scholarly journals Choroidal thickness and choriocapillaris vascular density in myopic anisometropia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinting Liu ◽  
Zhiyi Lin ◽  
Feifu Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Peng ◽  
Wenwen He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow ◽  
K Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Flow Void ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interocular Difference

Abstract Background This study aims to examine interocular differences in the choroidal thickness and vascular density of the choriocapillaris in anisometropic myopes and to further explore the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia. Methods The sample comprised 44 participants with anisometropic myopia, aged 9 to 18 years, with normal best-corrected visual acuity. All participants underwent a series of examinations, including spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), measured by a Lenstar optical biometer and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanner. OCT measured the choroidal thickness, vascular density, and flow voids of the choriocapillaris, and a customized algorithm was implemented in MATLAB R2017a with the post-correction of AL. The choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly to the fovea. The vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were measured at a 0.6-mm-diameter central circle, and the 0.6–2.5 mm diameter circle in the nasal, temporal, inferior, and superior regions. Repeated-measured ANOVAs were used to analyze the interocular differences. Partial correlations with the K value and age adjustments were used to study the relationships between the choroidal thickness, the choriocapillaris vascular density and flow voids, the SER and AL. Results The choroidal thickness of the more myopic eyes was significantly thinner than less myopic eyes (P ≤ 0.001), and the flow voids in the more myopic eyes were more than less myopic eyes (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the vascular density of the choriocapillaris between the more and less myopic eyes (P = 0.525). However, when anisometropia was more than 1.50 D, the vascular density of choriocapillaris in the more myopic eyes was significantly less than the less myopic eyes (P = 0.026). The interocular difference of the choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with the interocular difference in SER and AL in the center, superior, and inferior regions but not in the nasal or temporal regions. The interocular differences of the vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were not correlated with the interocular difference of SER and AL. Conclusions The choroidal thickness is thinner in the more myopic eyes. The flow void is increased, and the vascular density of the choriocapillaris is reduced in the more myopic eyes of children with anisometropia exceeding 1.50 D.

scholarly journals Choroidal Structural Changes Correlate with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular density parameters and their correlation with severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted of 104 eyes, which were divided into 4 groups: Healthy controls (n = 38), DM with no DR eyes (n = 22), non-proliferative DR (NPDR) eyes (n = 24), proliferative DR (PDR) eyes (n = 20). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. The total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), the luminal areas (LA) and the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area(L/C ratio) were compared. The choroidal parameters were also compared between panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) untreated and PRP-treated DR eyes. Results The L/C ratio values was 0.68 ± 0.06 in controls and 0.63 ± 0.04 in DM eyes (P < 0.001). But there were no statistically significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) measurements between the two groups (P = 0.407, P = 0.654 and P = 0.849; respectively). The vessel density values were significantly different in DM with no DR eyes, PRP-untreated NPDR eyes and PRP-untreated PDR eyes (P < 0.001 for SCT, TCA and SA). The L/C ratio in the three groups were significant different (P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in SCT, TCA, LA, SA and the L/C ratio between PRP-untreated and PRP-treated DR eyes. Conclusion Eyes of patients with DM showed the L/C ratio decreased compared with normal controls. SCT increased, but the L/C ratio significantly decreased with severity of DR eyes compared with DM eyes and normal. Changes in the L/C ratio may predict DR development before they are otherwise evident clinically. Choroidal blood flow deficit can be an early pathologic change in DR. Key Words Diabetic retinopathy; choroidal vascular density parameter; choroid; macular

scholarly journals Choroidal Structural Changes Correlate with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular density parameters and their correlation with severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted of 104 eyes, which were divided into 4 groups: Healthy controls (n = 38), DM with no DR eyes (n = 22), panretinal photocoagulation-untreated non-proliferative DR eyes (PRP-untreated NPDR eyes) (n = 24), PRP-untreated proliferative DR eyes (PRP-untreated PDR eyes) (n = 20). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. The total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), the luminal areas (LA) and the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area (L/C ratio) were compared. The choroidal parameters were also compared between PRP untreated and PRP-treated DR eyes. Results The L/C ratio values were 0.68 ± 0.06 in controls and 0.63 ± 0.04 in DM eyes (P < 0.001). But there were no statistically significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) measurements between the two groups (P = 0.407, P = 0.654 and P = 0.849; respectively). The vessel density values were significantly different in DM with no DR eyes, PRP-untreated NPDR eyes and PRP-untreated PDR eyes (P < 0.001 for SCT, TCA and SA). The L/C ratio values in the three groups were significant different (P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in SCT, TCA, LA, SA and the L/C ratio between PRP-untreated and PRP-treated DR eyes. Conclusion Eyes of patients with DM showed the L/C ratio decreased compared with normal controls. The SCT increased, but L/C ratio significantly decreased with severity of DR eyes compared with DM and normal eyes. Changes in the L/C ratio may predict DR development before they are otherwise evident clinically. Choroidal blood flow deficit can be an early pathologic change in DR. Key Words Diabetic retinopathy; choroidal vascular density parameter; choroid; macular

scholarly journals Choroidal Structural Changes Correlate with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Density Values

