scholarly journals Visualization of Local Concentration and Viscosity Distribution during Glycerol-Water Mixing in a Y-Shape Minichannel: A Proof-of-Concept-Study

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Isabel Medina ◽  
Julian Deuerling ◽  
Pooja Kumari ◽  
Stephan Scholl ◽  
Matthias Rädle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Invasive Method

The work presents an efficient and non-invasive method to visualize the local concentration and viscosity distribution of two miscible and non-reacting substances with a significant viscosity difference in a microchannel with a Y-shape cell. The proof-of-concept setup consists of a near-infrared (NIR) camera and cost-effective dome lighting with NIR light-emitting diodes (LED) covering the wavelength range of 1050 to 1650 nm. Absorption differences of glycerol and water and their mixtures with a mass fraction of glycerol from 0 to 0.95 gGlycgtotal−1 were analyzed in the NIR spectral area. The resulting measurement images were converted in a concentration profile by using absorbance calculated with Lambert–Beer law. A linear behavior between the concentration and the absorption coefficient is demonstrated. The result of local concentration in mass fraction was used to determine the local viscosity and illustrated as distribution images. By variating the fluid parameters, the influences of the highly different original viscosities in the mixing procedure were investigated and visualized.

Measurement of Peripheral Venous Oxygen Saturation in the Leg Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wertheim ◽  
R. Salaman ◽  
J. Melhuish ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
I. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Total Haemoglobin

Background: It has been suggested that poor healing of wounds may be associated with reduced tissue oxygenation. A non-invasive method of assessing peripheral venous oxygenation has been investigated. Method: Changes in oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb), oxidized cytochrome aa3 (cyt aa3) and total haemoglobin (tHb) were monitored in the left lower leg of seven healthy volunteers. A short period of venous occlusion was achieved by rapidly inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff placed around the leg to 60 mmHg. The changes in O2Hb and tHb, with respect to the baseline readings, were evaluated. PSvO2 was calculated from (ΔO2Hb/ΔtHb) × 100%. Results: From 17 sets of readings on the seven volunteers the median PSvO2 calculated was 64% (range 50–86%). Conclusion: This method appears to be a simple means of evaluating PSvO2. A change in cyt aa3 was often seen associated with the venous occlusion.

scholarly journals Imaging of β-amyloid plaques by near infrared fluorescent tracers: a new frontier for chemical neuroscience

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Staderini ◽  
María Antonia Martín ◽  
Maria Laura Bolognesi ◽  
J. Carlos Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Fluorescent Tracers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Β Amyloid

Near infrared (NIR) imaging is a promising and non-invasive method to visualize amyloid plaquesin vivo.

scholarly journals A novel non-invasive method for measuring knee joint laxity in four dof: In vitro proof-of-concept and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pedersen ◽  
V. Vanheule ◽  
R. Wirix-Speetjens ◽  
O. Taylan ◽  
HP. Delport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Knee Joint Laxity ◽  
Invasive Method

Near-Infrared Light Emitting Diode Based Non-Invasive Glucose Detection System

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 6187-6191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Lee ◽  
Min Seok Kim ◽  
Ok-Kyun Kim ◽  
Hyung-Hwan Baik ◽  
Ji-Hye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Repurposing Butenafine as An Oral Nanomedicine for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Bezerra-Souza ◽  
Raquel Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Gabriela F. Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Bolas-Fernandez ◽  
Marcia Dalastra Laurenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Stability ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Spray Dried

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide, which in its visceral clinical form (VL) is characterised by the accumulation of parasites in the liver and spleen, and can lead to death if not treated. Available treatments are not well tolerated due to severe adverse effects, need for parenteral administration and patient hospitalisation, and long duration of expensive treatments. These treatment realities justify the search for new effective drugs, repurposing existing licensed drugs towards safer and non-invasive cost-effective medicines for VL. In this work, we provide proof of concept studies of butenafine and butenafine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (B-SNEDDS) against Leishmania infantum. Liquid B-SNEDDS were optimised using design of experiments, and then were spray-dried onto porous colloidal silica carriers to produce solid-B-SNEDDS with enhanced flow properties and drug stability. Optimal liquid B-SNEDDS consisted of Butenafine:Capryol 90:Peceol:Labrasol (3:49.5:24.2:23.3 w/w), which were then sprayed-dried with Aerosil 200 with a final 1:2 (Aerosil:liquid B-SNEDDS w/w) ratio. Spray-dried particles exhibited near-maximal drug loading, while maintaining excellent powder flow properties (angle of repose <10°) and sustained release in acidic gastrointestinal media. Solid-B-SNEDDS demonstrated greater selectivity index against promastigotes and L. infantum-infected amastigotes than butenafine alone. Developed oral solid nanomedicines enable the non-invasive and safe administration of butenafine as a cost-effective and readily scalable repurposed medicine for VL.

