to be considerably enhanced. The application of biofeedback, as a complementary cost-effective and non-invasive psychophysiological tool is recommended. In terms of ESAO vocabulary, this technique could be viewed as some kind of artificial ANS/CNS support. Simultaneously, the concept of biocompatibility may be viewed in a larger perspective as “psychobiocompatibility”.

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