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular density parameters and their correlation with severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted of 104 eyes, which were divided into 4 groups: Healthy controls (n = 38), DM with no DR eyes (n = 22), non-proliferative DR (NPDR) eyes (n = 24), proliferative DR (PDR) eyes (n = 20). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. The total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), the luminal areas (LA) and the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area were compared. Results The ratio of the luminal to choroidal area values was 67.53 ± 6.20 in controls and 63.43 ± 4.47 in DM eyes (P < 0.001). But there were no statistically significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) measurements between the two groups (P = 0.407, P = 0.654 and P = 0.849; respectively). The vessel density values were significantly different in DM with no DR eyes, NPDR eyes and PDR eyes. (P < 0.001 for SCT, TCA and SA). The ratio of the luminal to choroidal area in the three groups were significant different(P = 0.019). Conclusion Eyes of patients with DM showed decreased ratio of the luminal to choroidal area compared with normal controls. Choroidal thickness and the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area significantly increased with severity of DR eyes compared with DM eyes and normal. Changes in the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area may predict DR development or recurrence before they are otherwise evident clinically. Choroidal blood flow deficit can be an early pathologic change in DR.

scholarly journals Ocular Blood Flow Abnormalities and Their Correlation with Body Mass Index in Obese Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Tufek ◽  
Mustafa Capraz ◽  
Ahmet Turan Kaya ◽  
Kenan Varol ◽  
Nihat Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retrobulbar Blood Flow ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract PurposeTo evaluate the effects of obesity on ocular blood flow including choroidal thickness and retrobulbar blood flow values in comparison with healthy subjectsMethodsThe 102 eyes of 102 female patients were included in this prospective study.Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) was used to evaluate the retrobulber vessels.Choroidal thickness was measured by using the optical coherence tomography (OCT). ResultsThere was a significant difference in IOP values within the groups with the highest values in group 3 and the lowest in group 1.There was also a positive correlation between BMI and IOP. The CT was found to be statistically significantly lower in group 2 and group 3 than in the control group at all measurement points. The choroidal thickness was also statistically significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2 at the subfoveal, nasal 500 µm, and the temporal 500 and 1000 µm measurement points.The mean CRA PSV and EDV values were lower in group 2 and group 3 than in group 1, while group 3 had the lowest mean CRA PSV value among the groups. When compared to group 1, the OA EDV value was lower only in group 3 while the OA PSV value was statistically significantly lower in group 3 than in both group 2 and group 1. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of RI and PI.ConclusionsObesity can create a predisposition to ocular pathologies both by increasing the IOP and decreasing the retrobulbar and choroidal blood flow.

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽  
Bernadete Radin ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

Income or Culture? Examining the Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in an International Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Garg
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between income, subjective wellbeing, and culture among people from a higher socio-economic class across the world. Rationale: Ed Diener proposed the law of diminishing marginal utility as an explanation for differences in subjective wellbeing among different income groups across different countries (Diener, Ng, &amp; Tov, Balance in life and declining marginal utility of diverse resources, 2009). Thus, people with higher incomes would experience less subjective wellbeing due to income, and culture should emerge as a significant predictor. Method: Data from this study came from another study (https://siddharthgargblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/love-for-money/). I used an online survey to collect data on annual income in US dollars, subjective wellbeing (WHO-5), and country of residence (Indicator of Culture). 96 responses (Indians = 24, Foreigners = 72) were entered in IBM SPSS and a regression analysis was conducted. The raw dataset used in this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8869040.v1Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between Indians and foreigners on levels of subjective wellbeing. Linear regression shows the regression coefficient of culture to be significant (Beta = -.254, p = .014) but the regression coefficient of income was not found to be significant. The overall model was found to explain 8.2% of the variance in wellbeing.Conclusion: The sample of this study is too small to make any kind of generalization; it does lend a little bit of support to the idea of diminishing marginal utility of income on subjective wellbeing and provides a rationale for further research.

scholarly journals Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Igic ◽  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

An Evaluation of the Relationship between Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness, Cochlear Nerve Thickness, the Level of Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss in Unilateral Tinnitus Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Avcu ◽  
Mehmet Metin ◽  
Raşit Kılıç ◽  
Muhammed Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiber Thickness ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Background: In this study, optic coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed to check whether there was any interaction between ophthalmic axonal structures in unilateral tinnitus patients, and the relationship between optic nerve thickness and cochlear nerve thickness was evaluated. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relatioship between hearing loss, tinnitus, and nerve thicknesses. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral university hospital. Patients: The study included 88 patients with unilateral tinnitus, for which no organic cause could be found in physical examination, psychiatric evaluation, or with imaging methods. Study groups were formed of the tinnitus side and control groups were formed of the healthy side as follows: Group 1 (Non-tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 30), Group 2 (non-tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 27), Group 3 (non-tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 31), Group 4 (tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 25), Group 5 (tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 25), and Group 6 (tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 38). Intervention: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was evaluated with OCT, and the cochlear nerve cross-sectional area was evaluated with MRI. Main Outcome Measures: RNFL measurements were taken with OCT from the subfoveal area (RNFL-SF) and 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea (RNFL-T µm) and nasal (RNFL-N µm) sectors. On MRI, 3 measurements were taken along the nerve from the cerebellopontine angle as far as the internal auditory canal, and the mean value of these 3 measurements was calculated. Results: When the groups were evaluated in respect of cochlear nerve thickness, a significant difference was seen between Group 1 and both the groups with hearing loss and the tinnitus groups. In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant difference was determined between Group 1 and Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When the groups were evaluated in respect of the RNFL-SF (µm), RNFL-T (µm), and RNFL-N (µm) values, the differences were determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 for all). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was determined between hearing loss and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.184, p = 0.014), and RNFL-N (r: −0.272, p < 0.001) and between tinnitus and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.536, p < 0.001), and RNFL-T (r: −0.222, p < 0.009). Conclusion: The study results clearly showed a relationship between cochlear nerve fiber thickness and hearing loss and the severity of tinnitus in cases with unilateral tinnitus and that there could be neurodegenerative factors in the disease etiology. A similar relationship seen with the RNFL supports the study hypothesis.

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