Study of Nanofluid Natural Convection Phenomena in Rectangular Enclosures

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui V. Wong ◽  
Bradley L. Bon ◽  
Santina Vu ◽  
Sing Samedi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Anomalous Density ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Invasive Method

Buoyancy induced flows in rectangular enclosures using nanofluids were investigated. The effects of mass fraction concentration of nanoparticles, enclosure aspect ratio and inclination were observed. The nanofluid under investigation was a water-based alumina nanofluid. Since water exhibits an anomalous density extremum near 4°C the additional effect of buoyancy force reversal will also be observed. The opacity of nanofluid does not permit the use of particle image velocimetry, laser induced fluorescence or any other means of flow visualization or visual temperature measurement of the local fluid temperature. Therefore to investigate the temperature field a non-invasive method, namely ultrasound thermometry, will be used to observe the temperature field. The experimental enclosure was validated using water as the initial fluid; measured values of the local fluid temperature were compared with numerical simulations utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics. Nanofluid mass fractions of 10% and 25% were used for comparative purposes of the effects of concentration on the temperature field. Buoyancy force reversal effects were witnessed in both 10% and 25% concentrations. The nanofluid also prolonged the multicellular effects that occur in buoyancy inversion flows. A Rayleigh number inversion was observed for the 25% mass fraction nanofluid. The multicellular regime transitions to boundary layer regime at about Ra=1E+07 when the aspect ratio is 2.625 and at about Ra=2E+08 when the aspect ratio is 1.000, for different concentrations of nanofluid. For these concentrations of nanofluid and aspect ratio equal to 2.625, instability in the core region occurred at about Ra=1.2E+07.

Photoacoustic Measurement and Experiment of Glucose Concentrations in an Aqueous Matrix

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Guo Dong Liu ◽  
Jian Dong ◽  
Zhong Ren ◽  
Lv Ming Zeng ◽  
Hao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Exponential Fitting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Linear Polynomial ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Near Infrared Region

In the near-infrared region, we can test the blood glucose by non-invasive method. Based on this theory, combined photoacoustic principle, we had research about the simulated samples of blood glucose, measured the concentration of glucose solution. We have discussed the optimal wavelength in the near-infrared region (780-2400nm), and did the experiment repeatedly, and then analyzed data through the linear, polynomial and exponential fitting of the Generalized Least Squares, the measuring accuracy of the glucose solution had improved. These research results provide the guidance on the practice and experimental evidence for the further research of measuring.

scholarly journals ACTIVE SPECTRAL IMAGING NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (SINDE) CAMERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Simova ◽  
Paul A. Rochefort
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Light Emitting

A proof-of-concept video camera for active spectral imaging nondestructive evaluation has been demonstrated. An active multispectral imaging technique has been implemented in the visible and near infrared by using light emitting diodes with wavelengths spanning from 400 to 970 nm. This shows how the camera can be used in nondestructive evaluation to inspect surfaces and spectrally identify materials and corrosion.

scholarly journals Non Invasive Treatment to Relieve the Pain due to Headaches & Sinus using Vibration on Acupressure Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Head Neck

Headache is a common term that causes pain in the region of head, neck, and scalp. It is a neurological disorder. The nerves are tending to be in under stress condition. The main causes of the headache are due to stress, depression, tension, anxiety and due to some climatic changes, etc. Headache is classified into different types. Migraine, cluster headache, sinus, normal headache are some of the types of headache. Most headaches can be treated with some medication and neuro stimulator devices. This paper involves the usage of vibration by non-invasive method on the acupressure point of the human body which can relief the pain. The acupressure point is a pressure point, when used in a correct method will lead to decrease the level of pain. The vibration is provided by the motor vibrator and the frequency of the vibration is controlled by the arduino (Atmega 328). Frequency changes can be monitored by the pc. This vibration based treatment will effectively reduce the pain and also the device is cost effective and more comfortable to the patient.

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